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Objectives. This study explored the role of various chronic conditions in explaining recent improvements in functioning among older Americans. Methods. We used the Supplements on Aging to the 1984 and 1994 National Health Interview Surveys to examine changes among Americans 70 years and older in reports of chronic conditions and functional limitations. We decomposed functioning changes into condition-related components, controlling for demographic shifts. Results. The percentage of older Americans with upper- and lower-body limitations declined from 5.1% and 34.2%, respectively, in 1984 to 4.3% and 28.5% in 1995, and the average number of lower body limitations decreased. During the same period, reports of 8 of 9 chronic conditions increased, but many of these conditions had less debilitating effects on functioning. Reductions in the debilitating effects of various chronic conditions--particularly arthritis--are important in explaining declines in limitations experienced by older Americans. Conclusions. Earlier diagnosis and improved treatment and management of chronic conditions, rather than prevention, may be important contributing factors to improvements in upper- and lower-body functioning among older Americans. (Am J Public Health. 2000; 90:1755-1760) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Documents trends in functional limitations among older Americans from 1984 to 1993. Reasons for the trends; Fundamental issue in aging research; Issues of measurement; Changes in disability and changes in the underlying physiological capability; Definition of functional limitations; Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

Despite the importance of kin in caring for older relatives, few studies have examined the relationship between the family network and the risk of nursing home placement. Data from a cohort of noninstitutionalized elderly persons living in New Haven in 1982 were used to predict nursing home admission through 1985. Logistic regression analyses show that older persons who have regular contact with kin have a lower risk of institutionalization. For men, the spouse is most important in reducing the risk of entry; for women, having regular contact with at least one family member--of any relation--reduces the risk of entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]