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There are four major types of macro-evaluation on traffic safety traditionally adopted in China and overseas. However, as the number of influential factors of traffic safety increases, these evaluation methods are becoming less capable in practice. The introduction of Fuzzy Theory provides a new approach to this problem. This paper based on the traffic accident data of Shanghai and Suzhou has established a macro-evaluation model for assessing the safety performance of mixed transport modes, which include cars, motorcycles, gas motorcycles (LPG), electric bicycles and traditional bicycles. The model indicates that the safety performances of LPG, electric bicycles and traditional bicycles are much higher than that of cars and motorcycles. Electric bicycles and traditional bicycles have similar safety performances in the two cities. These findings set up a reference for the establisher of urban transport policies.

Over the past few years, intelligent compaction (IC) has been a focus of research, demonstration projects, and specification development in the United States. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has recently moved IC to national level implementation. Equipment manufacturers, individual state departments of transportation (DOTs), and the Technology Transfer for Intelligent Compaction Consortium (TTICC), a Transportation Pooled Fund, TPF-5(233) initiative, are also focusing on implementation efforts. What this paper does is describe the results of a series of workshops attended by more than 400 attendees—representing several state DOTs, FHWA, equipment manufacturers, and researchers—that contributed to a detailed roadmap identifying implementation needs and action items. A key outcome of these workshops was the development of a prioritized list initially created in 2008 and updated annually through 2012. This paper describes in greater detail how this list was developed and prioritized and how it has changed since it was initiated in 2008. Accompanying this list is a set of action items to overcome the various barriers identified.

The management and organization of a transfer station is a key characteristic and plays a decisive role in urban mass transit. This paper focuses on minimizing the transfer waiting time, so as to optimize the issue of synchronized and coordinated train connecting in a transfer station. In addition, three different influencing factors are summarized, including transfer forms, walking distance in the station and congestion degree of passenger flow. The relationships between these factors and transfer time are also revealed. Finally, this paper develops a model to obtain the minimum waiting time of transfer passengers in all of the transfer directions, laying a foundation of coordinating arrival time and departure time.

With the development of traffic motorization, urban traffic problems persist. In order to overcome traffic problems, it is imperative to develop a comprehensive bike-sharing system. However, the current bike-sharing system faces the challenges of site selection and determining the number of slots needed for rental stations. Therefore, this paper will take the bike-sharing system as its starting point and focuses on the layout of the stations. Based on the hierarchical model, an optimal model with capacity constraints for the system’s location is studied to minimize the walk cost for users, setup cost and penalties. With the model successfully solved by LINGO, this paper will also demonstrate the whole process of the planning with an instance that verifies the efficiency and feasibility of the model. The study’s results show the significance of optimizing the public bike rental station layout on solving the “last mile” problem.

In order to study the suitable conditions of different reform plans of separating trucks from the passenger vehicles and provide evidence and guidance for reforming the system of separating trucks from the passenger vehicles, this paper provides an index system, including delay, times of changing lanes, coefficient of speed variance and so on. What’s more, this paper carries out the analysis to this index system by applying the method of principle component analysis (PCA) and gets the selection and evaluation methods of reforming the system of trucks from the passenger vehicles. It confirms the effectiveness of the method by comparing it with the other methods, which are the mainstream in current through sequence-number summation theory. The results show that the method of PCA is more effective than other comprehensive evaluation methods when they are used to evaluate the efficiency of reforming the system of separating trucks from the passenger vehicles.

To improve the study of the system of separating trucks from passenger vehicles in China, this paper proposes a new vehicle classification. The results of simulation experiments tested the advantages of this new classification compared with the traditional classification on freeways. The new classification provides a scientific based vehicle classification for reforming the system of separating trucks from passenger vehicles. In this paper, through scientific argumentation, it presents a method for evaluating the system of separating trucks from passenger vehicles by comparing the indicators of average speed, delay, speed dispersion coefficient, and lane changing times, which provides the research idea for the evaluation of the system of separating trucks from passenger vehicles.

Passenger rail services provide many transfer route options, but it is difficult for a passenger to choose the best one to meet his travel need. This paper aims to develop a transfer route choice model for railway passengers that maximizes passenger utility, based on their income levels. First, the authors simplified the design of the passenger transfer service network according to the train time table, then established a passenger utility function; next, the authors extracted the problem of transfer options to the short path problem, based on the transfer service network. This paper analyzes travel time, travel cost, comfort level, and departure and arrival times. It uses a quantitative approach to measure each factor, and devises a transfer service choice model based on the utility maximization. The model algorithm is solved by the K-short-path. Finally, the model is proved feasible and effective using a real-world problem.

