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Start Over Author "C. H. Lin" Publisher american physical society (aps)
23 results on '"C. H. Lin"'

1. Single-layer dual germanene phases on Ag(111)

Author

Tai-Chang Chiang, Horng-Tay Jeng, Cheng Maw Cheng, Ryu Yukawa, Woei Wu Pai, Shu-Jung Tang, Tay-Rong Chang, Ting-Yu Chen, Angus Huang, Iwao Matsuda, Chung-Yu Mou, Wei Chuan Chen, and C.-H. Lin

Subjects
Germanene, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Silicene, Graphene, 02 engineering and technology, Electronic structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Lattice constant, Quantum spin Hall effect, law, 0103 physical sciences, Stanene, General Materials Science, Scanning tunneling microscope, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattices beyond graphene promise new physical properties such as quantum spin Hall effect. While there have been claims of growth of such lattices (silicene, germanene, stanene), their existence needs further support and their preparation and characterization remain a difficult challenge. Our findings suggest that two distinct phases associated with germanene, the analog of graphene made of germanium (Ge) instead of carbon, can be grown on Ag(111) as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. One such germanene exhibits an atom-resolved alternatively buckled full honeycomb lattice, which is tensile strained and partially commensurate with the substrate to form a striped phase (SP). The other, a quasifreestanding phase (QP), is also consistent with a honeycomb lattice with a lattice constant incommensurate with the substrate but very close to the theoretical value for freestanding germanene. The SP, with a lower atomic density, can be driven into the QP and coexist with the QP by additional Ge deposition. Band mapping and first-principles calculations with proposed SP and QP models reveal an interface state exists only in the SP but the characteristic \ensuremath{\sigma} band of freestanding germanene emerges only in the QP---this leads to an important conclusion that adlayer-substrate commensurability plays a key role to affect the electronic structure of germanene. The evolution of the dual germanene phases manifests the competitive formation of Ge-Ge covalent and Ge-Ag interfacial bonds.

Published
2018

2. NMR Evidence for Inhomogeneous Nematic Fluctuations inBaFe2(As1−xPx)2

Author

Kent Shirer, T. Kissikov, Rafael M. Fernandes, H.-J. Grafe, Jiun-Haw Chu, Ian R. Fisher, C. H. Lin, N. J. Curro, M. Lawson, and Adam Dioguardi

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Spin magnetic moment, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Iron-based superconductor, Liquid crystal, 0103 physical sciences, Relaxation (physics), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

We present evidence for nuclear spin-lattice relaxation driven by glassy nematic fluctuations in isovalent P-doped BaFe_{2}As_{2} single crystals. Both the ^{75}As and ^{31}P sites exhibit a stretched-exponential relaxation similar to the electron-doped systems. By comparing the hyperfine fields and the relaxation rates at these sites we find that the As relaxation cannot be explained solely in terms of magnetic spin fluctuations. We demonstrate that nematic fluctuations couple to the As nuclear quadrupolar moment and can explain the excess relaxation. These results suggest that glassy nematic dynamics are a common phenomenon in the iron-based superconductors.

Published
2016

3. NMR evidence of anisotropic Kondo liquid behavior inCeIrIn5

Author

Kent Shirer, N. apRoberts-Warren, John C. Crocker, C. H. Lin, D. M. Nisson, N. J. Curro, A. P. Dioguardi, P. Klavins, and A. C. Shockley

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed matter physics, Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Knight shift, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Strongly correlated material, Kondo effect, Anomaly (physics), Anisotropy
Abstract

We report detailed Knight shift measurements of the two indium sites in the heavy fermion compound CeIrIn$_5$ as a function of temperature and field orientation. We find that the Knight shift anomaly is orientation-dependent, with a crossover temperature $T^*$ that varies by 50% as the field is rotated from (001) to (100). This result suggests that the hybridization between the Ce 4f states and the itinerant conduction electrons is anisotropic, a result that reflects its collective origin, and may lead to anisotropic Kondo liquid behavior and unconventional superconductivity., 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015

5. Erratum: Relaxations of the surface photovoltage effect on the atomically controlled semiconductor surfaces studied by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy [Phys. Rev. B88, 165313 (2013)]

Author

M. Ogawa, Kazuo Fujikawa, S. Yamamoto, Shu-Jung Tang, Mathieu G. Silly, Rei Hobara, Ryu Yukawa, Sh. Yamamoto, Hiroshi Daimon, Iwao Matsuda, Debora Pierucci, Ro-Ya Liu, C.-H. Lin, S. Kitagawa, and Fausto Sirotti

Subjects
Semiconductor, Materials science, business.industry, Photoemission spectroscopy, Surface photovoltage, Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Molecular physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2014

