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This article discusses the links between memory policies and academic research in argentine recent history. In particular, we will focus on the role assigned to the working class in the repressive process during the last civic-military dictatorship (1976-1983), analyzing how these opinions have varied according to the subjects and the different socio-political contexts. The reconstruction of the role of the workers incites to reflect also on their practices of resistance to the political and economic repression that was exercised from the dominant social block during the years of the State terrorism in Argentina. It is an invitation to recognize collective memories, forgetfulness and silences that cross the recent past to the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current exhumations of mass graves from the rearguard violence of the military coup and the subsequent war of 1936 have generated in society and academia an image, until recently unknown, of the horror that was experienced at the most tragic stage of our Contemporary history. To the use of oral sources, of memory as an instrument to know the history of the vanquished, has been incorporated an archeology of the Civil War that, from certain scientific protocols, returns to the public life of our present time the political meaning of those who suffered the consequences of the first great blow of fascism in Europe. In a society that shows an evident democratic deficit, the processes of exhumation allow the construction of bridges of meaning for the knowledge of the ways in which our 21st century society has decided to manage its past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indignados movement, also known as the 15M movement, in the wake of the disenchantment caused by the widespread crisis situation of the first years of the new century, will channel its discourse through a reconceptualization of the myth of the Transition to Democracy. Through various sources, including interviews, books and films, the article focuses attention on the relationship they establish between the Transition and so-called historical memory. The problems of the crisis will be associated with unresolved problems during the Transition to Democracy process, and so there will be a rejection of the so-called transition myth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to reveal how fiction cinema, through a sample of films ranging from 1975 to 2011, establishes its own "audio-visual recollection" of the repression in Franco's regime. In its analysis keys as how the war's losers and winners are depicted, which were the revenge policies, the pain of women, etc.; as well as its contextual elements, such as its acceptance, prizes and audience will be offered. Such films allow us to ponder the constitutive nature of actual Spanish society's imaginary regarding that period and the influence that it holds in the configuration of an adequate (or not) testimonial, restorative or conciliatory memory in relation to the Spanish Civil War and early Franco's regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The essay analyzes TV production El asesinato de Carrero Blanco (Miguel Bardem, 2009) in order to explore historical deconstruction on Spanish Transition. Contrary to film Operación Ogro (Gillo Pontecorvo, 1979) the script, focused on Francoism "grey eminence" intimate aspects, add humanism to the character. Not the closest adviser and first Chief Executive to Franco, but the Navy officer and writer, a fervent Catholic, affective husband and family man who valued loyalty to Spanish Caudillo beyond any State ambition. The result is a sort of biopic that emphasizes Carrero social memory as the early terrorism Government victim, more than the former Regime executioner among audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo forma parte de una investigación mayor dirigida por Stefano Cavalli y Christian Lalive d`Epinay en el marco de la red internacional CEVI (Cambios y eventos en el transcurso de la vida). Una sección del estudio refiere a la importancia y selectividad otorgada a acontecimientos y procesos socio-históricos vividos y transmitidos. Se han encuestado 623 individuos de cinco grupos de edad pertenecientes a comunas del Gran Concepción (Chile). Desde los datos han surgido antecedentes relevantes en relación a los terremotos de 1939 en Chillán y 1960 en Valdivia y Concepción que serán analizados en este artículo. El tema resulta particularmente sensible en el tiempo presente, dadas las consecuencias vividas por una reciente catástrofe ocurrida el 27 de Febrero de 2010 en la región del Bio Bio. Palabras claves: Terremotos en Chile, Memoria Histórica, Memoria Colectiva___________________________Abstract:The article is part of a major research o survey lead by Stefano Cavalli y Christián Lalive d`Epinay in the framework of the international network CEVI (Changes and events life course). A section of the research refers to the importance and selectivity granted to events and processes socio-historical processes lived and transmitted. Were surveyed 623 individuals of five age groups belonging to the communes of the big Concepcion (Chile). From the data has been emerged relevant background in relation with earthquakes of 1939 in Chillán and 1960 Valdivia and Concepción that which will be to be analyzed in this article. The topic is particularly sensitive in the present tense, because the consequences experienced by a recent catastrophe occurred on February 27, 2010 in the region of Bio Bio.Keywords: Earthquake in Chile, historical memory, collective memory.

El artículo forma parte de una investigación mayor dirigida por Stefano Cavalli y Christian Lalive d`Epinay en el marco de la red internacional CEVI (Cambios y eventos en el transcurso de la vida). Una sección del estudio refiere a la importancia y selectividad otorgada a acontecimientos y procesos socio-históricos vividos y transmitidos. Se han encuestado 623 individuos de cinco grupos de edad pertenecientes a comunas del Gran Concepción (Chile). Desde los datos han surgido antecedentes relevantes en relación a los terremotos de 1939 en Chillán y 1960 en Valdivia y Concepción que serán analizados en este artículo. El tema resulta particularmente sensible en el tiempo presente, dadas las consecuencias vividas por una reciente catástrofe ocurrida el 27 de Febrero de 2010 en la región del Bio Bio. Palabras claves: Terremotos en Chile, Memoria Histórica, Memoria Colectiva___________________________Abstract:The article is part of a major research o survey lead by Stefano Cavalli y Christián Lalive d`Epinay in the framework of the international network CEVI (Changes and events life course). A section of the research refers to the importance and selectivity granted to events and processes socio-historical processes lived and transmitted. Were surveyed 623 individuals of five age groups belonging to the communes of the big Concepcion (Chile). From the data has been emerged relevant background in relation with earthquakes of 1939 in Chillán and 1960 Valdivia and Concepción that which will be to be analyzed in this article. The topic is particularly sensitive in the present tense, because the consequences experienced by a recent catastrophe occurred on February 27, 2010 in the region of Bio Bio.Keywords: Earthquake in Chile, historical memory, collective memory.