Being able to pinpoint locations on the roadway network that have abnormally high frequency of severe crashes is the first step in developing a strategic plan that ensures high returns on safety investments. This paper presents a refined two-step spatial screening method that can quickly narrow down statewide crash data into a few 0.25 -square-mile areas that have the highest crash frequencies or cost for a selected type crash. The locations identified after the 2-step process are small and specific enough to afford detailed crash causation analysis. The process is simple and intuitive and quickly reveals the spatial trends of the crashes. This paper illustrates the methodology using statewide crash data from Washington, with examples of identifying high value locations in total crashes, rural area crashes, crash costs, and crashes involving teenager drivers.

This paper will discuss managing international operations in a 25-year old facility while implementing construction projects to accommodate new Group VI aircraft, accepting new international carriers with corresponding passenger growth, maintaining and keeping the facilities up to operating standards and planning for capital development program to replace and improve the facilities. This paper will present the interface among operations, finance, safety, and development with corresponding challenges and techniques adopted and planned for to the satisfaction and sometimes not, of stakeholders. Within this context, a discussion of landside to airside including federal inspection services (FIS) and baggage operations will be presented focusing on findings and solutions.

Advances in measuring the intangible costs and benefits of transportation are being made but economic cost-benefit models used to analyze transportation infrastructure projects have not kept up. There are new benefit categories that existing transportation cost-benefit models do not include. One example is the benefit of travel time reliability. This paper summarizes the results of 30 studies of reliability and synthesizes them into a reliability ratio that can be used in transit cost-benefit analysis. By interpreting and standardizing reliability research the paper shows how cutting edge transportation research can be made available to engineering and planning professionals in their planning and design decisions. The value of reliability is implemented in a cost-benefit and risk analysis model and is freely available as a spreadsheet from the authors.

Driverless cars are coming. Driverless transit is already here in the form of driverless trains, people movers, and automated transit networks (ATN). This paper examines two different potential future scenarios. In the car-centric scenario, the mode split between cars and transit remains more or less static. In the transit-centric scenario, there is a strong swing to transit modes enabled mostly by ATN. The paper compares the two scenarios with regard to factors such as safety, capacity/congestion, infrastructure, severance, energy use, cost, greenhouse gases, walkability, and real estate. It suggests methodologies for determining which scenario is publically preferred and what might be done to help a preferred scenario emerge.

In 1991, the New York City Department of Ports and Trade was dissolved and the newly formed New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) assumed responsibility for many of the former’s functions. In addition, the jurisdiction for the City-owned waterfront properties was transferred by City Charter to the Department of Small Business Services (SBS) and many other agencies, decentralizing the management of the City’s waterfront infrastructure. Under contract to SBS, NYCEDC is tasked with managing this extensive portfolio. NYCEDC has actively managed their waterfront portfolio by developing a custom waterfront inspection manual as well as creating a comprehensive GIS-based map for the over 520 miles of coastline in the five boroughs to develop the inventory of structures. In addition to these important steps, NYCEDC developed a web-based marine planning application called the Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System (WFMMS) to manage the maintenance protocols for over 100 City-owned facilities throughout New York Harbor. While the WFMMS has many functions, it is essentially an asset management system assisting NYC to monitor and maintainof waterfront facilities, with the objective of providing the best possible service to the City. This paper discusses the history of the WFMMS, the current management program and protocols, waterfront data model (intimately tied to the GIS-based map), and the technology utilized to organize the extensive data. The paper highlights lessons learned in the application development, as the WFMMS is still being updated with additional modules to provide capabilities such as inter-agency use and consultant access for data entry.

This paper will discuss the challenges and opportunities the Port of Los Angeles (POLA) encountered during the design and construction of the South Wilmington Grade Separation, an approximately 4,660 linear foot structure consisting of mostly cast in place box girder over an existing container terminal and railroad tracks in the City of Los Angeles. The project reduces delays, increases safety, improves goods movement and provides access to the Wilmington Waterfront by eliminating an existing conflict between vehicular traffic and two railroad crossings. Many challenges were encountered during the design and construction of the project. The paper will not only discuss these challenges but also highlight the opportunities that arose as result of design and construction challenges encountered over ten years. In addition, the paper will summarize how project challenges were proactively managed into opportunities in order to ensure the project remained on schedule and within a project budget of $84 million.

In 2014, the Port of Portland embarked on a project to improve the Port’s seismic resiliency, including both the marine facilities (Terminals 4, 5 and 6) and Portland International Airport (PDX). Key hazards include ground shaking and the effects of soil liquefaction. The project team examined status quo seismic risks to the maritime facilities, airport buildings and runways. Seismic mitigation options and approximate mitigation costs were developed, and the team performed benefits/cost analysis. The economic risk assessment considered the Port as a critical resource for post-earthquake regional recovery. The options showing the highest benefit-to-cost ratios for the Port and the Region were identified, and the Port is developing a long-term implementation plan. This paper describes the project tasks and methods, and presents the conclusions and follow-up actions planned. For PDX, a program was devised to permit at least part of the airport to resume function quickly. For the marine facilities, targeted strengthening measures were devised for some berths, and replacement was recommended where retrofit is not feasible. A companion paper addresses engineering analyses (McMahon et al., 2016) of the seismic performance of the maritime facilities, with and without mitigation measures, in support of the risk analyses addressed herein. This project should encourage other public agencies for lifelines and utilities within Oregon and other seismically-active regions to pursue integrated seismic risk reduction measures.