6. Origin of Antimony Segregation inGaInSb/InAsStrained-Layer Superlattices

Author

C.-H. Lin, D. H. Chow, S. S. Pei, M. Weimer, J. Steinshnider, and J. Harper

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Superlattice, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Epitaxy, Ion, law.invention, Antimony, chemistry, law, Monolayer, Spatial evolution, Scanning tunneling microscope, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

We show how cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy may be used to reconstruct the Sb segregation profiles in GaInSb $/$InAs strained-layer superlattices. These profiles are accurately described by a one-dimensional model parametrizing the spatial evolution of an Sb seed at the InAs-on-GaInSb interface in terms of two-anion-layer exchange. We argue that the segregation seed, which decreases from $\frac{2}{3}$ to $\frac{1}{2}$ monolayer when growth conditions are made less anion rich, has its origin in the Sb-bilayer reconstruction maintained during GaInSb epitaxy.

Published
2000

7. Variation of anomalous Pr ordering and crystal symmetry for the oxygenatedPr1+xBa2−xCu3O7+ysystem

Author

Yu-Hsuan Lin, S. R. Hwang, C. H. Chang, H. M. Luo, Wen-Hsien Li, Hsien Chung Kao, James C. Ho, H. C. Ku, Yung-Yuan Hsu, H. C. Chiang, B. N. Lin, T. J. Lee, Tung Hsu, C. H. Lin, and J.B. Shi

Subjects
Bond length, Superconductivity, Physics, Tetragonal crystal system, Crystallography, Condensed matter physics, Rietveld refinement, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Orthorhombic crystal system, Crystal structure, Type (model theory)
Abstract

Structural, transport, magnetic, calorimetric, and neutron data were reported for the oxygen-annealed ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7+y}$ or 1212-type ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pr}}_{x}{)\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7+y}$ system $(0l~xl~1,$ $\ensuremath{-}0.11l~yl~0.31).$ Powder x-ray Rietveld analysis indicates that due to subtle oxygen distribution in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{1+y}$ plane for these oxygenated cuprates, two structural symmetry transitions were observed, from orthorhombic $1212C$ (CuO chain) O(I) phase (space group Pmmm) for $0l~xl~0.4,$ to tetragonal 1212 T phase $(P4/mmm)$ for $0.4l~xl~0.65,$ and then to a different type of orthorhombic 1212 O(II) phase (Cmmm) for $0.65lxl1.$ Resistivity data indicate that Pr-in-Ba is not favorable for metallic state and no superconductivity can be detected for these insulating cuprates. Magnetic-susceptibility, heat-capacity, and neutron-diffraction data show that, regardless of the structural transitions, the anomalous N\'eel temperature ${T}_{N}(\mathrm{Pr})$ decreases monotonically and smoothly from 18 K for $x=0$ to 2.5 K for $x=0.8,$ with the same c-axis antiferromagnetic Pr spin alignment. The increasing Pr-O bond length observed with decreasing ${T}_{N}(\mathrm{Pr})$ indicates that this unusual Pr magnetic ordering is closely correlated with the wave-function overlap between $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{r}\ensuremath{-}4f$ orbital and eight $\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}2{p}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ orbital in the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ bilayer.

Published
2000

8. Coexistence of Cluster Spin Glass and Superconductivity inBa(Fe1−xCox)2As2for0.060≤x≤0.071

Author

Paul C. Canfield, Kent Shirer, Sergey L. Bud'ko, A. C. Shockley, Nicholas Curro, M. Lawson, C. H. Lin, Sheng Ran, N. apRoberts-Warren, Adam Dioguardi, J. Crocker, and D. M. Nisson

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Spin glass, Condensed matter physics, Spin dynamics, General Physics and Astronomy, Order (ring theory), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Antiferromagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Order of magnitude
Abstract

We present $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ nuclear magnetic resonance data from measurements of a series of $\mathrm{Ba}({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ crystals with $0.00\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.075$ that reveals the coexistence of frozen antiferromagnetic domains and superconductivity for $0.060\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.071$. Although bulk probes reveal no long range antiferromagnetic order beyond $x=0.06$, we find that the local spin dynamics reveal no qualitative change across this transition. The characteristic domain sizes vary by more than an order of magnitude, reaching a maximum variation at $x=0.06$. This inhomogeneous glassy dynamics may be an intrinsic response to the competition between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in this system.

