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Your search keyword '"Cars, Otto"' showing total 27 results
Start Over Author "Cars, Otto" Publisher american society for microbiology
27 results on '"Cars, Otto"'

3. In Memoriam: William A. Craig

Author

Theuretzbacher, Ursula, primary, Ambrose, Paul G., additional, MacGowan, Alasdair P., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Sörgel, Fritz, additional, Derendorf, Hartmut, additional, Mouton, Johan W., additional, Drusano, George L., additional, Tulkens, Paul M., additional, Dudley, Michael N., additional, Cars, Otto, additional, and Nation, Roger L., additional

Published
2015
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4. Colistin Methanesulfonate and Colistin Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration

Author

Karvanen, Matti, primary, Plachouras, Diamantis, additional, Friberg, Lena E., additional, Paramythiotou, Elisabeth, additional, Papadomichelakis, Evangelos, additional, Karaiskos, Ilias, additional, Tsangaris, Iraklis, additional, Armaganidis, Apostolos, additional, Cars, Otto, additional, and Giamarellou, Helen, additional

Published
2013
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5. Application of a Loading Dose of Colistin Methanesulfonate in Critically Ill Patients: Population Pharmacokinetics, Protein Binding, and Prediction of Bacterial Kill

Author

Mohamed, Ami F., primary, Karaiskos, Ilias, additional, Plachouras, Diamantis, additional, Karvanen, Matti, additional, Pontikis, Konstantinos, additional, Jansson, Britt, additional, Papadomichelakis, Evangelos, additional, Antoniadou, Anastasia, additional, Giamarellou, Helen, additional, Armaganidis, Apostolos, additional, Cars, Otto, additional, and Friberg, Lena E., additional

Published
2012
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8. Protein Binding: Do We Ever Learn?

Author

Zeitlinger, Markus A., primary, Derendorf, Hartmut, additional, Mouton, Johan W., additional, Cars, Otto, additional, Craig, William A., additional, Andes, David, additional, and Theuretzbacher, Ursula, additional

Published
2011
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12. Selection of Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae during Penicillin Treatment In Vitro and in Three Animal Models.

Author

Knudsen, Jenny Dahl, Odenholt, Inga, Erlendsdottir, Helga, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Cars, Otto, Frimodt-Møller, Niels, Espersen, Frank, Kristinsson, Karl G., Gudmundsson, Sigurdur, Knudsen, Jenny Dahl, Odenholt, Inga, Erlendsdottir, Helga, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Cars, Otto, Frimodt-Møller, Niels, Espersen, Frank, Kristinsson, Karl G., and Gudmundsson, Sigurdur

Abstract

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties for the selection of resistant pneumococci were studied by using three strains of the same serotype (6B) for mixed-culture infection in time-kill experiments in vitro and in three different animal models, the mouse peritonitis, the mouse thigh, and the rabbit tissue cage models. Treatment regimens with penicillin were designed to give a wide range of T>MICs, the amounts of time for which the drug concentrations in serum were above the MIC. The mixed culture of the three pneumococcal strains, 107 CFU of strain A (MIC of penicillin, 0.016 µg/ml; erythromycin resistant)/ml, 106 CFU of strain B (MIC of penicillin, 0.25 µg/ml)/ml, and 105 CFU of strain C (MIC of penicillin, 4 µg/ml)/ml, was used in the two mouse models, and a mixture of 105 CFU of strain A/ml, 104 CFU of strain B/ml, and 103 CFU of strain C/ml was used in the rabbit tissue cage model. During the different treatment regimens, the differences in numbers of CFU between treated and control animals were calculated to measure the efficacies of the regimens. Selective media with erythromycin or different penicillin concentrations were used to quantify the strains separately. The efficacies of penicillin in vitro were similar when individual strains or mixed cultures were studied. The eradication of the bacteria, independent of the susceptibility of the strain or strains or the presence of the strains in a mixture or on their own, followed the well-known PK and PD rules for treatment with ß-lactams: a maximum efficacy was seen when the T>MIC was >40 to 50% of the observation time and the ratio of the maximum concentration of the drug in serum to the MIC was >10. It was possible in all three models to select for the less-susceptible strains by using insufficient treatments. In the rabbit tissue cage model, a regrowth of pneumococci was observed; in the mouse thigh model, the ratio between the different strains changed in favor of the less-susceptible strain

Published
2003

27. Foreign travel is a major risk factor for colonization with Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a prospective study with Swedish volunteers.

Author

Tängdén T, Cars O, Melhus A, and Löwdin E

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sweden, White People, Young Adult, Escherichia coli enzymology, Escherichia coli pathogenicity, Escherichia coli Infections epidemiology, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Travel, beta-Lactamases metabolism
Abstract

Foreign travel has been suggested to be a risk factor for the acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. To our knowledge, this has not previously been demonstrated in a prospective study. Healthy volunteers traveling outside Northern Europe were enrolled. Rectal swabs and data on potential travel-associated risk factors were collected before and after traveling. A total of 105 volunteers were enrolled. Four of them did not complete the study, and one participant carried ESBL-producing Escherichia coli before travel. Twenty-four of 100 participants with negative pretravel samples were colonized with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli after the trip. All strains produced CTX-M enzymes, mostly CTX-M-15, and some coproduced TEM or SHV enzymes. Coresistance to several antibiotic subclasses was common. Travel to India was associated with the highest risk for the acquisition of ESBLs (88%; n = 7). Gastroenteritis during the trip was an additional risk factor (P = 0.003). Five of 21 volunteers who completed the follow-up after 6 months had persistent colonization with ESBLs. This is the first prospective study demonstrating that international travel is a major risk factor for colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Considering the high acquisition rate of 24%, it is obvious that global efforts are needed to meet the emergence and spread of CTX-M enzymes and other antimicrobial resistances.

Published
2010
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