28 results on '"Galanter M"'
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2. Spirituality, evidence-based medicine, and alcoholics anonymous.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Aging, Behavior, Addictive, Biomarkers, Goals, Humans, Patient Care standards, Psychology, Religion, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Alcoholics Anonymous, Evidence-Based Medicine methods, Spirituality, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Innovations: alcohol & drug abuse: spirituality in Alcoholics Anonymous: a valuable adjunct to psychiatric services.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Alcoholics Anonymous, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Mental Health Services organization & administration, Psychoses, Alcoholic rehabilitation, Spirituality
- Abstract
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is described as a spiritual fellowship by many of its members, but its spiritual orientation needs to be better understood by clinicians and researchers. Spirituality is a latent construct, one that is inferred from multiple component dimensions, such as social psychology, neurophysiology, and treatment outcome research. Mechanisms related to its role in promotion of recovery in AA are discussed from the perspective of these findings, along with related options for professionally grounded treatment, such as Twelve-Step Facilitation. This discussion illustrates the importance of further research on AA and spirituality and of employing them in the provision of psychiatric services.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Healing through social and spiritual affiliation.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Alcoholism psychology, Education, Continuing, Humans, Motivation, Self-Help Groups, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Social Support, Spiritual Therapies psychology, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Self-help treatment for combined addiction and mental illness.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Humans, Mental Disorders complications, Substance-Related Disorders complications, Substance-Related Disorders therapy, Mental Disorders therapy, Self-Help Groups
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Homelessness and mental illness in a professional- and peer-led cocaine treatment clinic.
- Author
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Galanter M, Dermatis H, Egelko S, and De Leon G
- Subjects
- Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Confidence Intervals, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders complications, Odds Ratio, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group methods, Regression Analysis, Self-Help Groups standards, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers standards, Substance-Related Disorders complications, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Urban Health Services standards, Urban Health Services statistics & numerical data, Crack Cocaine, Ill-Housed Persons psychology, Ill-Housed Persons statistics & numerical data, Patient Participation, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychotherapy, Group standards, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Abstract
The combined problems of substance abuse, mental illness, and homelessness among the urban poor represent a major public health issue. The study evaluated 340 patients attending a cocaine day treatment program that integrates peer leadership and professional supervision. Thirty-six percent of the sample had a major mental illness, and 39 percent were homeless. Sixty-nine percent achieved an acceptable final urine toxicology status, and the median number of program visits was 46. Homelessness, a longer history of cocaine use, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia were associated with positive treatment outcomes. The results support the feasibility of a cocaine abuse treatment model combining professional and peer leadership.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Using the Internet for clinical training: a course on network therapy for substance abuse.
- Author
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Galanter M, Keller DS, and Dermatis H
- Subjects
- Alcoholism psychology, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Combined Modality Therapy, Curriculum, Humans, Opioid-Related Disorders rehabilitation, Specialization, Computer Communication Networks, Education, Medical, Continuing, Psychiatry education
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Network therapy for addiction: a model for office practice.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism psychology, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Alcoholism therapy, Ambulatory Care, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Family, Family Therapy, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Models, Psychological, Patient Compliance, Peer Group, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Substance-Related Disorders rehabilitation, Temperance, Behavior Therapy, Psychotherapy, Group, Social Support, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Abstract
Individual therapists in office practice are often considered to have limited effectiveness in treating alcohol and drug dependence. In this article the author describes network therapy, an approach developed to assure greater success in such treatment. It uses psychodynamic and behavioral therapy while engaging the patient in a support network composed of family members and peers. A cognitive-behavioral model of addiction, based on the role of conditioned withdrawal in relapse, is described. Related techniques for securing abstinence are then reviewed; they augment individual psychotherapy to help patients avoid relapse caused by the affective and environmental cues that precipitate drug seeking. The role of social cohesiveness as a vehicle for engaging patients in treatment is outlined next, along with a related technique for enhancing an addicted patient's commitment to the therapy. This is done by using the patient's family and peers as a therapeutic network to join the patient at intervals in therapy sessions. The network is managed by the therapist to provide cohesiveness and support, undermine denial, and promote compliance with treatment. The author presents applications of the network technique designed to sustain abstinence and describes means of stabilizing members' involvement. Applications of network therapy to ambulatory detoxification, disulfiram and naltrexone administration, relapse prevention, and contingency contracting are reviewed.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Crack/cocaine abusers in the general hospital: assessment and initiation of care.