Infrastructure upgrading projects in slum areas face a number of challenges that are not common to those of similar projects in planned areas. These challenges stem from (1) the heavily-congested and unplanned nature of a slum, which results in a series of logistical challenges; and (2) the fact that slum dwellers reside in and around the upgrading project sites, which raises the level of resistance to project execution. As such, slum infrastructure upgrading projects face high risks of prolonged project duration and increased construction costs. This paper focuses on sanitary networks upgrading projects in slum areas. In these projects, the unplanned nature of the slum is manifested in the undocumented variations in road widths and their steep slopes as well as the ever changing urban characteristics of the area. It is common, under such conditions, for contractors to be forced to use different construction methods. Furthermore, these projects are expected to face high levels of dwellers’ resistance because of the socioeconomic disturbance resulting from the construction activities. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes an automated heuristic-based planning model capable of prioritizing the upgrading phases and selecting the suitable construction methods to accelerate the delivery of service to slum dwellers. To this end, the model computes the rate of service delivery under different construction scenarios and hence accounts for the expected resistance in cases of late delivery. The model processes the urban characteristics of slum areas and topography data as well as the proposed sanitary network design in order to generate the optimal order of upgrading phases and the optimal selection of construction equipment. An application example is presented to demonstrate the use of the model and its capabilities.

Major construction projects are often constructed by dividing the project into smaller, more manageable segments. Managing these projects is a complex task due to risk and uncertainty. Many studies have proposed risk analysis frameworks to analyze the impact of risk on project outcomes. However, a limited study has addressed the effect of considering correlations on the cost-risk analysis frameworks. Capturing correlation between variables during the risk analysis process is an important, but a challenging task. This paper examines the impact of correlation between project phases/segments on total project cost. The Federal Highway Administrative cost-risk analysis framework was investigated. The correlation coefficient assessment was determined based on a comprehensive review of literature and several risk management frameworks used in transportation and transit sectors. The paper includes a case example that discusses the impact of correlation on the total project cost uncertainty in detail. The findings from this paper contribute to a construction risk analysis and management domain by showing the effect of considering correlation on the cost-risk analysis process. The results from this paper also help the highway industry to better manage their projects by performing a more accurate risk cost estimate.

Alternative project delivery methods (APDM) have become more widely used in all industry sectors. Although the infrastructure sector has lagged behind the building sector, transportation projects have considerably increased the use of APDMs in the past several years. The increased use of APDM has led to a preconceived perception of benefits when using delivery methods, such as design-build (DB) and construction manager at risk (CMAR), over traditional design-bid-build (DBB) delivery. This paper is the result of a study of more than 80 transportation project owners. It contributes to the industry’s understanding of APDM by analyzing the perceptions of owners on how each delivery method affects project success. The paper also provides a ranking of the factors that influence owners in the delivery method selection process. DBB, DB, and CMAR projects are analyzed using individual t-tests to determine the best delivery method to achieve a specific objective. Study results show owners are highly motivated by controlling cost and schedules for a project, as well as allocating risk appropriately. The paper presents an in-depth comparison of APDM using least significant difference intervals and multiple range tests to assess the significance of the perceptions of transportation project owners.

The World Bank indicated that inadequate infrastructure hinders local economic growth and competitiveness and it represents a major cause of quality of life loss. This research studied the proposal for a new multipurpose building at the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM) through a public-private partnership (PPP). The proposed building seeks to address several problems, including lack of parking spaces and flooding problems in the current parking site. The project proposed consists of a multi-story parking with approximately 960 new parking spaces. In addition, is proposed to build an underground pond to manage the storm-water and a new commercial space of 50,000 ft². Nevertheless, the decision-making is difficult and can be controversial because private initiatives are traditionally rejected by the community. The main objective of this paper is to study the delivery method options for the procurement of this infrastructure. Several options of PPPs were evaluated for the essential basic services. The decisions on whether a project is implemented as a PPP should depend on whether “value for money” (VFM) will be achieved. During the first phase of this research UPRM students had the opportunity to express preferences and concerns about possible rates for the use of the new parking. In order to identify current demand of parking space and campus necessities, 1,000 students were surveyed. The second phase of this study included the implementation of VFM calculation for the proposed multi-story parking building. A cost analysis with industry prices of design, build, operation, maintenance, and financial cost was also included on this study. Preliminary results showed that the students are willing to pay a fare for the use of this infrastructure, even though the existing parking space can be used for free. The construction budget was estimated to be close to $26M with a pay back of approximately 21 years. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by including community participation in procurement of infrastructure.

