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Some promising acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with an antioxidant potential were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their role in treating cognitive dysfunctions. The in silico Gaussian-based quantitative structureactivity relationship (QSAR), virtual screening (VS), QikProp drug-likeliness prediction and docking pose filtration protocols were adapted to design and screen the novel series of diaryl ether derivatives. Further, the selected compounds were investigated for their molecular binding stability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis and molecular mechanics generalised born surface area (MM-GBSA). The identified hits were synthesised and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition and antioxidant potential. Among all the synthesized compounds, the compound 39 was observed as potent AChE inhibitor (AChE IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.09 μm; Ki = 0.054 ± 0.009 μM), and also the antioxidant potential of compound 39 (52.9%) was observed significantly better than standard donepezil (<10%) and parallel to ascorbic acid (56.6%). Further, compound 39 ameliorated the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in the Y-maze and passive avoidance testsin mice models. Ex vivo and biochemical analysis established the brain AChE inhibitory potential and antioxidant properties of compound 39. The results signified compound 39 to be a promising lead for the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study Chloroform and alcohol extracts of Xanthium strumarium L. were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant and antilipidemic activity by various methods namely total reducing power, scavenging of free radicals such as 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), super oxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The percentage scavenging of various free radicals were compared with standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The extracts were also evaluated for anti-lipidemic activity in Triton WR-1339 (iso-octyl polyoxyethylene phenol)- induced hyperlipidemia in Swiss albino rats by estimating serum triglyceride, very low density lipids (VLDL), cholesterol, low-density lipids (LDL), and high-density lipid (HDL) levels. Significant antioxidant activity was observed in all the methods, significant reduction (P < 0.01) in cholesterol at 6 and 24 h and (P < 0.05) at 48 h. There was significant reduction (P < 0.01) in triglyceride level at 6, 24, and 48 h. The VLDL level was also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 24 h and maximum reduction (P < 0.01) was seen at 48 h. There was significant increase (P < 0.01) in HDL at 6, 24, and 48 h. From the results; it is evident that alcohol and chloroform extracts of X. strumarium can effectively decrease plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL and increase plasma HDL levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Reducing Power assays. Ascorbic acid was used as standard and positive control for both the analysis. All the analysis was made with the use of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The methanolic extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves had shown very significant DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity compared to standard antioxidant. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract was increased with the increasing concentration. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay IC50 value of leaves extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus was found to be 34.4 ìg/mL. The reducing power activity of the leaf extract was moderately exhibited. The results concluded that the extract have a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), commonly known as ashwagandha, is known to have antiinflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsive and immunosuppressive properties. In the present study, antioxidant potential of in vitro cultured cells and roots of W. somnifera was evaluated within the concentration range of 5-100 μg/ml using in vitro studies viz. free radical scavenging capacity on 1, 1-diphenyl,- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical cation decolourization assay, scavenging of nitric oxide radical and total antioxidant capacity. Ascorbic acid was used as standard compound. Among antioxidant screening models tested, ethanolic extracts of W. somnifera cells from transformed callus cultures had shown better antioxidant potential in comparison to that of roots and ascorbic acid. Therefore the results justify the therapeutic application of W. somnifera as an antioxidant in the indigenous system of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]