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Using Chagan Lake area as the study area and based on the DN value of sixth band of the Landsat 5 TM image of the region in 2011, this paper uses mono window algorithm to inverse the real surface temperature of the study area under the regional thermal radiation condition and curtained atmospheric transmissivity atmospheric transmission rate and emissivity. Then the inversion data and actual measured data are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the mono- window inversion algorithm achieved a high accuracy, and can better reflect the distribution of surface temperatures. On this basis, the temperature distribution of the region and its influencing factors are analyzed.