A business commute footprint is a significant factor related to buildings and infrastructure. Commute trips constitute a major portion of daily traffic; causing traffic congestion, travel delays, greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions, and traveler stress. In addition, daily commutes consume significant portions of traveler budgets and impacts traveler health. This paper presents the results of an exploratory pilot study performed at two universities, University of Colorado Denver and California State University, Fresno. In this pilot study, undergraduate students in four engineering classes completed a two-day travel survey eliciting their commute choices and preferences to and from campus. This paper presents the analysis and discussion of these survey results. It uncovers student commute patterns and explores preferences and potential incentives to understand commute travel mode values, concerns, and choices. Initial findings reveal high reliance on individual automobiles as well as highlight significant opportunities to optimize student commute footprints. These findings support additional publications, where a geographical information system (GIS) model is developed and integrated with an optimization model to identify the optimal selection of business commute alternatives (e.g., driving automobile, carpooling, using public transportation, biking) that minimize business commute footprint based on individualized commute incentives (e.g., monitory incentives, burned calories, saved commute time).

Emerging vehicle technologies foreshadow a world in which sensors and software will replace humans in the driver’s seat. Connected and autonomous vehicle technologies are no longer a question of “if” but rather of “how” implementation will impact future transportation. This paper explores the safety and operational impacts of connected and autonomous vehicles on future transportation. Safety impacts include enhanced awareness of surroundings, driving assistance, crash avoidance, and reduced human error. Operational impacts include reduced traffic congestion, improved mobility, optimized freight flow and traffic control, etc. The paper also describes the potential challenges and concerns related to system imperfection, cyber security, insurance, mixed traffic flow, and consumer perception. Furthermore, the paper discusses how these advances of technologies will impact the infrastructure of transportation systems and the transportation engineers and professionals that operate and manage them. It offers great insights into the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on future transportation.

As a result of enhanced safety measures in both highway and vehicle features, the number of highway crashes in the U.S. has been continuously decreasing in the past ten years in spite of the increasing vehicle miles traveled (VMT). However, the records showed that the fatal crashes at the roadway intersections have not decreased. A study was conducted to analyze the nighttime crashes at the roadway intersections in Indiana. This paper describes the methods utilized in the intersection crash analysis and presents the findings in terms of the effects of intersection lightings on travel safety. Two methods, the before-and-after method and the cross-sectional method, were applied to analyze the intersection crashes. The before-and-after method was used to analyze the crash patterns at the selected intersections with recorded crashes a few years before and after the lighting conditions changed. The cross-sectional method was used to examine the lighting effects with less detailed crash data of large number of intersections. This paper presents analysis process with the two methods and discuss the effects of intersection lighting on nighttime traffic safety.

Local governments in Taiwan and the Ministry of Transportation and Communication actively plan new bus routes to fill the gap of transit services with the aim to increase the public transportation’s market sharing rate. The Institute of Transportation have used transit big data to develop the “Transit Service Assessment System (TSAS)” which is used to assist government’s evaluation on the performance of transit routes. The objective of this paper is applying TSAS, big data and transit demands data to develop a methodology for planning and designing a cost and service efficient transit network. In this paper, a new bus route generating model is proposed by integrating an existing bus network with real demand data from Hsinchu County. The result of this paper shows that the proposed methodology can increase 12.38% of the service rate and decrease 7.52% costs.

The paper discusses a vision for how the parallel development paths of automated roadway vehicle (AV) and connected roadway vehicle (CV) technologies, and automated guideway transit technology will evolve into a demand-responsive, fully autonomous transit service. The paper provides insight into the initial applications of AV/CV technology to transit service, primarily within semi-protected transitways and controlled environments such as campus settings and high occupancy vehicle (HOV)/managed lanes. Long term implications for fixed facilities and system operations are discussed. Overall long term considerations of aerial and at-grade transitway design, station site and facilities configurations, and maintenance facility layouts are conceptually assessed. Operating concepts for transit systems of automated and connected, driverless roadway transit vehicles are discussed, as well as the necessity of advanced simulations necessary to analyze the complex operations.

The Detroit People Mover opened in 1987 and it was intended to be the downtown distributor for a proposed $600 million city and metro-wide rail transit system. This paper provides a brief history of transit in Detroit, development of the People Mover, its operations and challenges, and explores its future role as the Detroit M-1 light rail transit is completed. The paper also reviews the U.S. government downtown people mover (DPM) program of that era and the role that the Ontario government had in the development of automated guideway transit systems through its GO-Urban plans for Hamilton, Ottawa, and Toronto, and the formation of the urban transportation development corporation (UTDC). Although the GO-Urban project was abandoned, automated guideway systems developed by the UTDC were built in Scarborough (a Toronto suburb), Vancouver (the SkyTrain), and Detroit. It is a fascinating story that connects Canada with the Detroit People Mover.