Published
2013

9. Relaxations of the surface photovoltage effect on the atomically controlled semiconductor surfaces studied by time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Author

Hiroshi Daimon, Sh. Yamamoto, Debora Pierucci, Ryu Yukawa, S. Kitagawa, Kazuo Fujikawa, Iwao Matsuda, Shu-Jung Tang, M. Ogawa, Susumu Yamamoto, Rei Hobara, Ro-Ya Liu, C.-H. Lin, Mathieu G. Silly, and Fausto Sirotti

Subjects
Materials science, Semiconductor, business.industry, Photoemission spectroscopy, Surface photovoltage, Optoelectronics, Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, business, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2013

10. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of pseudospin fluctuations in URu2Si2

Author

Michael Graf, Alexander V. Balatsky, Kevin Huang, Jason T. Haraldsen, A. C. Shockley, Jason C. Cooley, John C. Crocker, N. J. Curro, Noravee Kanchanavatee, Marc Janoschek, Kent Shirer, D. M. Nisson, C. H. Lin, M. B. Maple, N. apRoberts-Warren, and A. P. Dioguardi

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Relaxation (NMR), Condensed Matter Physics, Hidden order, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Paramagnetism, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Phase (matter), Density of states, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Pseudogap, Ground state, Realization (systems)
Abstract

Here, we report 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance measurements in single crystals and aligned powders of URu2Si2 in the hidden order and paramagnetic phases. The spin-lattice relaxation data reveal evidence of pseudospin fluctuations of U moments in the paramagnetic phase. We find evidence for partial suppression of the density of states below 30 K and analyze the data in terms of a two-component spin-fermion model. We propose that this behavior is a realization of a pseudogap between the hidden-order transition THO and 30 K. This behavior is then compared to other materials that demonstrate precursor fluctuations in a pseudogap regime above a ground state with long-range order.

Published
2013

11. Oscillatory relaxation of surface photovoltage on a silicon surface

Author

Ryu Yukawa, Rei Hobara, Susumu Yamamoto, Ro-Ya Liu, Shu-Jung Tang, Iwao Matsuda, M. Ogawa, and C.-H. Lin

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Materials science, Silicon, Photoemission spectroscopy, Surface photovoltage, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermionic emission, Nanosecond, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Relaxation (physics), Atomic physics, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract

Time-resolved measurement of photoemission spectroscopy was made to trace a change of surface potential after the surface photovoltage effect on a Si(111) $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ surface. Two relaxation processes were found with decay times of nanoseconds and hundreds of nanoseconds, which are explained in terms of the tunneling and the thermionic relaxation schemes, respectively. At the high laser power density, the relaxation has become oscillatory with a temporal period of several tens of nanoseconds.

Published
2013

12. Nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe of electronic states of Bi2Se3

Author

Nicholas Curro, C. H. Lin, D. M. Nisson, A. C. Shockley, J. Crocker, Peter Klavins, Kent Shirer, and Adam Dioguardi

Subjects
Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Knight shift, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electronic states, Hyperfine coupling, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Relaxation rate, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Surface states
Abstract

We present magnetotransport and ${}^{209}$Bi nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data on a series of single crystals of Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$, Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{2}$Se, and Cu${}_{x}$Bi${}_{2}$Se${}_{3}$ with varying carrier concentrations. The Knight shift of the bulk nuclei is strongly correlated with the carrier concentration via a hyperfine coupling of 27 $\ensuremath{\mu}$eV, which may have important consequences for scattering of the protected surface states. Surprisingly we find that the NMR linewidths and the spin-lattice relaxation rate appear to be dominated by the presence of localized spins, which may be related to the presence of Se vacancies.

Published
2013

13. Consonant diminution of lattice and electronic coupling between a film and a substrate: Pb on Ge(100)

Author

C.-H. Lin, Shu-Jung Tang, Cheng Maw Cheng, Horng-Tay Jeng, Yu Hsuan Lu, Tay-Rong Chang, Chi Bin Wang, Li Yen Liang, Pei Wen Chen, and Ku Ding Tsuei

Subjects
Materials science, Electron diffraction, Condensed matter physics, Atomic orbital, Photoemission spectroscopy, Lattice (order), Crystal structure, Condensed Matter Physics, Square lattice, Quantum well, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The dependence on thickness of electronic and lattice structures of Pb films deposited on Ge(100) substrate was investigated with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. Pb films grew in the (111) surface direction with two (1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 1) domains rotated 90 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} relative to each other despite a square lattice of Ge(100); correspondingly, the heavy-hole band edge of Ge does not interact with quantum-well--state bands of Pb films. Symmetry arguments in terms of orbitals of Pb quantum-well states and Ge band edges correlate the consonant diminution of lattice and electronic coupling between the film and the substrate.