- Author
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Galanter M, Egelko S, De Leon G, Rohrs C, and Franco H
- Subjects
- Adult, Comorbidity, Female, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Psychiatric Department, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Referral and Consultation, Substance Abuse Detection, Cocaine, Crack Cocaine, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, General statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: Cocaine, either smoked (as "crack") or taken intranasally, is now a common cause of psychiatric illness. This study was designed to assess the impact of cocaine abuse on a general psychiatric service and an obstetrics service in an urban general hospital and to evaluate a program for engaging affected patients in addiction treatment., Method: The charts of 300 general psychiatric patients (not admitted for addiction treatment) and 60 cocaine-abusing prenatal or postpartum patients were reviewed. A treatment referral program based on professionally directed peer leadership was established for patients with cocaine abuse. Results of evaluation and referral of 100 other cocaine-abusing psychiatric patients and the 60 prenatal or postpartum patients were then determined., Results: Fully 64% (N = 191) of the 300 psychiatric patients were diagnosed as substance abusers; 38% (N = 113) of them abused cocaine. Almost one-third of these cocaine abusers had no axis I diagnosis other than substance abuse/dependence, and the majority were homeless. Urine samples were positive for cocaine in a majority of the obstetric patients studied. A majority of the psychiatric patients who were referred through the peer-led program enrolled in outpatient cocaine treatment--three times as many as in the chart review group. Most of the obstetric patients suitable for referral enrolled for treatment as well., Conclusions: Cocaine abuse may be responsible for a large portion of psychiatric admissions in urban public general hospitals. Cocaine abusers in psychiatric and obstetrics services are apparently responsive to a peer-oriented mode of referral into treatment.
- Published
- 1992
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10. Christian Psychiatry: the impact of evangelical belief on clinical practice.
- Author
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Galanter M, Larson D, and Rubenstone E
- Subjects
- Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Bible, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders drug therapy, Mental Disorders psychology, Mental Disorders therapy, Middle Aged, Religion and Psychology, Societies, Christianity psychology, Professional Practice, Psychiatry, Religion and Medicine
- Abstract
Objective: The authors surveyed psychiatrists in the Christian Psychiatry movement to assess the role of religious belief in their practices., Method: The psychiatrists were members of the Christian Medical and Dental Society; questionnaires were sent to 260, and usable responses were received from 193. The subjects were asked about demographic and practice variables, "born again" religious experiences, group cohesion, and beliefs about using the Bible and prayer in treatment., Results: The respondents were somewhat more religious than Americans overall, who are themselves more religious than most psychiatrists. Nearly all reported having been "born again," after which they generally experienced a decrease in emotional distress. There was a significant difference in the respondents' affiliative feelings toward psychiatrists in the Christian Psychiatry movement and other psychiatrists. For acute schizophrenic or manic episodes, the respondents considered psychotropic medication the most effective treatment, but they rated the Bible and prayer more highly for suicidal intent, grief reaction, sociopathy, and alcoholism. Whether or not a patient was "committed to Christian beliefs" made a significant difference in whether the respondents would recommend prayer to the patient as treatment. About one-half said they would discourage strongly religious patients from an abortion, homosexual acts, or premarital sex, and about one-third said they would discourage other patients from these activities., Conclusions: Many studies have suggested a need for more sensitivity to religious issues by psychiatrists, and this study provides systematic findings on one approach. It remains important to evaluate ways in which a religious perspective can be related to clinical practice and what benefits and problems may derive from such a relationship.
- Published
- 1991
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11. Cocaine/"crack" dependence among psychiatric inpatients.
