18 results on '"Kamihira, S."'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of susceptibility of gram-positive and -negative bacteria to human defensins by using radial diffusion assay
- Author
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Takemura, H, primary, Kaku, M, additional, Kohno, S, additional, Hirakata, Y, additional, Tanaka, H, additional, Yoshida, R, additional, Tomono, K, additional, Koga, H, additional, Wada, A, additional, Hirayama, T, additional, and Kamihira, S, additional
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Standardization of Quantitative PCR for Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Japan: a Collaborative Study.
- Author
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Kuramitsu M, Okuma K, Yamochi T, Sato T, Sasaki D, Hasegawa H, Umeki K, Kubota R, Sobata R, Matsumoto C, Kaneko N, Naruse I, Yamagishi M, Nakashima M, Momose H, Araki K, Mizukami T, Mizusawa S, Okada Y, Ochiai M, Utsunomiya A, Koh KR, Ogata M, Nosaka K, Uchimaru K, Iwanaga M, Sagara Y, Yamano Y, Satake M, Okayama A, Mochizuki M, Izumo S, Saito S, Itabashi K, Kamihira S, Yamaguchi K, Watanabe T, and Hamaguchi I
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Tumor, DNA, Viral genetics, HTLV-I Infections genetics, HTLV-I Infections virology, Humans, Japan, Jurkat Cells, Leukemia, T-Cell genetics, Leukemia, T-Cell virology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Proviruses genetics, Virus Integration genetics, DNA, Viral analysis, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction standards, Viral Load genetics
- Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was used to assess the amount of HTLV-1 provirus DNA integrated into the genomic DNA of host blood cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that a high proviral load is one of the risk factors for the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. However, interlaboratory variability in qPCR results makes it difficult to assess the differences in reported proviral loads between laboratories. To remedy this situation, we attempted to minimize discrepancies between laboratories through standardization of HTLV-1 qPCR in a collaborative study. TL-Om1 cells that harbor the HTLV-1 provirus were serially diluted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to prepare a candidate standard. By statistically evaluating the proviral loads of the standard and those determined using in-house qPCR methods at each laboratory, we determined the relative ratios of the measured values in the laboratories to the theoretical values of the TL-Om1 standard. The relative ratios of the laboratories ranged from 0.84 to 4.45. Next, we corrected the proviral loads of the clinical samples from HTLV-1 carriers using the relative ratio. As expected, the overall differences between the laboratories were reduced by half, from 7.4-fold to 3.8-fold on average, after applying the correction. HTLV-1 qPCR can be standardized using TL-Om1 cells as a standard and by determining the relative ratio of the measured to the theoretical standard values in each laboratory., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
4. Efficacy of clarithromycin against experimentally induced pneumonia caused by clarithromycin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in mice.
- Author
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Nakamura S, Yanagihara K, Araki N, Yamada K, Morinaga Y, Izumikawa K, Seki M, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- Animals, Bronchioles drug effects, Bronchioles immunology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Chemokine CXCL2 metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial physiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Haemophilus Infections immunology, Haemophilus Infections microbiology, Haemophilus influenzae physiology, Humans, Interleukin-1beta metabolism, Male, Mice, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Neutrophils drug effects, Neutrophils immunology, Pneumonia immunology, Pneumonia microbiology, Pulmonary Alveoli drug effects, Pulmonary Alveoli immunology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Clarithromycin pharmacology, Clarithromycin therapeutic use, Haemophilus Infections drug therapy, Haemophilus influenzae drug effects, Pneumonia drug therapy
- Abstract
Clarithromycin is a 14-member lactone ring macrolide with potent activity against Haemophilus influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of clarithromycin at 40 mg/day and 100 mg/day for 3 days in the treatment of a murine model of pneumonia using a macrolide-resistant H. influenzae strain, which was also ampicillin resistant. The MIC of clarithromycin was 64 microg/ml. The viable bacterial counts in infected tissues after treatment with 100 mg clarithromycin/kg of body weight were lower than the counts obtained in control and 40-mg/kg clarithromycin-treated mice. The concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from mice treated at both concentrations were lower than in the control group. Pathologically, following infection, clarithromycin-treated mice, particularly at a dose of 100 mg/kg, showed lower numbers of neutrophils in alveolar walls, and inflammatory changes had apparently improved, whereas large aggregates of inflammatory cells were observed within the alveoli of control mice. In addition, we demonstrated that clarithromycin has bacteriological effects against intracellular bacteria at levels below the MIC. Our results indicate that clarithromycin may be useful in vivo for macrolide-resistant H. influenzae, and this phenomenon may be related to the good penetration of clarithromycin into bronchoepithelial cells. We also believe that conventional drug susceptibility tests may not reflect the in vivo effects of clarithromycin.
