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Aim: Assessment of the effect of inhaled therapy with anti-asthmatic medications on the development of caries in children between 3 and 17 years old., Methods: Study design: The study involved 208 patients, 114 in the study group and 94 in the control group. Data on general health condition of patients, use of medications, dietary habits and oral hygiene were obtained. Information on the onset of asthma, its severity and type, doses and method of administration of asthma medications were obtained from the available medical records by the paediatrician. Dental examination was performed using the DMFT/dmft and DMFS/dmfs index, ICDAS II classification and Nyvad's criteria for noncavitated white spot lesion differentiation. Additionally, an assessment of salivary S. mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. (LA) was carried out using the CRT Bacteria (Ivoclar Vivadent) test., Conclusion: There is still no clear consensus among the authors as to whether asthma and medications used in its treatment increase the risk of caries. Nowadays, despite better access to various sources of information, there is still a need for increased awareness in patients and medical doctors on the dental care and caries prevention in patients with asthma.

Aim: To evaluate the use of formocresol (FC) and ferric sulfate (FS) as pulpotomy agents in vital pulp therapy (VPT) in primary molars by dental practitioners., Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy-nine patients (aged 74.09 ± 20.75 months) who underwent pulpotomy were enrolled. The dmft, the number of visits, the filling materials, the clinical and radiological observations and complications were evaluated., Statistics: The data were analysed using chi-square, Spearman's rank correlation and odds ratio., Results: The analysis included the documentation of 179 patients with 276 pulpotomies: 50 (FS) and 226 (FC). The dmft was 8.54 ± 3.44. The therapeutic success was greater for FS pulpotomy and that of the two-appointment FC pulpotomy (90.6%) was higher than the one-appointment method (77.1%). Glass-ionomer cements (GIC) (53.6%), amalgam (30.0%), composites (15.6%), and steel crowns (1.8%) were used for tooth restoration. The risk of complications was lower for GI (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.09-4.88) compared to composite (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.19 - 5.80)., Conclusions: For primary teeth pulpotomy dental practitioners use both FS and FC. FC has been proven to be more effective in a two-appointmet treatment. When restoration with stainless steel crown (SSC) is not feasible, it is advantageous to use GIC rather than composite.

Aim: Assessment of dentition in children under parenteral nutrition, risk factors for caries, and dental developmental abnormalities., Materials and Methods: The study involved 63 patients (aged 2.25-16.6 years), i.e. 32 subjects receiving parenteral nutrition for a mean period of 5.6&#177;2.94 years, and 31 healthy control subjects. Oral hygiene (OHI-S, PL-I), gingival (GI), and dentition status (caries, DMFT/dmft, enamel defects, shape alterations), frequency of oral meals and frequency of cariogenic snacks consumption were evaluated. Medical records provided information on parenteral meals per week, age parenteral nutrition started, birth body mass, Apgar score, weight deficiency, and antibiotic therapy until aged 1 year. The Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used (p&#8804;0.05)., Results: Dental developmental abnormalities occurred more often in PN subjects (71.87% vs. 25.80%). The prevalence of caries in PN (56.25% vs. 90.32%) and dmft (2.00&#177;3.30 vs. 4.21&#177;3.33) and DMFT (2.47&#177;4.08 vs. 3.33&#177;3.50) were lower. Positive caries Spearman's rank correlation coefficients: frequency of oral meals and frequency of cariogenic snacks consumption, and GI. Negative correlation coefficients: low birth body mass, antibiotic therapy, and low body mass in the first year of life. Positive dental developmental abnormality Spearman's coefficients: low birth body mass, Apgar score < 7, parenteral nutrition duration, low body mass and antibiotic therapy in the first year of life. Beta- lactam, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide and nitroimidazole treatments were related to enamel hypoplasia., Conclusion: Parenteral nutrition in childhood is related to the risk of dental developmental abnormalities, promoted by malnutrition and antibiotic therapy in infancy. Limiting the number of meals and cariogenic snacks, and most probably administration of antibiotics, decreases the risk of caries.