In 2013, the European Commission granted substantial funds of the Commission’s Seventh Research Framework Program FP7 to the NGTC Project Consortium, consisting of numerous representative members from European Railways and associated institutions, the railway supply industry, urban mass transit operators and associated organizations, and railway research institutions. The objective of the NGTC research project is to prepare a set of specifications and analyses for a future train control system that shall support better re-utilization of major constituents in mainline railway applications as well as in urban mass transit applications. Significant challenges for the project come from the requirement that the proposed modular architecture shall be on the one side backward compatible to the existing European rail traffic management system (ERTMS) Baseline 3, and on the other side introduce common train control modules that may be used in highest performance unmanned train operation (UTO) urban mass transit applications. At the time of paper drafting, all working packages have started. Some are sufficiently advanced to being reported and discussed in this paper in the context of APMs. This paper is an introduction into the NGTC functional and safety architecture and the application of 4th/5th generation radio transmission systems for future virtual block architectures.

The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the challenges involved in integrating a smart vehicle into a modern environment, and to ensure the vehicle is current at delivery and will stay current for years to come. The management approach to this task will be agile regarding the hardware and software integration. Agile is an iterative, incremental method of managing the design and build activities for engineering, information technology, and other business areas to provide new product or service development in a flexible and interactive manner. The challenge is to be flexible, and yet to follow industry standards specified to deliver quality systems. In this paper, the authors will discuss a high level approach to hardware and software integration, and contract management skills required to be successful in this dynamic and rapidly changing environment where as an example they will use the current vehicle procurement of Miami-Dade County.

Automated people mover (APM) systems have been widely used as reliable passenger transport in airports around the world. They provide efficient services between airport terminals and other facilities. Monorails are widely known as transport solutions for large amusement parks because of their excellent aesthetic appeal. However, both APMs and monorails are also very suitable for urban applications. Their unique features, such as small curve radii and low noise levels, make them excellent transit solutions for urban settings, especially for some cities that have unique challenges along the alignments. This paper provides an overview of the urban applications of APMs and monorails. It talks about the features and advantages that make monorails and APMs ideal for some urban applications. It discusses why cities should consider monorails and APMs as a part of their urban transportation solutions. This paper also discusses recent market trends in terms of application of monorails and APMs in urban settings using some examples.

On account of many unpredictable factors, modification of contract during project construction is almost inevitable. At present, the contract modification management is inefficiency, leading to high change frequency and high cost. In this paper, a simulation model of stochastic petri nets systems is built to analyze the contract modification process of construction project, current process of mechanical and electrical installation contract modification in Guangzhou metro is taken as a case study. According to quantitative analysis and simulation results, this paper finds that the bottleneck problems of modification process lay in these three areas: modification files writing by construction organization, supervising engineer’s review, and sponsoring department’s review. Taking the average process efficiency into consideration, the authors suggest that optimized objects and factors focus on sponsoring department who should improve the efficiency of approval process in change review meetings and timely adjustments for changes in cost, to improve management lever of metro construction.

It is an important task that compiling operative plans of turn-back stations in surveying, designing and operating urban rail transit projects. The quality of operative plans not only has direct effects on the results of operation management, but also reflects the rationality of turn-back station’s layouts. This paper transforms the problem of trains connection in station operative plans into spliced network planning of trains with many constraints and objective functions. Based on the Windows environment, using object-oriented language Visual C++ 6.0, this paper develops the Rail Transit Station Operative Plans Compiling and Simulation System with Trains Traction Calculation. It can achieve the goal that standardized management, fine simulation and optimization, provide technical support and decision-making reference for the surveying, designing and operation departments in urban rail transit.

The urban rail transit system in Chinese metropolis is developing into the network operation and structure optimization stage. With the high frequency of Critical equipment failure, equipment intelligent maintenance management needs highlighted. The paper puts forward a method of the evaluation of critical equipment health status in urban rail transit signal system with the needs of overhaul line in Shanghai urban rail transit. The method introduces the equipment service safety concept and defines the health status. Then the paper builds the multi-layer hierarchical structure model of equipment health status combining with considering the multi-dimensional influence factors of signal system equipment such as physical characteristics, economic characteristics and technical characteristics. Finally, the technical process of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of equipment health status is put forward. While take the switch which is the critical equipment of urban rail traffic signal system as an example to validate the proposed approach. The results show that the assessment consequence of the proposed method is consistent with the realistic expectations. The method can provide the reference for the diagnosis of hazard factors in service safety while quantitatively analyzing the equipment serving safety level.

