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The authors propose to develop a new structural column on steel-concrete (SC) composite structures. The main reason why cruciform steel used in the SC columns is selected is that concrete confined by cruciform steel has stronger than non-confined concrete. In this study, seven specimens were tested to investigate structural performance and the scale effect of concrete of large-scale the SC columns. The size of the cruciform steel and the presence of a shear connector are among the experimental variables considered. Based on the test results, the comparisons of the experimental results of the two types of specimens indicate that there was little the scale effect of concrete on the elastic-plastic behavior of SC columns. Furthermore, there is concern about a gap between steel and concrete due to drying shrinkage of concrete over time. A mechanical shear connector contributes stress transfer between steel and concrete. Mechanical shear connectors were welded to a web of the cruciform steel to ensure stress transfer. If a gap exists between steel and concrete due to drying shrinkage of concrete over time, the shear connector can transfer stress from steel to concrete.