- Author
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Bunt G, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, and Castaneda R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders complications, Mental Disorders epidemiology, New York City epidemiology, Personality Disorders diagnosis, Personality Disorders epidemiology, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders complications, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Cocaine, Hospitalization, Mental Disorders diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
The authors studied 40 cocaine-dependent subjects admitted to psychiatric inpatient wards of a metropolitan hospital because of general psychiatric symptoms. The results indicate that the predominant form of cocaine administration (88%) was freebasing "crack." DSM-III-R cluster B personality disorders (N = 17) and schizophrenia (N = 13) constituted the diagnoses for 75% of the sample. Compared to the schizophrenic patients in this cohort, the patients with cluster B personality disorders used cocaine in greater quantities and more frequently and began abuse of the drug at an earlier age. The escalation in urban areas of psychiatric hospitalizations attributed to use of crack may be largely related to psychiatric symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients with personality disorders as well as cocaine-induced psychopathology in schizophrenic patients.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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12. Cults and zealous self-help movements: a psychiatric perspective.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Complementary Therapies, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy methods, Religion and Psychology, Social Support, Group Processes, Mental Disorders etiology, Mental Disorders therapy, Self-Help Groups, Social Conformity
- Abstract
Modern cults and zealous self-help movements exercise an intense group influence and can have a major impact on their members' psychiatric status. On the basis of research findings, the author describes the charismatic group, a generic model for such cohesive, intensely ideological movements. He examines the psychological forces they tap and the way they can both relieve and exacerbate psychopathology. The model is then used to explain the operation of zealous self-help programs that address psychiatric syndromes; these are directed at problems of the medically ill, substance abusers, and relatives of psychiatric patients.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Combined Alcoholics Anonymous and professional care for addicted physicians.
- Author
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Galanter M, Talbott D, Gallegos K, and Rubenstone E
- Subjects
- Alcoholism rehabilitation, Alcoholism therapy, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Substance-Related Disorders rehabilitation, Alcoholics Anonymous, Physician Impairment, Psychotherapy methods, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Abstract
The authors studied 100 impaired physicians who were successfully treated in a program that combined professionally directed psychotherapeutic treatment and peer-led self-help. An average of 33.4 months after admission they all reported being abstinent and rated Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as more important to their recovery than professionally directed modalities. Feelings of affiliativeness to AA, which were very high, were strong predictors of the respondents' perceived support for their recovery. These feelings, and an identification with the role of care giver in addiction treatment, appeared to be central to their recovery process.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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14. Psychological induction into the large-group: findings from a modern religious sect.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Humans, Persuasive Communication, Psychological Tests, Social Adjustment, Group Processes, Religion and Psychology, Social Conformity
- Abstract
The author studied the psychological aspects of religious conversion during structured 21-day workshop sequences designed to introduce people to the Unification Church. Subjects were given a battery of tests at different times during the sequence. After the initial 2-day workshop, 71% dropped out; the 29% who chose to continue had greater affiliative feelings toward the group and greater acceptance of the church's creed than these early dropouts. The 9% who ultimately joined the church had weaker outside personal ties than the later dropouts, although their beliefs in and cohesiveness toward the church were the same as the late dropouts. These results are also compared with long-standing members of the church and matched nonmembers. The induction procedures used by the church are discussed with regard to those used by large therapeutic groups, such as self-help organizations.
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Charismatic religious experience and large-group psychology.
- Author
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Galanter M and Westermeyer J
- Subjects
- Group Structure, Humans, Schizophrenic Psychology, Social Conformity, Group Processes, Religion and Psychology
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The "intoxication state of consciousness": a model for alcohol and drug abuse.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Alcoholic Intoxication, Cannabis, Contingent Negative Variation, Humans, Models, Neurological, Social Behavior, Alcoholism etiology, Consciousness, Models, Psychological, Substance-Related Disorders etiology
- Abstract
The author describes a model of intoxicant use based on altered states of consciousness and reviews his own and others' research on marijuana to illustrate the utility of this model, which is derived from both introspective reports and observed data. The relationship of social behavior and cognitive functioning to the "intoxication state of consciousness" is discussed. This state of consciousness may have an adaptive value in engendering and stabilizing social cohesion. Possible treatment implications include cognitive labeling of cues that precipitate episodes of abuse, training for moderated drug use while patients are intoxicated, and providing abusers with altered consciousness through other means, such as meditation.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
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17. The "Moonies": a psychological study of conversion and membership in a contemporary religious sect.