Published
2011

14. Kondo liquid emergence and relocalization in the approach to antiferromagnetic ordering in CePt2In7

Author

David Pines, Yang Yang, N. apRoberts-Warren, John C. Crocker, P. Klavins, C. H. Lin, A. C. Shockley, Adam Dioguardi, and Nicholas Curro

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Quasiparticle, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Knight shift, Strongly correlated material, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic susceptibility, Scaling, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

CePt2In7 is a heavy fermion system with an antiferromagnetic transition at T-N = 5.2 K at ambient pressure. Pt-195 Knight shift measurements reveal anomalous behavior below T* similar to 40 K. By comparing the susceptibility and Knight shift data, we extract the individual contributions of the local moments and the heavy electron components to the magnetic susceptibility. Our results confirm the scaling predictions of the standard model, but reveal a surprising result, namely, that below 14 K the hybridized quasiparticles begin to "relocalize," an important precursor to their joining the local moments in becoming antiferromagnetically ordered at T-N.

Published
2011

15. Commensurate antiferromagnetism inCePt2In7, a nearly two-dimensional heavy fermion system

Author

Nicholas Curro, J. Crocker, Adam Dioguardi, N. apRoberts-Warren, C. H. Lin, Peter Klavins, and A. C. Shockley

Subjects
Physics, Condensed matter physics, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Resonance, Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing), State (functional analysis), Condensed Matter Physics, Polycrystalline material, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Paramagnetism, Phase (matter), Heavy fermion, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Strongly correlated material
Abstract

${\text{CePt}}_{2}{\text{In}}_{7}$ is a new heavy fermion system with a structure similar to the $\text{Ce}M{\text{In}}_{5}$ system but with greater two-dimensional character. We report the synthesis and characterization of phase pure polycrystalline material, which reveals an antiferromagnetic transition at ${T}_{N}=5.2\text{ }\text{K}$. Nuclear quadrupolar resonance studies indicate that the antiferromagnetism is commensurate and exhibits strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations in the paramagnetic state.

Published
2010

16. Phase separation and nanostructuring in the thermoelectric materialPbTe1−xSxstudied using the atomic pair distribution function technique

Author

Merkouri G Kanatzidis, C. H. Lin, John Androulakis, He Lin, Christos D. Malliakas, Simon J. L. Billinge, and E. S. Božin

Subjects
Length scale, Materials science, Distribution function, Condensed matter physics, Spinodal decomposition, Scattering, Phase (matter), Atomic pair, Nanometre, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermoelectric materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

The average and local structures of the ${(\text{PbTe})}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\text{PbS})}_{x}$ system of thermoelectric materials has been studied using the Rietveld and atomic pair distribution function methods. Samples with $0.25\ensuremath{\le}x$ are macroscopically phase separated. Phase separation was suppressed in a quenched $x=0.5$ sample which, nonetheless, exhibited a partial spinodal decomposition. The promising thermoelectric material with $x=0.16$ showed intermediate behavior. Combining TEM and bulk scattering data suggests that the sample is a mixture of PbTe-rich material and a partially spinodally decomposed phase similar to the quenched 50% sample. This confirms that, in the bulk, this sample is inhomogeneous on a nanometer length scale, which may account for its enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit.

Published
2009

17. Pair-Correlation Effect and Virial Theorem in the Self-Consistent Density-Functional Theory

Author

J. Y. Hsu, C. Y. Cheng, and C. H. Lin

Subjects
Physics, Missing energy, Virial coefficient, Quantum mechanics, Virial expansion, Density functional theory, Electron, Interaction energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Virial theorem, Cluster expansion
Abstract

The self-consistent derivation of density-functional theory by cluster expansion gives each electron half of the interaction energy. The pair correlation effect maximizing the probability of particle separation recovers a missing energy that increases with the total number of electrons. It provides the first evidence that the virial theorem holds true for atomic and molecular systems. The $3d$ finite element method calculation of water molecule is also presented.

Published
2005

18. Effect of the inclusion of small metallic components in a two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystal with large full band gap

Author

Chien C. Chang, C. O. Chang, Ruey-Lin Chern, Jim Y. Chi, C. H. Lin, and Chien-Cheng Chang

Subjects
Materials science, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Band gap, Physics::Optics, Dielectric, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Optics, symbols, Direct and indirect band gaps, Perfect conductor, Rayleigh scattering, business, Electronic band structure, Photonic crystal
Abstract

In this study, we investigate the effect of metallic inclusion modeled as perfect conductor on a dielectric photonic crystal (silicon/air) with large full band gap. The dielectric crystal consists of a hexagonal array of circular dielectric columns, each connected to its nearest neighbors by slender rectangular rods. It is found that inclusion of small metallic components inside the circular dielectrics sharply ``turns off`` the full band gap of the dielectric photonic crystal. By increasing the radius of metallic inclusion above a threshold value, the full band gap (of the metallodielectric photonic crystal) makes its appearance again and continues to grow in size. On the other hand, metallic inclusion in the air region shows an opposite trend that the full band gap is not turned off, and its size diminishes gradually to zero with increasing the radius of inclusion. These peculiar behaviors can be explained on a unified basis by examining different types of boundary conditions for TM and TE modes, and employing variational arguments based on Rayleigh's quotients. Moreover, the free-electron model for metallic components is also considered for TM modes. At large plasma frequencies, these modes show very close band structures to those described above for the case of perfect conductors.