- Published
- 2010
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5. In vitro activity of garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants with characterized resistance mechanisms.
- Author
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Yamamoto K, Yanagihara K, Sugahara K, Imamura Y, Seki M, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Hirakata Y, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- DNA Gyrase genetics, DNA Gyrase physiology, DNA Topoisomerases genetics, DNA Topoisomerases physiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial drug effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Fluoroquinolones pharmacology, Mutation genetics, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics
- Abstract
We evaluated the potency of garenoxacin in selecting resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants by determining its mutant prevention concentration, using strains with and without topoisomerase gene mutations, and compared its potency to that of other quinolones. Garenoxacin had a significantly greater potency against pneumococci, including strains containing topoisomerase mutations. Genetic analysis of the S. pneumoniae mutants created by garenoxacin revealed that the gyrA gene was a primary target of garenoxacin.
- Published
- 2009
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6. Melting curve analysis for rapid detection of topoisomerase gene mutations in Haemophilus influenzae.
- Author
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Nakamura S, Yanagihara K, Morinaga Y, Izumikawa K, Seki M, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacterial Proteins genetics, DNA Gyrase genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Quinolones pharmacology, DNA Topoisomerase IV genetics, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Haemophilus influenzae enzymology, Haemophilus influenzae genetics, Mutation, Transition Temperature
- Abstract
We established a real-time PCR assay with melting curve analysis to rapidly genotype quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrase A and topoisomerase IV genes in Haemophilus influenzae. This assay is a useful tool for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance and for the early detection of preexisting QRDR mutations.
- Published
- 2009
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- View/download PDF
7. Rapid identification of penicillin and macrolide resistance genes and simultaneous quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae in purulent sputum samples by use of a novel real-time multiplex PCR assay.
- Author
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Fukushima KY, Yanagihara K, Hirakata Y, Sugahara K, Morinaga Y, Kohno S, and Kamihira S
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- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, Humans, Macrolides pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillins pharmacology, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics, Suppuration microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial methods, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Sputum microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
- Abstract
We evaluated a real-time quantitative PCR combined with a multiplex PCR assay for the quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the simultaneous detection of drug-resistant genes by gel-based PCR, using purulent sputum samples. This assay correctly quantified S. pneumoniae and identified their penicillin and erythromycin susceptibilities directly from samples within 3 h.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Potency of SMP-601, a novel carbapenem, in hematogenous murine bronchopneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus.
