Search

We studied adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after haploidentical (n=192) and 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated donor (n=1982), transplantation. Data were obtained from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Haploidentical recipients received calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), mycophenolate and post-transplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis; 104 patients received myeloablative and 88, reduced intensity conditioning regimens. Matched unrelated donor transplant recipients received CNI with mycophenolate or methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis; 1245 patients received myeloablative and 737, reduced intensity conditioning regimens. In the myeloablative setting, day-30 neutrophil recovery was lower after haploidentical compared to matched unrelated donor transplants (90% versus 97%, p=0.02). Corresponding rates after reduced intensity conditioning transplants were 93% and 96%, (p=0.25). In the myeloablative setting, 3-month acute grade 2-4 (16% versus 33%, p<0.0001) and 3-year chronic GVHD (30% versus 53%, p<0.0001) were lower after haploidentical compared to matched unrelated donor transplants. Similar differences were observed after reduced intensity conditioning transplants, 19% versus 28%, (p=0.05) and 34% versus 52%, (p=0.002). Among patients receiving myeloablative regimens, 3-year probabilities of overall survival were 45% (95% CI 36-54) and 50% (95% CI 47-53) after haploidentical and matched unrelated donor transplants (p=0.38). Corresponding rates after reduced intensity conditioning transplants were 46% (95% CI 35-56) and 44% (95% CI 0.40-47) (p=0.71). Although statistical power is limited, these data suggests that survival for patients with AML after haploidentical transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide is comparable with matched unrelated donor transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]