Published
2004

19. Observation of Coherent Transient Birefringence in CS2Vapor

Author

J. P. Heritage, T. K. Gustafson, and C. H. Lin

Subjects
Physics, Superposition principle, Birefringence, law, Time evolution, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Transient (oscillation), Atomic physics, Laser, Excitation, law.invention, Pulse (physics)
Abstract

We have observed short-duration birefringence in C${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ vapor 38 and 76 psec after excitation with a mode-locked (\ensuremath{\sim} 5 psec duration) 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m glass: ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ laser pulse. These bursts are attributed to the time evolution of a coherent sum of rotational superposition states.

Published
1975

20. Birefringence arising from the reorientation of the polarizability anisotropy of molecules in collisionless gases

Author

C. H. Lin, J. P. Heritage, T. K. Gustafson, R. Y. Chiao, and J. P. McTague

Subjects
Physics, Birefringence, Condensed matter physics, Physics::Optics, Linear molecular geometry, Molecular physics, Rotational energy, symbols.namesake, Stark effect, Polarizability, symbols, Physics::Chemical Physics, Anisotropy, Refractive index, Excitation
Abstract

The refractive index change in a collisionless gas is evaluated from the Stark shifts of the rotational energy levels that arise from the polarizability anisotropy. For the limit of an extremely short-duration excitation, a multilevel coherent effect resulted in delayed refractive index bursts. Both stationary and transient responses of this birefringence to an optical field were considered for symmetric top molecules, with particular emphasis on the special case of linear molecules.

Published
1976

21. High-Pressure Study of the Anomalous Rare-Earth TernariesEu1.2Mo6S8andEu1.2Mo6Se8

Author

Ching-Wu Chu, S. Z. Huang, R. L. Meng, Maw-Kuen Wu, C.-H. Lin, and P. H. Schmidt

Subjects
Diffraction, Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, High pressure, X-ray crystallography, Rare earth, Hydrostatic pressure, General Physics and Astronomy, Computer Science::Digital Libraries
Abstract

The two anomalous rare-earth ternaries, ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{8}$, are investigated both resistively and magnetically under hydrostatic pressure up to \ensuremath{\sim}18 kbar. Superconductivity with an onset temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}11 K was observed abruptly at pressure above \ensuremath{\sim}7 kbar in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$. However, no superconductivity was detected in ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{8}$ down to 1.2 K and up to 18 kbar. Several possibilities are discussed and contrasted.

Published
1981

23. First Result from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station: Precision Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5–350 GeV

