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The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of normal human blood cells against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the release of incorporated [3H]uridine. Sera from patients with chronic Chagas' disease were used to sensitize the parasites to the lytic activity of the effector cells. Different steps of peripheral blood cell purification were employed, and different cell subpopulations were tested as effectors in the system. The main cytotoxic activity was detected in the granulocyte-rich fraction.