11 results on '"*SPATIAL memory"'
Search Results
2. A Possible Role for Protein Synthesis, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Long-Term Spatial Memory Retention in the Water Maze
- Abstract
Hippocampal protein synthesis is dependent upon a number of different molecular and cellular mechanisms that act together to make previously labile memories more stable and resistant to disruption. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-Regulated kinase (ERK) are known to play an important role in protein synthesis-dependent memory consolidation, via the mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAP-K) signaling pathway during the transcription phase of protein synthesis. The current study investigates the influence of protein synthesis inhibition (PSI) by cycloheximide on spatial learning and memory. In an initial experiment, the authors utilized two doses of cycloheximide (0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) to determine the dose at which long-term (>24 hours) memories are impaired. A second experiment was designed to investigate the effect of PSI on the formation of cue-platform associations in the watermaze, and on BDNF and ERK expression in the hippocampus. At the higher dose (1.0 mg/kg) cycloheximide resulted in impaired retention of the water maze. BDNF and ERK expression was also down-regulated in animals injected with this dose of cycloheximide. Our results demonstrate a role of protein synthesis in spatial memory retention, along with a possible relationship between protein synthesis and hippocampal BDNF/ERK expression.
- Published
- 2008
3. Mammilliothalamic tract lesions disrupt tests of visuo-spatial memory
- Author
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Nelson, Andrew J. D. and Vann, Seralynne D.
- Subjects
BF - Abstract
The mammillary bodies and their projections via the mammilliothalamic tract to the anterior thalamic nuclei are known to be important for spatial memory in rodents, but their precise role remains unclear. To determine whether transection of the mammilliothalamic tract can produce deficits on tests of spatial memory even when the navigational demands placed on the animal are limited, rats with discrete mammilliothalamic tract lesions were tested on the ability to use distal visual cues to discriminate between 2 locations within a room, irrespective of the direction traveled (Experiment 1). Animals with mammilliothalamic tract lesions acquired this task more slowly and less accurately than control animals. Consistent with this impairment in discriminating different spatial locations, the same lesions also severely disrupted object-in-place memory but spared performance on standard tests of object recognition memory (Experiment 2). Finally, to compare performance on a task that is known to be sensitive to mammilliothalamic transection and requires animals to actively navigate within their environment, the effect of the lesions on spatial working memory in the radial-arm maze was examined. Taken together, the results suggest that even when there are little or no navigational demands, mammilliothalamic tract damage still results in impoverished encoding of spatial location.
- Published
- 2014
4. A Possible Role for Protein Synthesis, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Long-Term Spatial Memory Retention in the Water Maze
- Author
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Declan Madsen, Sean Commins, Shirley O'Dea, J. Bernadette Moore, Anne-Marie T. McGauran, Bernard P. Mahon, and Daniel N. Barry
- Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway ,Male ,Water maze ,Cycloheximide ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neurotrophic factors ,Memory ,Avoidance Learning ,Reaction Time ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ,Maze Learning ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ,Behavior, Animal ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,Cell biology ,Rats ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Protein Biosynthesis ,Space Perception ,Memory consolidation ,Signal transduction ,Neuroscience ,Oligopeptides - Abstract
Hippocampal protein synthesis is dependent upon a number of different molecular and cellular mechanisms that act together to make previously labile memories more stable and resistant to disruption. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) are known to play an important role in protein synthesis-dependent memory consolidation, via the mitogen-activated protein-kinase (MAP-K) signaling pathway during the transcription phase of protein synthesis. The current study investigates the influence of protein synthesis inhibition (PSI) by cycloheximide on spatial learning and memory. In an initial experiment, the authors utilized two doses of cycloheximide (0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) to determine the dose at which long-term (>24 hours) memories are impaired. A second experiment was designed to investigate the effect of PSI on the formation of cue-platform associations in the watermaze, and on BDNF and ERK expression in the hippocampus. At the higher dose (1.0 mg/kg) cycloheximide resulted in impaired retention of the water maze. BDNF and ERK expression was also down-regulated in animals injected with this dose of cycloheximide. Our results demonstrate a role of protein synthesis in spatial memory retention, along with a possible relationship between protein synthesis and hippocampal BDNF/ERK expression.