Author

Aguilar, M, Alberti, G, Alpat, B, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Anderhub, H, Arruda, L, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Baret, B, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Basili, A, Batalha, L, Bates, J, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Biland, A, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bolmont, J, Borgia, B. Borsini, S, Boschini, MJ, Boudoul, G, Bourquin, M, Brun, P, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, XD, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, MJ, Chang, YH, Chen, AI, Chen, CR, Chen, H, Cheng, GM, Chen, HS, Cheng, L, Chernoplyiokov, N, Chikanian, A, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, CH, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Commichau, V, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Dios, MT, Costado Coste, B, Crespo, D, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, B, Dennett, P, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Diao, XH, Diago, A, Djambazov, L, Diaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, WJ, Dubois, JM, Duperay, R, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eppling, FJ, Eronen, T, van Es, J, Esser, H, Falvard, A, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Flood, K, Foglio, R, Fohey, M, Fopp, S, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gallilee, M, Gallin Martel, L, Gallucci, G, Garcia, B, Garcia, J, Garcia Lopez, R, Garcia Tabares, L, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gentile, S, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Girard, L, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy Henningsen, C, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Grechko, A, Gross, A, Guerri, I, de la Guia, C, Guo, KH, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Hauler, F, He, ZH, Heil, M, Heilig, J, Hermel, R, Hofer, H, Huang, ZC, Hungerford, W, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jacholkowska, A, Jang, WY, Jinchi, H, Jongmanns, M, Journet, L, Jungermann, L, Karpinski, W, Kim, GN, Kim, KS, Kirn, Th, Kossakowski, R, Koulemzine, A, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, MS, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lauritzen, C, Lebedev, A, Lee, MW, Lee, SC, Leluc, C, Vargas, HL, Lepareur, V, Li, JQ, Li, Q, Li, TX, Li, W, Li, ZH, Lipari, P, Lin, CH, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lomtadze, T, Lu, YS, Lucidi, S, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, JZ, Lustermann, W, Lv, S, Madsen, J, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mana, C, Marin, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masciocchi, F, Masi, N, Maurin, D, McInturff, A, McIntyre, P, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Menichelli, M, Mereu, I, Millinger, M, Mo, DC, Molina, M, Mott, P, Mujunen, A, Natale, S, Nemeth, P, Ni, JQ, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oh, S, Oliva, A, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Park, WH, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Pauw, A, Pedreschi, E, Pereira, R, Perrin, E, Pierschel, G, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pochon, J, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Porter, S, Pouxe, J, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, XN, Rancoita, PG, Rapin, D, Ren, ZL, Ricol, JS, Riihonen, E, Rodriguez, I, Roeser, U, Rosier Lees, S, Rossi, L, Rozhkov, A, ROZZA, DAVIDE, Sabellek, A, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Santos, B, Saouter, P, Sarchioni, M, Schael, S, Schinzel, D, Schmanau, M, Schwering, G, von Dratzig, AS, Scolieri, G, Seo, ES, Shan, BS, Shi, JY, Shi, YM, Siedenburg, T, Siedling, R, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Steuer, M, Stiff, K, Sun, W, Sun, WH, Sun, XH, Tang, CP, Tang, XW, Tang, ZC, Tao, L, Tassan Viol, J, Ting, Samuel CC, Ting, SM, Titus, C, Tomassetti, N, Toral, F, Torsti, J, Tsai, JR, Tutt, JC, Ulbricht, J, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Trevino, MV, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Vergain, M, Verlaat, B, Vescovi, C, Vialle, JP, Viertel, G, Volpini, G, Wang, D, Wang, NH, Wang, QL, Wang, RS, Wang, X, Wang, ZX, Wallraff, W, Weng, ZL, Willenbrock, M, Wlochal, M, Wu, H, Wu, KY, Wu, ZS, Xiao, WJ, Xie, S, Xiong, RQ, Xin, GM, Xu, NS, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, QH, Yi, H, Yu, YJ, Yu, ZQ, Zeissler, S, Zhang, JG, Zhang, Z, Zhang, MM, Zheng, ZM, Zhuang, HL, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, Zurbach, C., BOELLA, GIULIANO FILIPPO, GERVASI, MASSIMO, PENSOTTI, SIMONETTA, PESSINA, GIANLUIGI EZIO, TACCONI, MAURO, M. Aguilar, G. Alberti, B. Alpat, A. Alvino, G. Ambrosi, K. Andeen, H. Anderhub, L. Arruda, P. Azzarello, A. Bachlechner, F. Barao, B. Baret, A. Barrau, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, L. Basara, A. Basili, L. Batalha, J. Bate, R. Battiston, J. Bazo, R. Becker, U. Becker, M. Behlmann, B. Beischer, J. Berdugo, P. Berge, B. Bertucci, G. Bigongiari, A. Biland, V. Bindi, S. Bizzaglia, G. Boella, W. de