Containerization and multimodal transport are the development direction of railway cold-chain transportation. The increasing market demand also put new requirements on railway cold-chain transportation. The fact that China is a country covering vast territory with backward cold-chain transport equipment restricts the range of railway refrigerated freight transport. Therefore railway cold-chain transportation lost its comparative advantage that combined large freight volume and long transport distance. For solving this problem, railway transportation department uses 45ft integrated diesel-electric refrigerated container as cold-chain carrier, at the same time, adopts stop and refueling strategies in transit to extent continuous refrigerating time. Due to China’s railway cold-chain transportation is still in early stages, the location of gas stations along the route is uncertain and the refueling plan is lack of scientificity, the efficiency of railway refrigerated container transportation can be improved obviously. For extending the depth of railway cold-chain transportation and promoting the development of containerization and multimodal transport, this paper considers the features of railway cold-chain transportation in China and the method of using 45ft integrated diesel-electric refrigerated container. By setting the minimum cost as the objective function and involve other constraint condition in railway cold-chain transportation, this paper gives a optimization plan of refrigerated container refueling strategies in transit based on dynamic programming. Based on the research results on optimization plan, railway transportation department can reduce the time of refueling-stop and number of gas station which are unnecessary to reduce the cost of railway container freight station building, improve the efficiency and quality of railway cold-chain transportation.

This paper intends to establish a production control and safety management system for the passenger transportation depot to improve the level of information. First of all this paper analyzes the necessity and significance of the system. On the bases, describes the design objectives and design range of the system. And then this paper designs the overall structure of the system, proposes the logical architecture and technical architecture program of the system, and then designs the system network solution. Finally this paper carries out a detailed functional design of the system, and the system is divided into two subsystems, the command center subsystems and safety management subsystem, and both of the two subsystems’ functional modules are designed in detail.

With the development of China’s economy and transportation industries, high-speed railway continues to grow in strength in recent years, as the command center of high-speed trains operation, high-speed railway dispatching system plays an important role in ensuring the safety, high-speed and punctuality of trains. By using structural entropy evaluation theory, this paper analyzes the influence of the information flow within the system of three kinds of high-speed railway dispatching system: the whole way centralized dispatching mode, the region concentrated secondary mode and the trunk line (passage) secondary mode. This paper evaluates the ability of information transfer of the three command system modes from the perspective of time-effect, quality and order degree of information transfer, and puts forward the time-effect and quality analysis model of the information flow within the three command modes, and makes a quantitative evaluation of time-effect, quality and order degree of the system.

Nowadays the process of urbanization in China is rapid, so the demand of city-to-city transportation or downtown-to-suburb transportation is massively increasing. The traditional ways of passenger transportation cannot meet the passengers’ requirements gradually and have some related safety problems. So this paper put forward the concept and the definition of long-distance passenger transportation based on highway network. At the same time this paper analyze the long-distance passenger transportation’s advantages and disadvantages qualitatively and quantitatively by the SWOT-AHP method. The authors also found that the lack of theory support is the main disadvantage of long-distance passenger transportation based on highway network while it also confronts the strong competition of high-speed railway transportation, however the advantages like higher comfort level and higher coverage rate still demonstrate its development potential. The competitiveness of long-distance passenger transportation will be enhanced during its rapid developing if its advantages are strengthened.

In recent years, the community bus that plays an essential role in public transit system in metropolises has achieved rapid development domestically. It is on the premise that the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of passenger-flow are confirmed, a proper network planning and operation program is about to make. In this paper, an analytical method for community bus demand is put forward based on Smart-card data and GPS data of public transit. The index of passenger-flow could be calculated, including passenger-flow volume of line section and station through correlation analysis of data. Through data mining of passengers’ records, the difference of passengers demand is analyzed between community bus and Conventional bus. Also, taking the community bus data in Chengdu as example, this paper has verified the rationality and applicability of this method.

The construction of urban synthesis, which combines business, working, living, dining and entertainment in an overall, is an important part of China's urbanization process. The urban synthesis needs to provide enough parking lots to meet the rigid parking demand and the elastic parking demand, etc. Based on the principle that the parking demand of commerce and working alternates with living and the limitation of the surrounding road network’s capacity, this paper puts forward calculation model of variable parking lots. By applying it into a case about the calculation of a new urban synthesis’ parking lots, this paper finds out that the prediction result of calculation model of variable parking lots is obviously smaller than that of traditional calculation method, which further shows the new calculation model has some kind of reference and guiding meaning when reasonably determining the number of a urban synthesis’ parking lots.