- Author
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Kihara R, Yanagihara K, Morinaga Y, Araki N, Nakamura S, Seki M, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Yamamoto Y, Tsukamoto K, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacokinetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Blood-Borne Pathogens, Bronchopneumonia drug therapy, Bronchopneumonia microbiology, Bronchopneumonia mortality, Bronchopneumonia pathology, Carbapenems pharmacokinetics, Carbapenems therapeutic use, Colony Count, Microbial, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Male, Mice, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal microbiology, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal mortality, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal pathology, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Treatment Outcome, Vancomycin Resistance, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Carbapenems pharmacology, Methicillin Resistance, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Vancomycin pharmacology
- Abstract
We compared the potency of SMP-601, a novel carbapenem, with that of vancomycin in a murine model of hematogenous bronchopneumonia infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). The MICs of SMP-601 and vancomycin against MRSA were 2 and 1 mug/ml, respectively, while those against VISA were 2 and 8 mug/ml, respectively. Treatment with SMP-601 resulted in a significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria in the MRSA infection model (control, 100 mg/kg vancomycin, and 100 mg/kg SMP-601, 8.42 +/- 0.50, 5.29 +/- 0.71, and 5.50 +/- 0.58 log CFU/lung, respectively,) and in the VISA infection model (control, 100 mg/kg vancomycin, and 100 mg/kg SMP-601, 9.64 +/- 0.63, 8.72 +/- 0.45, 7.42 +/- 0.14 log CFU/lung) (mean +/- standard error of the mean). The survival rate in the VISA infection model treated with SMP-601 (70%) was significantly higher than those in the other two groups (20% for vancomycin and 0% for control; P < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that inflammatory changes in the SMP-601-treated group were less marked than in the other two groups. The results of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis supported the results of the bacteriological, histopathological and survival studies. Our results demonstrate the potency of SMP-601 against MRSA and VISA in murine hematogenous pulmonary infection.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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9. Rapid screening of topoisomerase gene mutations by a novel melting curve analysis method for early warning of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae emergence.
- Author
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Fukushima KY, Hirakata Y, Sugahara K, Yanagihara K, Kondo A, Kohno S, and Kamihira S
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Genotype, Humans, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae enzymology, Transition Temperature, DNA Topoisomerases genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Fluoroquinolones pharmacology, Mutation, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Streptococcus pneumoniae genetics
- Abstract
We developed a real-time PCR assay combined with melting curve analysis for rapidly genotyping quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of topoisomerase genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae. This assay was not only accurate for the screening of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance but also relevant as an early warning system for detecting preexisting single QRDR mutations.
- Published
- 2006
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10. A novel alternative splicing isoform of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 bZIP factor (HBZ-SI) targets distinct subnuclear localization.
- Author
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Murata K, Hayashibara T, Sugahara K, Uemura A, Yamaguchi T, Harasawa H, Hasegawa H, Tsuruda K, Okazaki T, Koji T, Miyanishi T, Yamada Y, and Kamihira S
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Artificial Gene Fusion, Base Sequence, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors chemistry, Biological Transport, Blotting, Western, Cell Line, Tumor, Green Fluorescent Proteins analysis, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Humans, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Isoforms chemistry, Protein Isoforms genetics, Protein Isoforms metabolism, Retroviridae Proteins, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Proteins chemistry, Alternative Splicing, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors genetics, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors metabolism, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 genetics, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA, Viral metabolism, Viral Proteins genetics, Viral Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is associated with prior infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1); however, the mechanism by which HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia has not been fully elucidated. Recently, a functional basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein coded in the minus strand of HTLV-1 genome (HBZ) was identified. We report here a novel isoform of the HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ), HBZ-SI, identified by means of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in conjunction with 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). HBZ-SI is a 206-amino-acid-long protein and is generated by alternative splicing between part of the HBZ gene and a novel exon located in the 3' long terminal repeat of the HTLV-1 genome. Consequently, these isoforms share >95% amino acid sequence identity, and differ only at their N termini, indicating that HBZ-SI is also a functional protein. Duplex RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that the mRNAs of these isoforms were expressed at equivalent levels in all ATL cell samples examined. Nonetheless, we found by Western blotting that the HBZ-SI protein was preferentially expressed in some ATL cell lines examined. A key finding was obtained from the subcellular localization analyses of these isoforms. Despite their high sequence similarity, each isoform was targeted to distinguishable subnuclear structures. These data show the presence of a novel isoform of HBZ in ATL cells, and in addition, shed new light on the possibility that each isoform may play a unique role in distinct regions in the cell nucleus.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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11. Virulence of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo.