Boer, K. Bollweg, J. Bolmont, B. Borgia, S. Borsini, M. J. Boschini, G. Boudoul, M. Bourquin, P. Brun, M. Buénerd, J. Burger, W. Burger, F. Cadoux, X. D. Cai, M. Capell, D. Casadei, J. Casau, V. Cascioli, G. Castellini, I. Cernuda, F. Cervelli, M. J. Chae, Y. H. Chang, A. I. Chen, C. R. Chen, H. Chen, G. M. Cheng, H. S. Chen, L. Cheng, N. Chernoplyiokov, A. Chikanian, E. Choumilov, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, R. Clavero, G. Coignet, V. Commichau, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, M. T. Costado Dio, B. Coste, D. Crespo, Z. Cui, M. Dai, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, B. Demirkoz, P. Dennett, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, X. H. Diao, A. Diago, L. Djambazov, C. Díaz, P. von Doetinchem, W. J. Du, J. M. Duboi, R. Duperay, M. Duranti, D. D’Urso, A. Egorov, A. Eline, F. J. Eppling, T. Eronen, J. van E, H. Esser, A. Falvard, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, E. Finch, P. Fisher, K. Flood, R. Foglio, M. Fohey, S. Fopp, N. Fouque, Y. Galaktionov, M. Gallilee, L. Gallin-Martel, G. Gallucci, B. García, J. García, R. García-López, L. García-Tabare, C. Gargiulo, H. Gast, I. Gebauer, S. Gentile, M. Gervasi, W. Gillard, F. Giovacchini, L. Girard, P. Goglov, J. Gong, C. Goy-Henningsen, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. Grechko, A. Gro, I. Guerri, C. de la Guía, K. H. Guo, M. Habiby, S. Haino, F. Hauler, Z. H. He, M. Heil, J. Heilig, R. Hermel, H. Hofer, Z. C. Huang, W. Hungerford, M. Incagli, M. Ionica, A. Jacholkowska, W. Y. Jang, H. Jinchi, M. Jongmann, L. Journet, L. Jungermann, W. Karpinski, G. N. Kim, K. S. Kim, Th. Kirn, R. Kossakowski, A. Koulemzine, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, M. S. Krafczyk, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, C. Lauritzen, A. Lebedev, M. W. Lee, S. C. Lee, C. Leluc, H. León Varga, V. Lepareur, J. Q. Li, Q. Li, T. X. Li, W. Li, Z. H. Li, P. Lipari, C. H. Lin, D. Liu, H. Liu, T. Lomtadze, Y. S. Lu, S. Lucidi, K. Lübelsmeyer, J. Z. Luo, W. Lustermann, S. Lv, J. Madsen, R. Majka, A. Malinin, C. Mañá, J. Marín, T. Martin, G. Martínez, F. Masciocchi, N. Masi, D. Maurin, A. McInturff, P. McIntyre, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, M. Menichelli, I. Mereu, M. Millinger, D. C. Mo, M. Molina, P. Mott, A. Mujunen, S. Natale, P. Nemeth, J. Q. Ni, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, P. Nune, A. Obermeier, S. Oh, A. Oliva, F. Palmonari, C. Palomare, M. Paniccia, A. Papi, W. H. Park, M. Pauluzzi, F. Pau, A. Pauw, E. Pedreschi, S. Pensotti, R. Pereira, E. Perrin, G. Pessina, G. Pierschel, F. Pilo, A. Piluso, C. Pizzolotto, V. Plyaskin, J. Pochon, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, S. Porter, J. Pouxe, A. Putze, L. Quadrani, X. N. Qi, P. G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, Z. L. Ren, J. S. Ricol, E. Riihonen, I. Rodríguez, U. Roeser, S. Rosier-Lee, L. Rossi, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, A. Sabellek, R. Sagdeev, J. Sandwei, B. Santo, P. Saouter, M. Sarchioni, S. Schael, D. Schinzel, M. Schmanau, G. Schwering, A. Schulz von Dratzig, G. Scolieri, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, J. Y. Shi, Y. M. Shi, T. Siedenburg, R. Siedling, D. Son, F. Spada, F. Spinella, M. Steuer, K. Stiff, W. Sun, W. H. Sun, X. H. Sun, M. Tacconi, C. P. Tang, X. W. Tang, Z. C. Tang, L. Tao, J. Tassan-Viol, Samuel C. C. Ting, S. M. Ting, C. Titu, N. Tomassetti, F. Toral, J. Torsti, J. R. Tsai, J. C. Tutt, J. Ulbricht, T. Urban, V. Vagelli, E. Valente, C. Vannini, E. Valtonen, M. Vargas Trevino, S. Vaurynovich, M. Vecchi, M. Vergain, B. Verlaat, C. Vescovi, J. P. Vialle, G. Viertel, G. Volpini, D. Wang, N. H. Wang, Q. L. Wang, R. S. Wang, X. Wang, Z. X. Wang, W. Wallraff, Z. L. Weng, M. Willenbrock, M. Wlochal, H. Wu, K. Y. Wu, Z. S. Wu, W. J. Xiao, S. Xie, R. Q. Xiong, G. M. Xin, N. S. Xu, W. Xu, Q. Yan, J. Yang, M. Yang, Q. H. Ye, H. Yi, Y. J. Yu, Z. Q. Yu, S. Zeissler, J. G. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. M. Zhang, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, P. Zuccon, C. Zurbach, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Habiby Alaoui, Marion, Leluc, Catherine, Masciocchi, Florian, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrin, Eric, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, OpenMETU, CERN [Genève], Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Theoretical Physics [ETH Zürich] (ITP), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), RWTH Aachen University, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire [Genève] (DPNC), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (INFN, Sezione di Bologna), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Instituto de Matematicas (UNAM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1] (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Pisa (INFN Sezione di Pisa), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), AMS, Aguilar, M, Alberti, G, Alpat, B, Alvino, A, Ambrosi, G, Andeen, K, Anderhub, H, Arruda, L, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Baret, B, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Basili, A, Batalha, L, Bates, J, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Bigongiari, G, Biland, A, Bindi, V, Bizzaglia, S, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bolmont, J, Borgia, B., B, S, Boschini, M, Boudoul, G, Bourquin, M, Brun, P, Buenerd, M, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Casadei, D, Casaus, J, Cascioli, V, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, C, Chen, H, Cheng, G, Cheng, L, Chernoplyiokov, N, Chikanian, A, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Commichau, V, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Dios, M, Costado