This paper is based on the analysis of the rail freight demand and problems, by conducting SP survey for the owner of the demand in the freight market and using cluster analysis to segment the freight market to obtain differentiated needs of each owner. And combining product hierarchy theory, this paper analyzes the design elements of frail freight products. Finally, from the perspective of the unitized rail transport product, the paper analysis three kinds of modes of transportation, including truckload, LTL, container transport, and designs and develops the form of the rail freight transport products on the internet of things. This research considering the characteristics of railways and the market demands to create some unitized transport products in the application environment of the internet of things, which is personalized, diversified, and meeting the needs of shippers.

Different from traditional safety studies which focus on the probability of accidents, inherent safety research takes one step further to judge the possibility of the inherent hazards. The method in the paper is necessary to analyze the risk of the urban road, especially it is necessary to avoid the traffic conflict or traffic accident’s occurrence on the aspect of the source. This paper built an evaluation index based on the inherent safety principle. The evaluation index consists of inherent people safety, inherent automobile safety, inherent road safety and inherent environment safety, and each aspect contains sub-indexes. Finally, the paper will quantify evaluation index which influence the traffic safety by the extension evaluation model. Based on the evaluation results, it was found that the traffic safety evaluation based on inherent safety is more reasonable and valuable.

This paper analyzes accident characteristics from several factors like accident type, reason, environment and crash part by reporting in-depth accident that involved minibus passenger injured of China in-depth accident study program (CIDAS). The paper uses PC-CRASH simulation software, sets the minibus simulation model and gets the equivalent collision speed by simulation. Then the relationship between equivalent collision speed, maximum deformation, collision overlap, passenger injury and frontal structure safety of minibus are analyzed. By analyzing opposite collision vehicle type, deformation characteristic of minibus and structural failure of minibus passenger cabin deformation of frontal collision, the characteristics of structural failure of minibus are studied. Finally, the paper compares the minibus accident cases and China passenger vehicle frontal impact occupant protection regulation of equivalent collision speed and collision overlap, analyzes the different between test factors of regulation and statistics of real accident, and give the improving opinion for passenger vehicle frontal impact occupant protection regulation.

The paper has analyzed the performance characteristics of motor vehicles which turn left from minor road approach systematically, and has studied characteristics of speed variation and various impacting factors for left-turning vehicles from minor road approach, using statistical methods. Theory analysis of the performance of left-turning vehicles has been carried out and has been verified by using data collected in the field. Forecast models for acceleration of left-turning motor vehicles from minor road approach have been constructed and impacts upon traffic safety have also been discussed. Results of the paper can be used to analyze traffic performance of motor vehicles making left-turn movements from minor road approach at non-signalized at-grade intersections. They are also helpful for the analysis of traffic safety at those locations.

Public transportation companies generally establish a scheduling command center, and gradually develop the mode of cluster scheduling in large-sized and medium-sized cities in China. Realizing the mode of “multiple lines and a scheduling center” is one of the advantages of cluster scheduling so that it can improve the utilization of transport capacity resources. Based on the background, the paper studies a method of cross-line timetable coordinated optimization under cross-line buses with single depot, the synchronization timetable model of which not only considers the decrease of the total passengers’ time cost, including the time cost of cross-line transfer passengers and non-cross-line waiting passengers, but also optimizes the buses’ arriving time and buses’ departure time in order to facilitate to link up the different trips. In addition, the paper established a model of seamless transfer timetable, which effectively reduces the waiting time and the cross-line transfer walking distance of cross-line transfer passengers.

In the process of subway station construction, many large construction equipments are placed in a narrow area where the operations are highly dense and the equipments have to carry heavy load and move or rotate in a broader space. In addition, there are tall equipments carrying out aerial operation. Some construction equipments are placed in limited underground space. These special conditions bring extremely high risks to subway station construction. This paper probes into (1) the application of BIM in summarizing and dynamically managing all the information and data in the process of construction; and (2) the installation of GPS receiver OEM board on large, high-risk construction equipments, the utilization of GIS and GPS data in dynamic management of three-dimensional geographic spatial location information of machineries and the visualized management of all data and information. In addition, this paper analyzes the risks related to large construction equipments and neighboring buildings and controlling methods. In this paper, the author suggests to integrate GIS, GPS and BIM to develop construction early warning and risk management systems so as to dynamically monitor the conflict risks among cranes, drilling machines, excavators, loaders and dumpers, the risks of collision between equipments and neighboring buildings and the risks of deformation and structure damage of foundation pits and retaining walls. Lastly, this paper analyzes the functional needs of the early warning and management system, which provides a theoretical reference for the development and implementation of this system.

Passenger transfer volume size determines the construction scale and transfer mode of urban comprehensive hub. From the factors which influence passengers to transfer to analysis the transfer requirements of large-scale comprehensive passenger transport hub, the main factors influencing the passenger transfer mode selection characteristics can be summarized as traffic modes, the traveler characteristics and travel characteristics from three aspects. This paper compares the traditional urban comprehensive passenger transport hub with a new mode of urban comprehensive passenger transport hub in transfer type, concluded the transfer mode of comprehensive passenger transport hub and function are more diverse. The transfer between the internal and external transportation hub is actually the choice of transportation problem, it’s the key point of hub transfer volume prediction. This paper considers the transfer influence factors of different people and presents a simple prediction function.