- Author
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Aoki S, Hirakata Y, Kondoh A, Gotoh N, Yanagihara K, Miyazaki Y, Tomono K, Yamada Y, Kohno S, and Kamihira S
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- Animals, Bacteremia drug therapy, Bacteremia microbiology, Ceftazidime therapeutic use, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Cilastatin therapeutic use, Ciprofloxacin therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Imipenem therapeutic use, Leukopenia complications, Leukopenia microbiology, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Protease Inhibitors therapeutic use, Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics, Stem Cells, Thienamycins therapeutic use, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolism, Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity, beta-Lactamases metabolism
- Abstract
We evaluated the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying bla(IMP), a metallo-beta-lactamase gene, and the efficacy of ceftazidime, imipenem-cilastatin, and ciprofloxacin in the endogenous bacteremia model. The presence of bla(IMP) did not practically change the virulence of the parent strain, and ciprofloxacin was effective against infection with P. aeruginosa carrying bla(IMP).
- Published
- 2004
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12. 5'-long terminal repeat-selective CpG methylation of latent human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 provirus in vitro and in vivo.
- Author
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Koiwa T, Hamano-Usami A, Ishida T, Okayama A, Yamaguchi K, Kamihira S, and Watanabe T
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- Base Sequence, Carrier State virology, Cell Line, DNA, Viral metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, HTLV-I Infections virology, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 genetics, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Molecular Sequence Data, Proviruses physiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, CpG Islands physiology, DNA Methylation, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 metabolism, Proviruses metabolism, Terminal Repeat Sequences physiology, Virus Latency
- Abstract
CpG methylation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) has been implicated in proviral latency, but there is presently little information available regarding the pattern of LTR methylation and its effect on viral gene expression. To gain insight into the mechanisms of HTLV-1 latency, we have studied methylation of individual CpG sites in the U3-R region of the integrated proviral LTR by using bisulfite genomic sequencing methods. Surprisingly, our results reveal selective hypermethylation of the 5' LTR and accompanying hypomethylation of the 3' LTR in both latently infected cell lines and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells having a complete provirus. Moreover, we observed a lack of CpG methylation in the LTRs of 5'-defective proviruses recovered from ATL samples, which is consistent with the selective hypomethylation of the 3' LTR. Thus, the integrated HTLV-1 provirus in these carriers appears to be hypermethylated in the 5' LTR and hypomethylated in the 3' LTR. These results, together with the observation that proviral gene expression is reactivated by 5-azacytidine in latently infected cell lines, indicate that selective hypermethylation of the HTLV-1 5' LTR is common both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, hypermethylation of the 5' LTR appears to be an important mechanism by which HTLV-1 gene expression is repressed during viral latency.
- Published
- 2002
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13. In vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR3647), a new ketolide, against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Japan.
- Author
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Yamaguchi T, Hirakata Y, Izumikawa K, Miyazaki Y, Maesaki S, Tomono K, Yamada Y, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- Humans, Japan, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Ketolides, Macrolides, Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug effects
- Abstract
The in vitro activity of telithromycin (HMR3647), a new ketolide, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae was determined by the broth microdilution test using 41 clinical isolates obtained in Japan, as compared with those of five macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and josamycin), minocycline, and levofloxacin. Telithromycin was less potent than azithromycin, but it was more active than four other macrolides, minocycline, and levofloxacin; its MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited were both 0.00097 microg/ml, justifying clinical studies to determine its efficacy for treatment of M. pneumoniae.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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14. Genetic relationship between blood and nonblood isolates from bacteremic patients determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
- Author
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Matsuda J, Hirakata Y, Iori F, Mochida C, Ozaki Y, Nakano M, Izumikawa K, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida R, Miyazaki Y, Maesaki S, Tomono K, Yamada Y, Kohno S, and Kamihira S
- Subjects
- Bacteremia blood, Bacteremia diagnosis, DNA, Bacterial blood, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field methods, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections blood, Gram-Positive Cocci isolation & purification, Humans, Pseudomonas Infections blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Bacteremia microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Gram-Positive Cocci genetics, Pseudomonas Infections diagnosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa genetics
- Abstract
A total of 148 isolates from 55 bacteremic patients were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Genetically different nonblood strains were isolated from 13.9% of patients with bacteremia caused by gram-positive cocci and 42.1% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, indicating that antibiograms of a single nonblood P. aeruginosa isolate are not always informative for treatment of bacteremia.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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15. Rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaIMP.
