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A large-sized species of Hyleoglomeris collected from Shiga Prefecture, Central Japan, was discriminated from the described species known from Japan and surrounding areas by our careful examination of external body structure as well as male telopods. The new species is similar to H. stuxbergi from Japan, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: syncoxital lobe widely bifid forming two sublobes which are extended ventrolaterad (vs. narrowly bifid forming a pair of sublobes extended ventrad in H. stuxbergi); syncoxital horns slightly converging to each other (vs. almost parallel in H. stuxbergi); femoral trichostele slightly curved mesad (vs. strongly bent laterad in H. stuxbergi). On the base of these differences, the species is herein described as Hyleoglomeris awaumi Kuroda, Susukida & Eguchi, sp. nov. Our COI-based phylogenetic tree involving H. awaumi and other five congeneric Japanese species also shows the genetic distinctiveness of the new species. In addition, our analysis further suggests that Japanese Hyleoglomeris is non-monophyletic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]