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Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Trichomonas sp. infection among adolescent girls, pregnant women, and commercial sex workers in Ndola, Zambia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 girls attending school, 307 pregnant women, and 197 commercial sex workers. Self-collected specimens from the vagina, rectum, and mouth were tested by polymerase chain amplification assays for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Pentatrichomonas hominis, and Trichomonas tenax. Genotyping was performed on specimens that tested positive for 72 vaginalis. Results: The prevalence of vaginal infection with T. vaginalis was 24.6% among the adolescents, 32.2% among the pregnant women, and 33.2% among the commercial sex workers. Trichomonads other than T. vaginalis were rarely found in the vagina, rectum, and mouth. The presence of T. vaginalis in the rectum was associated with T. vaginalis in the vagina. T. tenax was also detected in the vagina. A total of 9 actin genotypes of T. vaginalis were identified. The distribution of the actin genotypes of 72 vaginalis was similar in the 3 study groups. Conclusion: We detected high prevalence rates of trichomoniasis among women in Ndola, Zambia. Prevalence among adolescent girls was lower than among pregnant women and commercial sex workers but was still high. We were riot able to detect differences in T. vaginalis actin genotypes among the 3 study groups. DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c21f93

We describe the epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among San Francisco County Jail inmates using APTIMA TV analyte-specific reagents on remnant urine. We detected TV in 15/713 (2.1%) men and 95/297 (32.0%) women, Among women, increased age was significantly associated with TV. The benefits of TV screening should be determined. DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318lbcd3fc

Background: To investigate the temporal associations between Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) diagnoses in women at a large urban sexual health clinic and a major Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening laboratory in Victoria, Australia with Pap smear screening rates and the introduction of nitroimidazole treatments. Methods: An ecological analysis of TV diagnosis rates at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and the Victorian Cytology Service, Pap smear screening rates and nitroimidazole prescription data. Results: Diagnoses of TV at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre peaked in the 1950s at 20% to 30% and then rapidly declined through the 1960s and 1970s to below 1% in 1990. A similar pattern was observed at the Victorian Cytology Service. Metronidazole prescribing and opportunistic Pap smear screening began in Victoria in the 1960s coinciding with declining TV. The availability of tinidazole in 1976 led to further declines in TV in the late 1970s. A national cervical screening program introduced in 1991 was temporally associated with further declines in TV. Conclusions: Our analyses suggest that the introduction of metronidazole was associated with a large reduction in TV among Victorian women in the 1960s. The subsequent availability of tinidazole and increased Pap smear screening may have contributed to the current low TV prevalence in Victoria.

Objectives: Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) is often used for research and may be easier and more accurate than vaginal swabs as a specimen collection method. Goal: The goal of this study was to compare (CVL) with vaginal swabs for the detection of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Study: CVL and vaginal swabs were collected from 216 HIV-infected women. Clinical assessments were made using wet mount for TV and Amsel's criteria for BV through CVL and swab collection methods. Laboratory gold standards used were Nugent's criteria for BV and InPouch (Biomed Diagnostics, San Jose, CA) culture for TV collected by swab. Results: The prevalence by gold standards for BV was 49.3% and for TV was 25.2%. Sensitivities for direct microscopy versus culture for TV were 72.2 for CVL and 52.8 for vaginal swab (P Conclusion: CVL was comparable to vaginal swabs as a specimen collection method for these 2 lower genital tract infectious and may be superior for the diagnosis of TV.

Objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted pathogen. Wet mount microscopy performs poorly compared with culture; however, universal screening using culture would be cost-prohibitive. Goal: The goal of this study was to develop a predictive model for wet mount-negative women who may benefit from targeted use of culture for T. vaginalis detection. Study: Women presenting for sexually transmitted disease evaluation were prospectively screened for trichomoniosis using wet mount and culture. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of culture-proven trichomoniasis among wet mount-negative women. Results: A total of 2194 women were screened for trichomoniasis; overall, the prevalence of T. vaginalis was 17.5%. Three predictors (any drug use, contact to trichomoniasis, and African-American race) provided the most specific model (100%); any 1 predictor, the most sensitive model (97.8%). Conclusions: Given the public health impact of trichomoniasis, we recommend using any 1 of 3 predictors to identify women who would benefit from targeted culture for T. vaginalis.