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We couple the full 3D ab initio quantum evolution of the light pulse polarization in interaction with an atom with a propagation model to simulate the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses over macroscopic dimensions, in the presence of self-generated harmonics up to order 11. We evidence a clear feedback of the generated harmonics on propagation, with an influence on the ionization probability as well as the yield of the harmonic generation itself., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

In this paper we examine the spectral changes in a white light laser filament due to different pulse shapes generated by a pulse shaping setup. We particularly explore how the properties of the filament spectra can be controlled by parametrically tailored white light pulses. The experiments are carried out in a gas cell with up to 9 bar of argon. Plasma generation and self-phase modulation strongly affect the pulse in the spectral and temporal domain. By exploiting these effects we show that the pulse spectrum can be modified in a desired way by either using second order parametric chirp functions to shift the filament spectrum to higher or lower wavelengths, or by optimizing pulse shapes with a genetic algorithm to generate more complex filament spectra. This paper is one of the first examples of the application of complex, parametrically shaped white light pulses., 14 pages, 7 figures

We investigate the pulse partitioning of a 6.3 mJ, 450 fs pulse at 1030 nm to produce plasma channels. At such moderate energies, splitting the energy into several sub-pulses reduces the ionization efficiency and thus does not extend the plasma lifetime. We numerically show that when sufficient energy to produce multifilamentation is available, splitting the pulse temporally in a pulse train increases the gas temperature compared to a filament bundle of the same energy. This could improve the mean free path of the free electrons, therefore enhancing the efficiency of discharge triggering., Correcting typo in Eq. (12) and unit of $\beta_{ep}$ in Table I

We study the triggering of single filaments due to turbulence in the beam path for a laser of power below the filamenting threshold. Turbulence can act as a switch between the beam not filamenting and producing single filaments. This 'positive' effect of turbulence on the filament probability, combined with our observation of off-axis filaments suggests the underlying mechanism is modulation instability caused by transverse perturbations. We hereby experimentally explore the interaction of modulation instability and turbulence, commonly associated with multiple-filaments, in the single-filament regime., 5 pages, 6 figures

The impact of nonadiabatic laser-induced molecular alignment on filamentation is numerically studied. Weak and strong field model of impulsive molecular alignment are compared in the context of nonlinear pulse propagation. It is shown that the widely used weak field model describing the refractive index modification induced by impulsive molecular alignment accurately reproduces the propagation dynamics providing that only a single pulse is involved during the experiment. On the contrary, it fails at reproducing the nonlinear propagation experienced by an intense laser pulse traveling in the wake of a second strong laser pulse. The discrepancy depends on the relative delay between the two pulses and is maximal for delays corresponding to half the rotational period of the molecule.

We experimentally measured the supercontinuum generation using 3-J, 30-fs laser pulses and measured white-light generation at the level of 1 J. Such high energy is allowed by a strong contribution to the continuum by the photon bath, as compared to the self-guided filaments. This contribution due to the recently observed congestion of the filament number density in the beam profile at very high intensity also results in a wider broadening for positively chirped pulses rather than for negatively chirped ones, similar to broadening in hollow-core fibers.

We numerically investigate the pulse compression mechanism in the infrared spectral range based on the successive action of nonlinear pulse propagation in a hollow-core fiber followed by linear propagation through bulk material. We found an excellent agreement of simulated pulse properties with experimental results at 1.8 {mu}m in the two-optical-cycle regime close to the Fourier limit. In particular, the spectral phase asymmetry attributable to self-steepening combined with self-phase modulation is a necessary prerequisite for subsequent compensation by the phase introduced by glass material in the anomalous dispersion regime. The excellent agreement of the model enabled simulating pressure and wavelength tunability of sub-two cycles in the range from 1.5 to 4 {mu}m with this cost-efficient and robust approach.

We show experimentally that the interaction of two multifilamenting beams in fused silica with incidence angles up to a few degrees results in an increase in the symmetry of the continuum emission from ${D}_{2}$ to ${C}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ around the axis of symmetry between the two beams. We observe an intense white disk between the locations of the individual conical emission patterns, reducing the conical emission in each of them. We attribute this behavior to an enhanced self-phase modulation in the interference region between the two beams. This frequency conversion depletes by more than 40% the energy initially available in the photon bath to feed filaments.

The optical-absorption spectrum of Lib has been observed by depletion spectroscopy in the 400-700-nm range. The experimental results are compared with theoretical spectra calculated for the three Li 6 structures in competition and we have been able to unambiguously determine the most stable Li 6 geometry as being the C 2υ tripyramidal geometry

International audience; The filamentation of powerful, ultrashort laser pulses in liquids is investigated. It is shown that the multiple filaments produced in ethanol can be modified into controllable, regular patterns by doping the medium with dyes at high concentrations. Experimental results are confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations. Pump-dump pulse experiments furthermore reveal that the stimulated emission from excited dye molecules in the bundle can be locked in phase and leads to bright interference patterns.

We present time-resolved measurements of the ballistic trajectory of ultrashort optical wave packets circulating near the surface of a dielectric microcavity. The wave-packet dynamics are determined by using twocolor two-photon induced fluorescence of Coumarin 510 within the microcavity as a correlator. Ballistic motion of the wave packets in whispering gallery modes and rainbow trajectories has been deduced from the time delay between collisions of the two wave packets. The cavity ringdown time is measured for each of the wave packets, which retain their integrity even after several round trips.

A l'aide de l'ionisation biphotonique resonnante, identification de l'etat excite 2 2 E' avec une bande origine a 14583 cm −1 . Analyse des donnees a l'aide du modele Jahn-Teller dynamique: les caracteristiques de distorsion et de localisation sont faibles et l'etat vibronique inferieur est situe au-dessus de l'intersection conique, ce qui implique une geometrie D 3h ; le mode symetrique se situe a 326 cm −1 . Analyse des etats rotationnels; facteurs de Franck-Condon

The temperatures of sputtered alkali-metal dimers have been measured using one- and two-photon ionization spectroscopy. They are estimated to be 1470 +- 300 K, 1025 +- 200 K, and 1000 +- 200 K for Cs/sub 2/, K/sub 2/, and Na/sub 2/, respectively. The vibrational and rotational temperatures are found to be very similar. No dependence of the dimer excitation is found, neither on target temperature nor on the primary-ion energy. The results are compared with some currently used models to explain cluster formation in sputtering experiments.