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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate both short-term and long-term changes in the lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI) following trabeculectomy and investigate the factors influencing these changes., Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, 40 eyes of 40 patients with glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy and had a follow-up of at least 2 years were included. Optic nerve head area was scanned by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography before surgery (Pre&#95;OP), within 6 months postoperatively (Post&#95;OP1), and at the last visit (Post&#95;OP2). LCCI values calculated from B-scan images at six different planes (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150°) and their mean values were compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify the clinical factors associated with the amount of LCCI changes., Results: The mean follow-up time was 38.3 ± 16.8 months. At Post&#95;OP1, the mean LCCI decreased from 9.28 ± 2.58 to 7.91 ± 2.57 (P < 0.001), and the mean intraocular pressure decreased from 22.0 ± 7.6 mm Hg to 12.2 ± 3.8 mm Hg (P = 0.001). At Post&#95;OP2, the mean LCCI was maintained at 7.74 ± 2.49 (P = 0.56 when compared to Post&#95;OP1 and P < 0.001 when compared to Pre&#95;OP). The mean intraocular pressure was 12.6 ± 5.4 mm Hg (P = 0.67 when compared to Post&#95;OP1 and P < 0.001 when compared to Pre&#95;OP). Long-term LCCI changes were associated with baseline age (P = 0.04), spherical equivalent (P = 0.02), mean IOP during follow-ups (P = 0.02), and preoperative LCCI (P = 0.04)., Conclusions: Glaucomatous eyes undergoing trabeculectomy demonstrated reductions in the LCCI after a mean follow-up of over 3 years. Greater long-term LCCI reduction was associated with younger age, lower mean IOP during follow-up period, greater spherical equivalent refractive error, and preoperative LCCI.