- Published
- 2008
5. Remembering who was where: a happy expression advantage for face identity-location binding in working memory
- Author
-
Megan Evans, Sara Spotorno, and Margaret C. Jackson
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Visual perception ,visuospatial working memory ,Time Factors ,Eye Movements ,Spatial ability ,Happiness ,BF ,Short-term memory ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Anger ,Spatial memory ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,maintenance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Emotional expression ,emotional expression ,Research Articles ,Spatial Memory ,Facial expression ,Working memory ,05 social sciences ,Cognition ,Recognition, Psychology ,Facial Expression ,Memory, Short-Term ,faces ,Female ,Psychology ,Facial Recognition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
It is well established that visual working memory (WM) for face identity is enhanced when faces display threatening versus nonthreatening expressions. During social interaction, it is also important to bind person identity with location information in WM to remember who was where, but we lack a clear understanding of how emotional expression influences this. Here, we conducted two touchscreen experiments to investigate how angry versus happy expressions displayed at encoding influenced the precision with which participants relocated a single neutral test face to its original position. Maintenance interval was manipulated (Experiment 2; 1 s, 3 s, 6 s) to assess durability of binding. In both experiments, relocation accuracy was enhanced when faces were happy versus angry, and this happy benefit endured from 1-s to 6-s maintenance interval. Eye movement measures during encoding showed no convincing effects of oculomotor behavior that could readily explain the happy benefit. However, accuracy in general was improved, and the happy benefit was strongest for the last, most recent face fixated at encoding. Improved, durable binding of who was where in the presence of a happy expression may reflect the importance of prosocial navigation. (PsycINFO Database Record
- Published
- 2018
6. Crossing boundaries: Global reorientation following transfer from the inside to the outside of an arena
- Author
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Mark Haselgrove, Stuart Gordon Spicer, Alastair D. Smith, Matthew G. Buckley, and Luke J Holden
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Matching (statistics) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Virtual reality ,Environment ,computer.software_genre ,Spatial memory ,050105 experimental psychology ,Young Adult ,Human–computer interaction ,Encoding (memory) ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Orientation, Spatial ,Orientation (computer vision) ,05 social sciences ,SIGNAL (programming language) ,Association Learning ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,Virtual machine ,Female ,Cues ,Psychology ,computer ,Row ,Spatial Navigation - Abstract
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. In two spatial navigation experiments, human participants were asked to find a hidden goal (a Wi-Fi signal) that was located in one of the right-angled corners of a kite-shaped (Experiment 1) or a cross-shaped (Experiment 2) virtual environment. Goal location was defined solely with respect to the geometry of the environment. Following this training, in a test conducted in extinction, participants were placed onto the outside of the same environments and asked to locate the Wi-Fi signal. The results of both experiments revealed that participants spent more time searching in regions on the outside of the environments that were closest to where the Wi-Fi signal was located during training. These results are difficult to explain in terms of analyses of spatial navigation and re-orientation that emphasize the role of local representational encoding or view matching. Instead, we suggest that these results are better understood in terms of a global representation of the shape of the environment.
- Published
- 2019
7. Hippocampal Acetylcholine Depletion Has No Effect on Anxiety, Spatial Novelty Preference, or Differential Reward for Low Rates of Responding (DRL) Performance in Rats
- Author
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McHugh, SB, Francis, A, McAuley, JD, Stewart, AL, Baxter, MG, and Bannerman, DM
- Subjects
Male ,Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ,hippocampus ,Articles ,spatial memory ,Anxiety ,Motor Activity ,Diagonal Band of Broca ,Saporins ,Acetylcholine ,Cholinergic Neurons ,Choline O-Acetyltransferase ,Rats ,behavioral inhibition ,Reward ,medial septum ,Neural Pathways ,Acetylcholinesterase ,Exploratory Behavior ,Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 ,Animals ,Septal Nuclei - Abstract
We investigated the role of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection in anxiety, spatial novelty preference, and differential reward for low rates of responding (DRL) performance. Cholinergic neurons of the rat medial septum (MS) and the vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (VDB) were lesioned using the selective immunotoxin, 192 IgG-saporin. Rats were then tested on several behavioral tests previously shown to be sensitive to either (a) hippocampal lesions or (b) nonselective MS/VDB lesions which target both cholinergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic projections, or both. Saporin lesions substantially reduced hippocampal cholinergic innervation, resulting in an absence of acetyl cholinesterase staining and markedly reduced choline acetyltransferase activity (mean reduction: 80 ± 5%; range: 50-97%). However, the saporin-lesioned rats did not differ from control rats in any of the behavioral tests. Thus we found no evidence from these lesion studies that the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection plays an essential role in anxiety, spatial novelty preference, or DRL.
