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In Malaysia, an increasing rate of the road accident fatalities in rural road has been identified as one of the major concern to authorities and public. One of the systems that has been implemented to ensure that the roads were achieved the required standards of safety is Road Safety Audit (RSA). The RSA (stage 5) guideline very useful to plan major maintenance and improvement by a proactive way of identifying high risk situations so that that they can be eliminated or otherwise treated to reduce the likelihood of accidents or reduce the severity of accidents. It is including the site inspection activity, intersections, traffic signal installations and general traffic management items. This study was developed to evaluate potential unsafe features or operational arrangement that may adversely affect the safety of road user and to justify the risk and severity of crashes that may be attributing to the existing road condition. This study was focused on traffic flow and control that includes the study of traffic signal installation, general traffic management, cross-section and intersection (sight distance). For the RSA inspection, Jalan Berapit at Bukit Mertajam was selected as investigation location in collecting the data of traffic volumes, spot speed, site inspection and qualitative research questionnaire. Besides, extensive preview of previous related research and consolidated by interviews with authorities and industry professionals. The data was analyzed by using SPSS and the site inspection was analyzed by using prioritization method and compared with the Guidelines for the Safety Audit of Roads in Malaysia. All the data obtained need to proceed with an immediate road safety improvement effort to ensure the improvements in term of serviceability and safety of road users. This study may lead to the improvement of road safety on federal road along Berapit to Penanti from the viewpoint of user because it is the main road and its lead to the highway nearby.

The purpose of this study is to establish the complete assessment of flexible pavement maintenance activities carried out from Sungai Petani KM107.90 to Alor Setar KM51.40, Section N2,North South Expressway Northern Region. The assessment includes the visual inspection to determine the rating criteria for each defect found on the flexible pavement and the determination of proper rehabilitation work along Section N2 by referring to Inspection Manual for Pavement Maintenance Management System – PLUS Bhd and OPUS NMM NRO and Buku Panduan Pemeriksaan Penyelenggaraan Bulanan Lebuhraya-Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia (LLM). Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) practice also been incorporated throughout the assessment as listed in Method Statement in Work Order and Standard Specification for Road Works JKR/SPJ/2008-S4 Fexible Pavement. It is including before, during and after rehabilitation work is implemented. From the visual inspection, cracking recorded the highest percentage of the defect found on north bound with 32%, while south bound recorded as 44%. Both are categorized in rating C condition which require repairs for user comfort which mill and pave method been chosen for repairing works after considering several factors; such as optimum time and cost. A good assessment at defected area will increase the life span of the pavement and minimize the overall maintenance cost.

Adsorption is an effective method in treating heavy metals of wastewater. The presence of high dissolved Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) concentration in industrial wastewater contribute to the decoloration of water and can cause health problems for long-term exposure to these heavy metals. This studies investigate eggshell as an alternative adsorbent. The effects of contact time, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dosage were studied in batch experiments. The Cu and Zn concentrations were analysed triplicate using Spectrophotometer (Model: DR 2800). The result shows that more than 90% removal of Cu and Zn occurred at optimum contact hours of 60 minutes and 120 minutes respectively while optimum initial concentration was 1 ppm for Cu removal and 2 ppm for Zn removal. Based on the present results, the application of the eggshell is a potential and economic treatment for excessive Cu and Zn content in wastewater treatment plant.