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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem globally and in India. Many studies in the past have documented inadequate glycemic control and complication rates among the Indian diabetic population due to inappropriate or inadequate pharmacological treatment. Studies assessing the prescription pattern are also very Scarce from the country. The present study has been conducted with the objective of assessing the profile of diabetic patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital and the prescription pattern of anti-diabetic medication among them. Aims and Objectives: The study is aimed to analyze the current prescribing patterns for patients with both uncomplicated and complicated Type 2 DM in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications and their combinations in both uncomplicated and complicated cases. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective case record review of 136 patients with Type 2 DM admitted in the ward of general medicine department of a Tertiary care teaching hospital. Results: The mean age was 54.39 ± 12.46 years and 61.03% of participants were males. Comorbidities such as systemic hypertension were present in 21.32% of participants and hyperlipidemia was present in 11.76% of participants. The proportion of subjects, who had complicated DM, was 52.21%. Among the study population, 77 (56.62%) had oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) alone, 27 (19.85%) had insulin alone, and 32 (23.53%) had Insulin + OHA. Among the study population, 70 (51.47%) had single OHA, 32 (23.53%) had dual combination of OHA, and 7 (5.15%) had triple combination OHA. The majority (53.70%) people were taking metformin, 20 (14.71%) people were taking glimepiride, 16 (11.76%) people were taking glibenclamide, 13 (9.56%) people were taking gliptins. Among the study population, 34 (25%) people were taking actrapid, 32 (23.53%) people were taking mixtard, and 10 (7.35%) people were taking lup Insulin. Among the study population, 32 (23.53%) had anti-hypertensive drugs, 19 (13.97%) had statins, 14 (10.29%) had antiplatelet, 12 (8.82%) had antibiotics and 4 (8.94%) had diuretics. The mean fasting blood sugar at admission was 178.51 ± 69.56 g/dL and at the discharge was 123.23 ± 24.92 g/dL and the mean difference (55.29) between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean postprandial blood sugars at admission was 228.92 ± 67.03 g/dL and at the discharge was 166.66 ± 30.73 g/dL, and the mean difference (55.29) between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The treatment intake was inadequate and glycemic control was poor in majority of the diabetic population. There is high reliance on metformin and sulfonylureas and insulin is underutilized even in patients with poor glycemic control. There is strong need to optimize the therapy in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most common superficial fungal infections are tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, tinea unguium, and tinea facie and cutaneous Candida albicans infections such as oral thrush, oropharyngeal candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, and onychomycosis. Aims and Objectives: (i) Analysis of prescription pattern of antifungal drugs and (ii) to study common adverse effects. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational study conducted in B. K. L. Walawalkar Hospital, Sawarde, Ratnagiri. A total of 993 case papers were analyzed after getting approval from the institutional ethics committee and permission from dermatology department. The frequency with percentage was used for the analysis of data. Results: In 993 patients with superficial fungal infections, 523 (52.7%) were males and 470 (47.3%) were females. Majority of patients were belonged to 21-40-year age group, i.e., 439 (44.2%) followed by 41-60 years, i.e., 244 (24.6%). Our study shows that the most common superficial fungal infections with single lesion were tinea corporis (22.3%), tinea cruris (14.6%), and pityriasis versicolor (13.9%). In Candida albicans, the most common infection was onychomycosis 14 (1.4%). The most common antifungal prescribed was luliconazole (20.84%) followed by itraconazole (20.58%). The most common route was topical route (68.26%). Combination of drugs was not prescribed. Different prescription indicators were that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.4 and average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.7. Conclusion: Most commonly prescribed newer antifungal was luliconazole. Next most commonly prescribed by oral route was itraconazole. In our study prescription pattern were rational approach in two points, they are no use of combination of drugs and many drugs were selected from essential medicinal list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the cases of accidental injuries is burns. Globally, every year estimated 180,000 mortalities occur due to burns, and most of the deaths are seen in the lower or poor socioeconomic class of developing countries. Due to predominantly poor and low socioeconomic status, overpopulation, poor education, and unreachability to advanced burn care in certain parts of the country - the incidence, complications, and deaths have continued to rise in developing countries. About 75% of the deaths associated with burn injuries are related to wound infection, especially in developing countries. The present study was undertaken to study the microflora of burn wounds as well as drug utilization in the management of burn patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Aims and objectives: Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistant pattern and drug utilization in burns patients. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 130 hospitalized burn patients over 12 months (from November 2020 to November 2021). All burn patients who were admitted in the hospital and received at least 1 day of treatment were included in the study. All required information, including demographic data, prescribed medication, microbial culture sensitivity report, and treatment outcome were recorded in the case record form. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel version 2019. Results: Of a total of 130 burn patients, 52% were females. The most common type of burn was flame in 69% of patients. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days and it ranged from 1 to 40 days. Culture from burns wound revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (47.6%) as the most common organism isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (45.2%), Acinetobacter baumannii (14.2%), Proteus mirabilis (14.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.5%), and Escherichia coli (4.7%). Among the isolated microorganisms, most of them showed sensitivity to beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and tetracyclines. Sulphonamide was dominant among the topically applied antibiotics, whereas cephalosporins were dominant among the systemically administered antibiotics. The average number of drugs per-prescription ranges from 6.5 to 8.5. Conclusion: The present study results are helpful in understanding the pattern of burns wound sepsis, the dominant bacterial organism, the antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance, and the drug utilization pattern in burns patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the prescription patterns of anti-asthmatic drugs for adults in an outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in India. The study analyzed 500 prescriptions and found that the majority of patients were men (67%) and received combination therapy (85%) rather than monotherapy (15%). Beta 2 agonists, such as salbutamol, were the most commonly prescribed anti-asthmatic drugs (68%), followed by steroids (47%). The study also found that oral tablets were more commonly prescribed (76%) than inhalers (24%). The findings suggest a preference for beta 2 agonists over steroids and a higher use of oral administration, which may increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a study aimed to evaluate the pattern of drug prescription and dispensing in pediatric outpatient clinic in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in India. The cross-sectional study was undertaken at the pediatric outpatient department of Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural (SRTR) in Maharashtra, India where data is collected through the scrutiny of prescriptions. The results of study highlight the problems in the overprescription of antibiotics and inadequate labeling.