- Published
- 2015
8. Hamsters’ (mesocricetus auratus) memory in a radial maze analog: the role of spatial versus olfactory cues
- Author
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François Tonneau, Alejandro Corujo, Felipe Cabrera, and Universidade do Minho
- Subjects
Male ,Spatial cues ,Radial maze ,Olfactory cues ,Hamster ,Social Sciences ,Choice Behavior ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Spatial memory ,Memory task ,Memory ,Cricetinae ,Next Choice ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Maze Learning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Communication ,Science & Technology ,biology ,Mesocricetus ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Retention, Psychology ,Space perception ,biology.organism_classification ,Smell ,Radial platform ,Space Perception ,Hamsters ,Psychology (miscellaneous) ,Cues ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Golden hamster - Abstract
The golden hamster’s (Mesocricetus auratus) performance on radial maze tasks has not been studied a lot. Here we report the results of a spatial memory task that involved eight food stations equidistant from the center of a circular platform. Each of six male hamsters depleted the food stations along successive choices. After each choice and a 5-s retention delay, the hamster was brought back to the center of the platform for the next choice opportunity. When only one baited station was left, the platform was rotated to evaluate whether olfactory traces guided hamsters’ choices. Results showed that despite the retention delay hamsters performed above chance in searching for food. The choice distributions observed during the rotation probes were consistent with spatial memory and could be explained without assuming guidance by olfactory cues. The radial maze analog we devised could be useful in furthering the study of spatial memory in hamsters., Francois Tonneau was supported by the Portuguese FCT during the writing of this article.
- Published
- 2012
9. Shape shifting : local landmarks interfere with navigation by, and recognition of, global shape
- Author
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Alastair D. Smith, Matthew G. Buckley, and Mark Haselgrove
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Linguistics and Language ,Adolescent ,geometric module ,Spatial ability ,Spatial Behavior ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,associative learning ,Spatial memory ,Language and Linguistics ,Task (project management) ,User-Computer Interface ,Young Adult ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,navigation ,Research Articles ,Associative property ,Analysis of Variance ,Landmark ,business.industry ,spatial learning ,Recognition, Psychology ,Associative learning ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Space Perception ,Task analysis ,Female ,ID-ED ,Artificial intelligence ,Cues ,business ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
An influential theory of spatial navigation states that the boundary shape of an environment is preferentially encoded over and above other spatial cues, such that it is impervious to interference from alternative sources of information. We explored this claim with 3 intradimensional–extradimensional shift experiments, designed to examine the interaction of landmark and geometric features of the environment in a virtual navigation task. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were first required to find a hidden goal using information provided by the shape of the arena or landmarks integrated into the arena boundary (Experiment 1) or within the arena itself (Experiment 2). Participants were then transferred to a different-shaped arena that contained novel landmarks and were again required to find a hidden goal. In both experiments, participants who were navigating on the basis of cues that were from the same dimension that was previously relevant (intradimensional shift) learned to find the goal significantly faster than participants who were navigating on the basis of cues that were from a dimension that was previously irrelevant (extradimensional shift). This suggests that shape information does not hold special status when learning about an environment. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 and also assessed participants’ recognition of the global shape of the navigated arenas. Recognition was attenuated when landmarks were relevant to navigation throughout the experiment. The results of these experiments are discussed in terms of associative and non-associative theories of spatial learning.