- Author
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Galanter M, Rabkin R, Rabkin J, and Deutsch A
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders psychology, Personal Satisfaction, Stress, Psychological psychology, Interview, Psychological, Psychological Tests, Religion and Psychology, Social Conformity
- Abstract
The authors undertook this study to enhance psychiatric understanding of contemporary charismatic religious sects. After a pilot study, a representative sample of members of the Unification Church (N = 237) completed a 216-item structured questionnaire. Respondents were below the mean for an age- and sex-matched group on a psychological general well-being scale, and they reported significantly greater neurotic distress before conversion. The authors discuss correlates of an improved emotional state following conversion and employ attribution theory, drawn from social psychology, to put the conversion process into a psychiatric perspective.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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18. Self-help groups for parents of young drug and alcohol abusers.
- Author
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Galanter M, Gleaton T, Marcus CE, and McMillen J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism genetics, Alcoholism prevention & control, Attitude to Health, Child, Community Mental Health Services, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Referral and Consultation, Social Facilitation, Social Support, Substance-Related Disorders genetics, Substance-Related Disorders prevention & control, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Parents psychology, Self-Help Groups, Substance-Related Disorders rehabilitation
- Abstract
A national movement of parent self-help groups has recently emerged to combat drug abuse in children and adolescents. This innovative modality addresses a major mental health problem in an area where manpower shortages are anticipated. On the basis of self-report data from 135 parent group members, the drug and behavior problems of their children were evaluated. Improvement was reported in the community at large but more frequently in the children of members. The parent groups differed notably in structure and activities; nonetheless, the underlying psychology of membership, i.e., the shared attitudes and social cohesiveness of the members, facilitated the achieving of common goals.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
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19. Alcohol and drug abuse consultation in the general hospital: a systems approach.
- Author
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Galanter M, Karsu TB, and Wilder JF
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Referral and Consultation, Systems Analysis, Alcoholism therapy, Hospitals, General, Mental Health Services, Substance-Related Disorders therapy
- Abstract
The authors describe a program that is directed at assuring effective treatment and referral for alcoholic and addicted patients in a general hospital; the program was developed to assure maximal utlization of available addiction treatment facilities without adding to the hospital staff. Drawing on systems theory, the authors review both a pragmatic and a conceptual basis for psychiatric intervention with paraprofessional support to provide consultation to the general medical staff who treat alcoholic and addicted patients. They stress the feasibility of altering the nature of the hospital system to achieve more effective treatment for these patients.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
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20. Unification Church ("Moonie") dropouts: psychological readjustment after leaving a charismatic religious group.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adjustment Disorders etiology, Adjustment Disorders psychology, Adult, Affective Symptoms psychology, Attitude, Coercion, Depressive Disorder psychology, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Male, Paranoid Disorders psychology, Social Adjustment, Adaptation, Psychological, Affective Symptoms etiology, Religion and Psychology
- Abstract
Of 66 persons who left the Unification Church (the "Moonies"), twenty-three (36%) reported that they had had serious emotional problems after leaving. After an average of 3.8 years, however, the former members studied here had apparently achieved a stable adjustment. Most of them retained a notable fidelity toward the sect and its beliefs, but those who had been "deprogrammed" had more negative views and themselves had coerced other members to leave. The author examines the impact of group membership on individual development and looks at departure in relation to the psychopathology, such as depression and paranoid ideation, that may emerge.