Coste, B, Crespo, D, Cui, Z, Dai, M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirkoz, B, Dennett, P, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Diao, X, Diago, A, Djambazov, L, Diaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Du, W, Dubois, J, Duperay, R, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eppling, F, Eronen, T, van Es, J, Esser, H, Falvard, A, Fiandrini, E, Fiasson, A, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Flood, K, Foglio, R, Fohey, M, Fopp, S, Fouque, N, Galaktionov, Y, Gallilee, M, Gallin Martel, L, Gallucci, G, Garcia, B, Garcia, J, Garcia Lopez, R, Garcia Tabares, L, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gentile, S, Gervasi, M, Gillard, W, Giovacchini, F, Girard, L, Goglov, P, Gong, J, Goy Henningsen, C, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Grechko, A, Gross, A, Guerri, I, de la Guia, C, Guo, K, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Hauler, F, He, Z, Heil, M, Heilig, J, Hermel, R, Hofer, H, Huang, Z, Hungerford, W, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jacholkowska, A, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Jongmanns, M, Journet, L, Jungermann, L, Karpinski, W, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Kossakowski, R, Koulemzine, A, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lauritzen, C, Lebedev, A, Lee, M, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Vargas, H, Lepareur, V, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Z, Lipari, P, Lin, C, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lomtadze, T, Lu, Y, Lucidi, S, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, J, Lustermann, W, Lv, S, Madsen, J, Majka, R, Malinin, A, Mana, C, Marin, J, Martin, T, Martinez, G, Masciocchi, F, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Mcinturff, A, Mcintyre, P, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Menichelli, M, Mereu, I, Millinger, M, Mo, D, Molina, M, Mott, P, Mujunen, A, Natale, S, Nemeth, P, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Obermeier, A, Oh, S, Oliva, A, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Papi, A, Park, W, Pauluzzi, M, Pauss, F, Pauw, A, Pedreschi, E, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Perrin, E, Pessina, G, Pierschel, G, Pilo, F, Piluso, A, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pochon, J, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Porter, S, Pouxe, J, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ren, Z, Ricol, J, Riihonen, E, Rodriguez, I, Roeser, U, Rosier Lees, S, Rossi, L, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sabellek, A, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Santos, B, Saouter, P, Sarchioni, M, Schael, S, Schinzel, D, Schmanau, M, Schwering, G, von Dratzig, A, Scolieri, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Shi, Y, Siedenburg, T, Siedling, R, Son, D, Spada, F, Spinella, F, Steuer, M, Stiff, K, Sun, W, Sun, X, Tacconi, M, Tang, C, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tassan Viol, J, Ting, S, Titus, C, Tomassetti, N, Toral, F, Torsti, J, Tsai, J, Tutt, J, Ulbricht, J, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Trevino, M, Vaurynovich, S, Vecchi, M, Vergain, M, Verlaat, B, Vescovi, C, Vialle, J, Viertel, G, Volpini, G, Wang, D, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, R, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wallraff, W, Weng, Z, Willenbrock, M, Wlochal, M, Wu, H, Wu, K, Wu, Z, Xiao, W, Xie, S, Xiong, R, Xin, G, Xu, N, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Ye, Q, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z, Zhang, M, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zuccon, P, and Zurbach, C

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, Electrons, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Electron, 01 natural sciences, and other elementary particle detectors, cosmic ray detectors, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, cosmic rays, muon, Neutrino, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Physics, Range (particle radiation), ta115, ta213, ta114, Cosmic rays, positron fraction, space experiments, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], pion, Observable, energy spectra and interactions, pion, and other elementary particle detectors, ELECTRONS, cosmic rays, dark matter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Composition
Abstract

A precision measurement by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 350 GeV based on 6.8 x 10(6) positron and electron events is presented. The very accurate data show that the positron fraction is steadily increasing from 10 to similar to 250 GeV, but, from 20 to 250 GeV, the slope decreases by an order of magnitude. The positron fraction spectrum shows no fine structure, and the positron to electron ratio shows no observable anisotropy. Together, these features show the existence of new physical phenomena. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.141102

Published
2013

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