- Published
- 2014
10. Memory in Autistic Spectrum Disorder
- Author
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Sally Bigham, Jill Boucher, and Andrew R. Mayes
- Subjects
Memory Disorders ,Recall ,Long-term memory ,Emotions ,Prefrontal Cortex ,BF ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Hippocampus ,Severity of Illness Index ,Spatial memory ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Visual memory ,Memory ,Research Design ,Face ,Parietal Lobe ,Explicit memory ,Humans ,Semantic memory ,Autistic Disorder ,Levels-of-processing effect ,Psychology ,General Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,Recognition memory - Abstract
Behavioral evidence concerning memory in high-functioning forms of autism (HFA) and in moderately low-functioning autism (M-LFA) is reviewed and compared. Findings on M-LFA are sparse. However, it is provisionally concluded that memory profiles in HFA and M-LFA (relative to ability-matched controls) are similar, but that declarative memory impairments are more extensive in M-LFA than in HFA. Specifically, both groups have diminished memory for emotion- or person-related stimuli. Regarding memory for non-social stimuli, both groups probably have mental-age appropriate nondeclarative memory; and within declarative memory, both groups have mental-age appropriate immediate free recall of within-span or supra-span lists of unrelated items, as well as cued recall and paired associate learning. By contrast, recognition is largely unimpaired in HFA but moderately impaired in M-LFA; and free recall of meaningful or structured stimuli is moderately impaired in HFA but more severely impaired in M-LFA. Theoretical explanations of data on declarative memory in HFA identify problems in the integrative processing, or the consolidation and storage, of complex stimuli; or a specific problem of recollection. Proposed neural substrates include the following: disconnectivity of primary sensory and association areas; dysfunctions of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus or posterior parietal lobe; or combinations of these associated with neural disconnectivity. Hypothetically, perirhinal dysfunction might explain the more extensive declarative memory impairments in M-LFA. Foreseeable consequences of uneven memory abilities in HFA and M-LFA are outlined, including possible effects on language and learning in M-LFA. Finally, priorities for future research are identified, highlighting the urgent need for research on memory in lower-functioning individuals.
- Published
- 2012
11. Characterization of Cognitive Deficits in Mice with an Alternating Hemiplegia-Linked Mutation
- Author
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Kirshenbaum, G.S., Dachtler, J., Roder, J.C., and Clapcote, S.J.
- Subjects
cognitive deficits ,Psychological Tests ,mice ,Hemiplegia ,Mice, Transgenic ,Recognition, Psychology ,Articles ,Fear ,Motor Activity ,Cohort Studies ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Na+,K+-ATPase α3 ,alternating hemiplegia ,Conditioning, Psychological ,Mutation ,Atp1a3 ,Exploratory Behavior ,Animals ,Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ,Cognition Disorders ,Habituation, Psychophysiologic ,Maze Learning ,Social Behavior - Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prominent feature in a range of different movement disorders. Children with Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood are prone to developmental delay, with deficits in cognitive functioning becoming progressively more evident as they grow older. Heterozygous mutations of the ATP1A3 gene, encoding the Na+,K+-ATPase α3 subunit, have been identified as the primary cause of Alternating Hemiplegia. Heterozygous Myshkin mice have an amino acid change (I810N) in Na+,K+-ATPase α3 that is also found in Alternating Hemiplegia. To investigate whether Myshkin mice exhibit learning and memory deficits resembling the cognitive impairments of patients with Alternating Hemiplegia, we subjected them to a range of behavioral tests that interrogate various cognitive domains. Myshkin mice showed impairments in spatial memory, spatial habituation, locomotor habituation, object recognition, social recognition, and trace fear conditioning, as well as in the visible platform version of the Morris water maze. Increasing the duration of training ameliorated the deficit in social recognition but not in spatial habituation. The deficits of Myshkin mice in all of the learning and memory tests employed are consistent with the cognitive impairment of the vast majority of AHC patients. These mice could thus help advance our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms influencing cognitive impairment in patients with ATP1A3-related disorders.
- Published
- 2015
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