La Haute-Vienne acogió en febrero de 1939 a más de 2.700 civiles españoles refugiados en Francia. Se trata de un departamento esencialmente rural, excepto la capital, conocida por su tradición obrera muy fuerte. Esta tierra fue bastante hospitalaria para los españoles, a pesar de los ataques de la prensa de derecha, entreteniendo el mito del “rojo” español. Entonces, los refugiados fueron objeto de una estricta vigilancia por parte del Estado francés (gobierno Daladier). Se impidió todo tipo de contacto entre los comunistas españoles y franceses, en un contexto de repatriaciones, a veces forzadas, hacia la España franquista. En este artículo, me propongo presentar algunos casos de represión contra los españoles y contra los comunistas, a partir de informes policiales o prefectorales de la Haute-Vienne.Palabras Claves: memoria histórica; exilio; republicanos; Francia; Guerra Civil española___________________________ABSTRACT:In February 1939, Haute-Vienne department accommodated more than 2700 spanish civilians’ refugees. This department is mainly rural except the capital where there is a strong working class tradition. This land was in general welcoming for refugees, in spite of the attacks of conservative press, which maintained the myth of the “red spanish”. Thus, Spanish refugees were under a strong surveillance by the French state (the Daladier’s government). Any contact between Spanish communists and French was avoided, in a context of repatriation, sometimes forced, back to pro-Franco Spain. This article will present some cases of repression against Spanish and communists that appear in reports from the police and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne.Keywords: France, Spanish Civil War, exile, historical memory

Los verdugos del régimen franquista salieron impunes de la Transición democrática, mientras la reparación y el reconocimiento de las víctimas de la represión en la dictadura quedaron postergados. De acuerdo con Paloma Aguilar, las políticas de memoria en España fueron inexistentes, ya que, en aquel momento, el pasado fue sometido a un olvido público, en nombre de la reconciliación de las dos Españas enfrentadas en el 1936-1939. Sin embargo, las heridas del conflicto no llegaron a cicatrizar jamás ni el trauma fue superado. De esta manera, surgió lo que Gregorio Morán ha descrito como una convención social de la época: la igualdad ante el pasado como consecuencia de un proceso de desmemoria colectiva.

Este artículo trata de la cuestión de la memoria en la España actual. A través del análisis del debate sobre el proceso de recuperación de la Guerra Civil en el presente, el autor expone las carencias conceptuales y metodológicas con la que se está procediendo. Una crítica del término memoria histórica da pie a una revisión de las bases en las que se asienta una problemática que ha trascendido las fronteras del mundo académico para instalarse entre las preocupaciones de la sociedad civil. Se defiende que nos encontramos en un momento crítico del proceso de recuperación de la memoria y que las decisiones que ahora se tomen a nivel político y dentro de la comunidad historiográfica marcarán el futuro de este asunto._____________________ABSTRACT:This article deals with the question of the memory in today’s Spain. Through the analysis of the debate on the current process of recovery of the Civil War, the author exposes conceptual and methodological deficiencies with which it is proceeding nowadays to this recovery. A critic of the term historical memory lead off to a revision of the bases in which this question is settled that has been extended over the academic world and has became a trouble of the whole civil society. Here is stated that we are in a critical moment of the memory recovery process and that the decisions that are taken now at a political level and within the historiographical community will mark the future of this subject.

En este artículo se plantea una reflexión sobre la utilidad y potencialidades que se derivarían de una correcta interpretación del concepto de Memoria Histórica para analizar la realidad social, desde los fundamentos epistemológicos de la Historia del Tiempo Presente. La influencia del pasado sobre el presente y la necesidad sentida y reclamada de revisar y actualizar el pasado son preocupaciones que trascienden el ámbito profesional de los historiadores y adquieren una importante dimensión social en los medios de comunicación que incluyen numerosas referencias a este tipo de cuestiones. Historia del Tiempo Presente, metodología, medios de comunicación, ideología, mentalidad, historiografía._______________________ABSTRACT:This paper aims to reflect upon the usefulness and potential of a correct interpretation of Historical Memory as a concept, used to analyse social reality from the epistemological foundations of Modern History. The past’s influence on the present, the felt and claimed need to revise and update the past, are all preoccupations surpassing professional concerns, and acquire a significant social dimension in the mass media by including numerous references to the issue.

Whereas many documentaries filmed during the first period of the Spanish transition to democracy focused in recovering the silenced historical memory of the losing side of the Civil War, others prefer to approach the political and social current issues of their time, proposing a harsh and disturbing interpretation of those moments: Informe general gathers the most prominent figures of the democratic transformation process, establishing debates about the way to formulate the new model of state that was still to be defined; Después de uncovers the state of tension and anxiety within a society that openly expresses public's disaffection with politics and has been deteriorated by a savage economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical fiction produced in Spain in the last decade has brought to the screen for the first time characters like Franco. The portrayal of the spanish dictator is very different from the propaganda constructed image that he made for himself. The first television fiction where Franco appears as a lead character is 20N, The last days of Franco (Antena 3, 2008), the goal of this study's analysis. This Tv-movie shows the audience the most private and humane side of Franco, because it focuses on how the dictator died. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]