- Author
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Hirakata Y, Izumikawa K, Yamaguchi T, Takemura H, Tanaka H, Yoshida R, Matsuda J, Nakano M, Tomono K, Maesaki S, Kaku M, Yamada Y, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- DNA Fingerprinting, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Gram-Negative Bacteria enzymology, Gram-Negative Bacteria genetics, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genes, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, beta-Lactamases genetics
- Abstract
Gram-negative rods (GNR) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaIMP, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in Japan. Although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaIMP-positive GNR in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. To address this, a system for the rapid detection of the blaIMP gene with a simple DNA preparation and by enzymatic detection of PCR products was developed. A total of 933 ceftazidime-resistant strains of GNR isolated between 1991 and 1996 at Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, were screened for the blaIMP gene; 80 isolates were positive, including 53 P. aeruginosa isolates, 13 other glucose-nonfermenting bacteria, 13 S. marcescens isolates, and 1 Citrobacter freundii isolate. Most of the patients from whom blaIMP-positive organisms were isolated had malignant diseases (53. 8%). The organisms caused urinary tract infections, pneumonia, or other infections in 46.3% of the patients, while they were just colonizing the other patients evaluated. It was possible that blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa strains contributed to the death of four patients, while the other infections caused by GNR carrying blaIMP were not lethal. DNA fingerprinting analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested the cross transmission of strains within the hospital. The isolates were ceftazidime resistant and were frequently resistant to other antibiotics. Although no particular means of pathogenesis of blaIMP-positive GNR is evident at present, the rapid detection of such strains is necessary to help with infection control practices for the prevention of their dissemination and the transmission of the resistance gene to other pathogenic bacteria.
- Published
- 1998
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16. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bilophila wadsworthia isolates submitted for routine laboratory examination.
- Author
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Mochida C, Hirakata Y, Matsuda J, Iori F, Ozaki Y, Nakano M, Hamaguchi K, Izumikawa K, Yamaguchi T, Tomono K, Maesaki S, Yamada Y, Kohno S, and Kamihira S
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Laboratories, Hospital, Male, Middle Aged, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods drug effects, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods isolation & purification, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Abstract
MICs of antibiotics against Bilophila wadsworthia isolates were measured by agar and broth microdilution with pyruvic acid and by Etest. The inoculum size influenced greatly agar dilution. Despite discrepancies in MICs depending on the measurement method used, clindamycin consistently showed potent activity. Broth microdilution and Etest appear to be candidates for laboratory susceptibility testing.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Adherence to and penetration of human intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cell monolayers by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Author
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Hirakata Y, Izumikawa K, Yamaguchi T, Igimi S, Furuya N, Maesaki S, Tomono K, Yamada Y, Kohno S, Yamaguchi K, and Kamihira S
- Subjects
- Caco-2 Cells, Electric Impedance, Humans, Virulence, Bacterial Adhesion, Pseudomonas aeruginosa physiology
- Abstract
Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from blood adhered to and penetrated intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers to a greater degree than did isolates from sputum, with a concomitant drastic decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance. PAO-PR1, an avirulent exotoxin A mutant of PAO1, did not cause a decrease in the resistance. The Caco-2 monolayer system may be useful for the evaluation of certain P. aeruginosa virulence factor activities.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. In vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin and the streptogramin RPR 106972 against Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
- Author
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Izumikawa K, Hirakata Y, Yamaguchi T, Yoshida R, Tanaka H, Takemura H, Maesaki S, Tomono K, Kaku M, Izumikawa KI, Kamihira S, and Kohno S
- Subjects
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug effects, Virginiamycin pharmacology
- Abstract
The in vitro activities of quinupristin-dalfopristin and streptogramin RPR 106972 were determined with 44 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and compared to those of macrolides, minocycline, and quinolones. All isolates tested were highly susceptible to macrolides and to quinupristin-dalfopristin (MIC at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited [MIC90], 0.0625 microg/ml), followed by RPR 106972 (MIC90, 0.5 microg/ml), quinolones, and minocycline.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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