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We compared the efficiencies of different drug susceptibility testing methods in detecting rifampin (RIF) heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Our data revealed that the broth dilution method found more resistance than MGIT did ( P = 0.046) for the low-resistance group. Similarly, the broth dilution method was more sensitive in detecting RIF heteroresistance in subpopulations with low growth rates than was MGIT ( P = 0.033). In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the broth dilution method was more sensitive than MGIT in detecting RIF heteroresistance.

To explore the changes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in space flight, we present the draft genome sequence of P. aeruginosa strain LCT-PA220, which originated from a P. aeruginosa strain, ATCC 27853, that traveled on the Shenzhou-VIII spacecraft.

An Enterococcus faecium strain was sent into space on the Shenzhou-VIII mission. After the space flight, the strain E. faecium LCT-EF301 was isolated and sequenced based on the changes to its metabolic properties.

There are many species of bacteria found in the human body, most of which are normal flora. Escherichia coli is a Gramnegative rod-shaped bacterium that commonly resides in the lower intestines of humans and mammals. When the immune system is compromised, E. coli can cause various diseases, including bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, cholecystitis, cholangitis, dysentery, and pneumonia. It is reportedthatspaceflightmightdecreasehostimmunity,whichmay increasetheriskofcontractinginfectiousdiseasesrelatedtoE.coli strains that are harbored in the human body during space travel (1, 2). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of space travel on E. coli. The E. coli strain CGMCC 1.2385 was loaded on the Shenzhou-VIII spacecraft, which traveled into space for 17 days. E. coli strain LCT-EC52 was isolated and showed significantly increased resistance to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin (3). The nucleotides were fragmented to generate 500-bp and 6-kb fragment libraries. PCR was performed to amplify these 500-bp and 6-kb libraries for ~100 and ~50 genomic coverage, respectively. We performed paired-end sequencing of the libraries using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Using SOAPdenovo (version 1.6), 90-bp reads from the two libraries were assembled into 191 contigs according to methods published previously and were connected to 37 scaffolds using information from paired-end sequencing of the 6-kb library. The total assembled nucleotide count is 5,209,752 bp, including 106,472 bp of unknown bases (gaps). The N50 of the assembled scaffolds is 2,676,640 bp, and the GC content is 50.37%. To predict coding sequences in the scaffolds, we used Glimmerversion3.0topredictputativeopenreadingframes.The resulting coding sequences (CDSs) were aligned to the NR, COG, and KEGG databases. We identified tandem repeat sequences us

An Enterococcus faecium strain was sent into space on the Shenzhou-VIII craft. After space flight, the strain E. faecium LCT-EF297 was selected based on its metabolic properties.

Serratia marcescens has been detected in space habitats. To explore the influence of the space flight environment on this bacterium, we investigated the genome sequence of LCT-SM166, which was isolated after space flight and has a specific carbon source utilization pattern.

To explore the effects of space flight on microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was sent into orbit for 398 h on the spacecraft ShenZhou VIII. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the P. aeruginosa strain LCT-PA41, determined after space flight.

The Klebsiella pneumoniae strain LCT-KP182 acquired hemolytic properties after space flight. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of this strain.

In order to explore the effect of space environments on Bacillus cereus , we determined the draft genome sequence of a B. cereus strain, LCT-BC235, which was isolated after space flight.

The space environment is a very special condition under which many organisms change many features. Escherichia coli is employed widely as a prokaryotic model organism in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of E. coli strain LCT-EC59 exposed to space conditions.

The space environment is reported to cause biological alterations in microorganisms, such as growth, drug resistance, and virulence. Here, we present the model of Enterococcus faecium to investigate the effects of space conditions on the microbe and on the whole-genome sequences of the strain LCT-EF20 after being exposed to space flight.

The space environment has been shown to affect microbes by altering various features, including morphology, growth rate, metabolism, virulence, drug resistance, and gene expression and mutation. Here we present the draft genome sequence of the Enterococcus faecium strain LCT-EF258, derived from the E. faecium strain CGMCC 1.1736, which was exposed to 17-day space flight.

Serratia marcescens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae . S. marcescens can cause nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Serratia marcescens strain LCT-SM213, which was isolated from CGMCC 1.1857.

Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. S. aureus is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause staphylococcal infections, which are very common in clinical medicine. Here we report the genome sequence of S. aureus strain LCT-SA112, which was isolated from S. aureus subsp. aureus CGMCC 1.230.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease. The versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa enables the organism to infect damaged tissues or those with reduced immunity which cause inflammation and sepsis. Here we report the genome sequence of the strain ATCC 27853.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. Here we present the fine-draft genome sequence of K. pneumoniae strain LCT-KP214, which originated from K. pneumoniae strain CGMCC 1.1736.