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Background: Hyperthyroidism was long considered a protective factor for the development of thyroid cancer. The association between hyperactive thyroid and cancer was rare. More recent studies have highlighted an association between hyperthyroidism and development of cancers, especially thyroid cancer. Given the lack of publication on the association of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the present study was carried out to confirm the existence of this association in Congolese hospitals. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study, which involved 106 cases of thyroid cancer recorded in the anatomopathology registers of four laboratories in the city of Kinshasa between 2005 and 2019. The p-value