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In this research work new type of bioglass ceramics successfully synthesized the bioglass composition: 50SiO₂-30CaO-10P₂O 5 -10MgO by sol-gel technique which was further heated up to 600 °C. Different characterization techniques were applied on the prepared bioglass powder to obtain the structural information. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirms the amorphous nature and apatite formation on surface of the sample. The time dependent biological activity was tested on immersed samples with simulated body fluid (SBF). Structural configuration of the hydroxyapatite layer along with nano-size as well as texture properties of the samples were confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques, respectively. It was found that magnesium performs a pivotal role in bone proliferation and improves the thermophysical properties of the synthesized bioglass ceramics. The antibacterial effects were studied by two well-known pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) .

SBA-16 is a mesoporous nanostructure with high surface area and cubic symmetry which make them an ideal carrier to carry different nanoparticles. Zinc peroxide (ZnO₂) is a novel nanoparticle that inhibits the growth of microorganisms due to its antiseptic property. Thin film of SBA-16 and SBA-16/ZnO₂ was deposited on glass slide by spin coating method. Anti-biofilm property of the thin films was examined against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Structural property was found out by wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) was used to confirmation the presence of ZnO₂ in Nano-composite and AFM utilized for surface topography of thin films. Fluorescent microscope image clearly revealed that SBA-16/ZnO₂ nanocomposite thin film significantly inhibit the biofilm formation against both E. coli (gram negative bacteria) as well as S. aureus (gram positive bacteria) in comparision to SBA-16. The antimicrobial behavior of ZnO nanoparticle is due to formation of H₂O₂ as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to which the bacterial cells are permeable. H₂O₂ is a powerful oxidizing agents that oxidized the mycobacterial elements like DNA and proteins which results into the toxicity of the bacteria cell.

Bioactive glasses are inorganic biomaterials that have been used successfully in bone tissue engineering and in dentistry as filling materials. But due to poorer mechanical strength the bioactive glasses have limited application in load-bearing positions. If efforts are made to increase material strength, their bioactivity gets decrease. To comprehend the optimal toning between biological and mechanical properties, we aim to develop the new nano bioactive glass using simple sol-gel method having a composition of 50%SiO2-40%CaO-5%P2O5-2%ZnO-2%MgO-1%SrO (mol%) with three different bivalent metal ions (Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and Sr 2+ ). The structural morphology, crystallinity, physical and chemical behavior of the prepared bioglass ceramics were analyzed through XRD, N2-adsorption measurements, FTIR, FESEM with EDS and HR-TEM. The bioactivity of the sample was analyzed in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium solution for ten days. The synthesized nano bioglass-ceramic shows the apatite layer formation which was confirmed through XRD and FTIR and show anti-bacterial properties for the four well-known pathogens/microorganism Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .