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Survey questions are frequently used to collect data on the prevalence of vision difficulties. The 1971-1972 Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included both a question about ‘trouble with your vision even when wearing glasses or contact lenses,’ and clinical measurement of central distance visual acuity with usual corrective lenses. The question had low sensitivity for impairment of visual acuity, with variation by age and severity of impairment. Sensitivity analyses from other studies are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection and treatment of diabetic eye disease can prevent blindness, yet many persons with diabetes lack regular eye care. This study followed 569 people with diabetes participating in blindness prevention programs during 1984 through 1987; it was found that 35% of subjects received dilated eye examination before entering the programs, in comparison with 60% afterward. About 85% of participants referred for proliferative retinopathy treatment began such treatment, and, of these, 85% completed treatment. A lack of knowledge about the disease and limited finances were primary reasons for non-adherence. To improve the effectiveness of prevention programs, eye care providers and program staff must strive to eliminate these educational and financial barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied reasons for the improvement in the functional vision of enrollees receiving free care in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment. Among low income enrollees, 78 per cent on the free plan and 59 per cent on the cost-sharing plans had an eye examination; the proportions of those obtaining lenses were 30 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively. Visual acuity outcomes of low income vs non-poor enrollees were more adversely affected by enrollment in cost-sharing plans. Free care resulted in improved vision by increasing the frequency of eye examinations and lens purchases. (Am J Public Health 1989; 79:640-642.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Thirty-two pairs of inexpensive sunglasses were examined for their effectiveness in preventing ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from reaching the eyes. The transmission of UVB (290-310 nm) by all of the sunglass lenses was < 2 per ¢. However, in measurements performed with mannikins wearing the sunglasses, up to 14.1 per ¢ of the incident UVR passed through to the eyes. When the sunglasses were moved 6 mm from the forehead, the per ¢ reaching the eyes ranged from 3.7 to 44.8 per ¢. Although sunglasses are somewhat more effective than untinted prescription eyewear in attenuating ocular exposure, the amount of attenuation is highly variable and depends mainly on their size, shape, and wearing position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]