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Summary Sixty-two consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemiain first complete remission were submitted to allogeneic orautologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 1989and 2006. The objective of this study was to analyze the survivalof patients, with 53.2% surviving at the end of the study: 43.3%after allogeneic and 65.2% after autologous transplantation.Factors such as gender, the French-American-British classification,cytogenetic analysis, induction therapy, remission after the firstinduction cycle of chemotherapy and conditioning regime did nothave any impact on survival. Patients submitted to allogeneictransplantations who were consolidated with high doses ofarabinoside had better survival with a p-value = 0.0035. Acutegraft-versus-host disease (GvHD) had an impact on survival;patients with Grade II had a better survival rate than those withoutor with Grades I and III GvHD giving a p-value of 0.0377.Moderate diarrhea had statistical significance in allogeneictransplant. Chronic GvHD had an impact on survival with twopatients who had severe chronic GvHD, dying (p=0.0008).Infection was the most frequent cause of death in allogeneictransplantation (41.1% of deaths) followed by relapse (29.4% ofdeaths). In autologous transplantation, relapse was the principalcause of death (91.7% of deaths). Procedure-related toxicityoccurred in 47% of patients who died in allogeneic and 8.3% in

ResumoOitentapacientesconsecutivosportadoresdeleu-cemia mieloide aguda, submetidos a transplante demedulaosseaalogenicoeautogenico,foramseleciona-dos entre 1989 e 2001. O objetivo deste estudo foianalisarasobrevidadosmesmos,sendoque40%esta-vam vivos ao final do estudo; no transplante alogenico37,9% e no transplante autogenico 45,4%. Quando seanalisouasobrevidaemrelacaoatransplantesefetuadosate 1995 e de 1996 a 2001, no transplante alogenico, asobrevida aumentou de 30,0% para 42,1% e no trans-plante autogenico de 30,0% para 58,3%. Fatores comosexo,classificacaofranco-americano-britânicadeleuce-mia mieloide aguda, tratamento de inducao, numerodecelulasinfundidaseregimedecondicionamentonaotiveram impacto na sobrevida. Os pacientes portado-res de leucemia M1 a M4 e que foram submetidos aconsolidacao com altas doses de arabinosideo tiverammelhoranasobrevidacomumpsignificantede0,0148.Pacientes portadores de leucemia mieloide aguda M3nao se beneficiaram com o transplante de medula os-sea,tanto alogenicocomoautogenico,provavelmentepor estarem em fases mais avancadas da doenca. Paci-entes em 1a remissao completa se beneficiaram com otransplante de medula ossea alogenico ou autogenico,com uma sobrevidade52,6%notransplantealogenicoe de 69,2% no transplante autogenico. A presenca dedoenca do enxerto contra o hospedeiro teve impactona sobrevida dos pacientes, quando se comparou au-sencia de doenca do enxerto contra o hospedeiro grauI/II e grau III/IV e quando se comparou ausencia dedoencadoenxertocontraohospedeiro/IeIIcomgrauIII e IV com um p de 0,0505 e 0,0285 respectivamen-te. A doenca do enxerto contra o hospedeiro cronicanao teve impacto na sobrevida. Infeccao foi a causa deobito mais frequente no transplante alogenico (36,1%dosobitos),seguidaderecidiva(33,3%dosobitos).Notransplante autogenico, a recidiva foi a principal causade obito (66,7% dos obitos). Morte por toxicidade rela-cionada ao procedimento ocorreu em 38,9% dos paci-entes que morreram no transplante alogenico e em16,7%notransplanteautogenico.Naanaliseunivariadade Cox para fatores prognosticos, tiveram significânciaa fase da doencaeadedoenca do enxerto contra ohospedeiro aguda (p=0,002 e p= 0,0034) que perde-ram significância na analise multivariada (p=0,069).SummaryEighty consecutive patients were submitted toallogeneicandautologousbonemarrowtransplantationsbetween1989and2001.Thesubjectofthisstudywasto analyze the survival. At the end of this study 40%survived: 37.9% allogeneic and 45.4% autologous,withoutstatisticalsignificance.Whenthesurvivalwasanalyzedinrelationtotransplantsuntil1995andafter