High-speed railway transport organization mode is very important for transport operation plan formulation, the improvement of transport efficiency, economic and social benefits. The determination of transport organization mode under high-speed railway network has become a urgent problem need to be addressed with the high-speed railway network gradually constituting in China. This paper gives the definition of transport organization mode based on analyzing the connotation of high-speed railway network transport organization mode. And this paper introduces the influence factors and basic principles of transport organization mode under high-speed railway network. Analyzing the types and characteristics of domestic and foreign high-speed railway transport organization mode, putting forward four types of transport organization mode under high-speed railway network, which are “various speed trains share the same line, one-line and over-line trains share the same line, trains with different stop schedule plans share the same line, trains with various characters share the same line”.

Based on the theory of activity-based costing, this paper studies the detail cost composition and cost behavior of railway freight transportation enterprise. According to the analysis, this paper purposes an advanced activity-based costing theory. Firstly, it analyzes the exact process of transportation operations. Then, it divides the cost elements into the related cost centers. At last, based on the cost centers, this theory allocates the cost elements into specific processes. Finally, this paper puts forward the calculation steps.

Set the speed control humps scientifically, both from the reminder and to decelerate purpose, effective protection of urban road traffic safety. The paper describes the function of speed humps’ reducing accidents. Basing on the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign studies of speed humps, it further analyzes the influencing factors of deceleration zone’s speed limit effect and a preliminary method of setting humanized speed humps is proposed. Finally, the paper chooses a selection from student apartment area 1 to area 2 in Qishan campus of Fuzhou University as an example to analyze decelerating effect of speed humps on all types of vehicles and conclude the relationship between the speed limit effect of deceleration and vehicle speed, some suggestions of setting speed humps are put forward.

The short-time crash risk measurement on the freeway has been catching much attention of government and management authorities. Due to recent advanced development in information systems and traffic sensor technologies, the real-time crash prediction models are getting more practicality. Critically, crash frequency analysis is the most important step for traffic safety studies. The paper makes two major contributions. Firstly, a multi-level Bayesian framework has been researched to identify risk factors towards the urban expressway by modeling unprocessed traffic data and roadway geometric topology data. Secondly, the paper utilized Bayesian belief net to build the real-time crash prediction model for the basic freeway segments. The objective is to predict the formation probability of a hazardous traffic condition in 4-9 minutes in a 250-meter-long freeway road section. Results obtained can be used for the urban freeway management departments to understand the risk factors and take immediate actions in advance to avoid traffic accidents on the freeway.

As to improve road traffic safety and traffic efficiency, this paper focused on the study of highway traffic safety facilities. By investigating the currently basic application of highway traffic safety facilities, combining with the traffic accidents statistics and the setting regulation of highway traffic safety facilities, the problems of each kind of safety facilities were described in detail. Result shows that the main problems existing is caused by the lack of traffic safety facilities and unreasonable traffic safety facilities’ setting. Finally, this paper analyses the causes of the problems from the planning, design, construction and maintenance management of highway safety facilities and puts forward the improvement measures.

Intelligent transportation system, as a new technology and management system, has been a hotspot and frontier in the traffic research. In addition to the application of intelligent transportation system in road traffic, waterborne, aviation, it also played a huge role in the “high security, high efficiency, high service quality” railway transportation, the railway intelligent transportation system (RTIS). Paper starts from the connotation and essential characteristics of railway intelligent transportation system, and its core technology, development model and strategy, then analyses the main body by the user, the service main body, service framework, logic framework, physical framework and economic and technical evaluation of several parts of the system framework of railway intelligent transportation system theory. Then, the authors analysis foreign railway intelligent transportation system from the aspects of improving the service quality, enhancing the safety of railway transportation, and improving the efficiency of railway transport. After that, the paper introduces the application technology of railway intelligent transportation system in the domestic, such as the transportation management information system, train dispatch and command management information system, automatic train identification system and railway ticketing and reservation system. Finally, the authors combine with the application and development of domestic and foreign railway intelligent transportation system and the analysis of the future vision of rationality in order to meeting the needs of different users and play its biggest role.

For the problems with driver’s dissatisfaction about cruise and parking in indoor parking, this paper provides some solutions. First, this paper analyzes the current problem of the indoor parking guidance system and the superiority of variable message sign for real-time berth guidance, and then the specific design focuses on the setting mode, location and layout of variable message signs. Finally, taking Dalian Ansheng Shopping Plaza Underground Parking for instance, this paper designs real-time berth guidance information of variable message signs and solves the problem of real-time berth guidance when the optimal berth was occupied.