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Effects of large phase gradients on the Josephson relation have been estimated by a modification of the Aslamazov-Larkin theory. The results are applied to explain the Dayem-Wyatt effect.

Measurements have been made within a few micrometers of a current-carrying superconducting-normal boundary, which indicate that an electric potential exists in the superconductor in this region. Near the transition temperature the experimental results are consistent in magnitude and temperature dependence with a theory recently proposed by Rieger, Scalapino, and Mercereau.