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- 1983
- Full Text
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21. "Moonies" get married: a psychiatric follow-up study of a charismatic religious sect.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adult, Courtship, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Personality Inventory, Social Adjustment, Group Processes, Homosexuality psychology, Marriage, Religion and Psychology
- Abstract
A 3-year follow-up of longtime engaged members of the Unification Church revealed remarkable compliance with the sect's unusual marital commitments. Of 305 subjects, 95% were still active in the church and 85% had been married in the interim to mates designated by their religious leader. Their scores on a measure of psychological well-being remained below those of the general population, and members who deviated from the sect's expectations showed even greater distress. Furthermore, analysis revealed that affiliative ties with the sect apparently counteracted the distress produced by the unusual marital experience and help to explain compliance with the sect's unusual behavioral norms.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
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22. Zealous self-help groups as adjuncts to psychiatric treatment: a study of Recovery, Inc.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Attitude to Health, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Lithium therapeutic use, Male, Mental Disorders psychology, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Psychotropic Drugs therapeutic use, Social Adjustment, Social Support, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Disorders therapy, Self-Help Groups standards
- Abstract
In a controlled study of Recovery, Inc., a self-help program for people with psychiatric problems, the author found a decline in both symptoms and concomitant psychiatric treatment after subjects had joined the group. Scores for neurotic distress reported after joining were considerably lower than those reported for the period before joining. Scores for psychological well-being of longstanding Recovery members were no different from those of community control subjects, and fewer long-term members than recent members were being treated with psychotropic medication and psychotherapy. The author concludes that peer-led self-help groups have value as an adjunct to psychiatric treatment.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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23. Charismatic religious sects and psychiatry: an overview.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Psychological, Feedback, Humans, Life Style, Mental Disorders etiology, Mental Disorders therapy, Models, Psychological, Persuasive Communication, Psychotherapy, Substance-Related Disorders etiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Substance-Related Disorders therapy, Systems Theory, Group Processes, Mental Disorders psychology, Religion and Psychology
- Abstract
Phenomena associated with contemporary charismatic religious sects raise questions about the combined impact of group influence and intensely held beliefs on group members' psychological functioning. The author considers the stages of membership in these sects, with emphasis on psychiatric aspects of conversion, long-term membership, and leaving. He discusses options for psychiatric intervention, including psychotherapy, conservatorships, and deprogramming. Systems theory is used to provide a psychological model for the relationship between group influence in these sects and current conceptions of individual psychopathology and normal adaptation.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Research on social supports and mental illness.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Community Psychiatry, Humans, Life Change Events, Mental Disorders etiology, Mental Disorders therapy, Research Design, Self-Help Groups, Mental Disorders psychology, Social Environment, Social Support
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Craft versus profession in alcoholism treatment.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Humans, Methods, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Allied Health Personnel, Psychiatry
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The "relief effect": a sociobiological model for neurotic distress and large-group therapy.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Animals, Genetics, Behavioral, Group Processes, Humans, Models, Psychological, Neurotic Disorders therapy, Social Adjustment, Biological Evolution, Models, Biological, Neurotic Disorders psychology, Psychotherapy, Group, Social Behavior
- Abstract
The author discusses the new discipline of sociobiology. He develops the hypothesis that relief of neurotic distress may be associated with experiencing social affiliation and presents data that demonstrate a decline in neurotic symptom intensity in individuals who joined a cohesive religious sect. Anthropological and ethological evidence for the adaptive value of this "relief effect" provides a basis for the evolution of this trait. The author proposes a corresponding model for psychotherapy in large groups.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The current status of psychiatric education in alcoholism and drug abuse.
- Author
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Galanter M, Kaufman E, Taintor Z, Robinowitz CB, Meyer RE, and Halikas J
- Subjects
- Curriculum, Humans, United States, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Internship and Residency, Psychiatry education, Substance-Related Disorders rehabilitation
- Abstract
The authors conducted a survey of psychiatric education in alcoholism and drug abuse in the United States. Ninety-seven percent of 106 undergraduate training programs and 91% of 169 residency programs offered curriculum units in this field. Most of these programs also provided supervised clinical care. Areas of reported faculty dissatisfaction included problems with attitude and interest of psychiatric faculty and with the amount of curriculum time allotted. The authors conclude that although the amount of curriculum time devoted to training in alcoholism and drug abuse is growing, further investment in developing faculty and fellowships is warranted to increase the quality of teaching commitment.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Subspecialty training in alcoholism and drug abuse.
- Author
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Galanter M
- Subjects
- Curriculum, Humans, United States, Alcoholism rehabilitation, Internship and Residency, Psychiatry education, Specialization, Substance-Related Disorders rehabilitation
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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