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NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 is a new layered superconductor. We have studied the low-lying electronic structure of the single-crystalline NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 superconductor, whose superconducting transition temperature is 4.83 K, with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The Fermi surface consists of two small electron pockets around the X point and shows little warping along the kz direction. Our results demonstrate the multiband and two-dimensional nature of the electronic structure. The comparison between the photoemission data and the band calculations gives the renormalization factor of ∼1.14, indicating the rather weak electron correlations in this material. Moreover, we found that the actual electron doping level and Fermi surface size are much smaller than what are expected from the nominal composition, which could be largely explained by the bismuth deficiency. The small Fermi pocket size and the weak electron correlations found here put strong constraints on theory, and suggest that the BiS2-based superconductors could be conventional BCS superconductors mediated by the electron-phonon coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the prototypical 4d system (Sr,Ca)RuO3, the degree and origin of electron correlations, and how they correlate with physical properties, still remain elusive, though extensive studies have been performed. In this work we present a comparative electronic structure study of high-quality epitaxial CaRuO3 and SrRuO3 thin films, by means of reactive molecular beam epitaxy and in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We found that while SrRuO3 possesses sharp features signaling the Fermi liquid state, the isostructural CaRuO3 exhibits broad features and its spectral weight is markedly transferred from the Fermi level to -1.2 eV forming a "hump" structure which resembles the Mott-Hubbard system (Sr,Ca)VO3. We suggest that this hump is the precursor of the lower Hubbard band, and the U/W (U and W represent the on-site Coulomb interactions and bandwidth, respectively) of our CaRuO3 thin film is much larger than that of SrRuO3. In addition, we discuss the origin of electron correlations as well as the ferromagnetism in SrRuO3 which is absent in CaRuO3. Our findings put constraints on future studies, and also show that perovskite ruthenates are indeed an experimentally tunable system for the study of electron correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite SrRuO3, a prototypical conductive ferromagnetic oxide, exhibits a kink in its band dispersion signaling the unusual electron dynamics therein. However, the origin of this kink remains elusive. By taking advantage of the combo of reactive molecular beam epitaxy and in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically studied the evolution of the low-energy electronic structure of SrRuO3 films with thickness thinning down to a nearly two-dimensional limit in a well-controlled way. The kink structure persists even in the four-unit-cell-thick film. Moreover, through quantitative self-energy analysis, we observed the negligible thickness dependence of the binding energy of the kink, which is in sharp contrast to the downward trend of the Curie temperature with reducing the film thickness. Together with previously reported transport and Raman studies, this finding suggests that the kink of perovskite SrRuO3 should originate from the electron-phonon coupling rather than magnetic collective modes, and the in-plane phonons may play a dominant role. Considering such a kink structure of SrRuO3 is similar to those of many other correlated oxides, we suggest the possible ubiquity of the coupling of electrons to oxygen-related phonons in correlated oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the detailed electronic structure of WTe2 by high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We resolved a rather complicated Fermi surface of WTe2. Specifically, there are in total nine Fermi pockets, including one hole pocket at the Brillouin zone center г, and two hole pockets and two electron pockets on each side of г along the г-X direction. Remarkably, we have observed circular dichroism in our photoemission spectra, which suggests that the orbital angular momentum exhibits a rich texture at various sections of the Fermi surface. гhis is further confirmed by our density-functional-theory calculations, where the spin texture is qualitatively reproduced as the conjugate consequence of spin-orbital coupling. Since the spin texture would forbid backscatterings that are directly involved in the resistivity, our data suggest that the spin-orbit coupling and the related spin and orbital angular momentum textures may play an important role in the anomalously large magnetoresistance of WTe2. Furthermore, the large differences among spin textures calculated for magnetic fields along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions also provide a natural explanation of the large field-direction dependence on the magnetoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a systematic polarization-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the threedimensional electronic structure of the recently discovered 112-type iron-based superconductor Ca1-xLaxFeAs2 (x = 0 .1 ). Besides the commonly reported three holelike and two electronlike bands in iron-based superconductors, we resolve one additional holelike band around the zone center and one more fast-dispersing band near the X point in the vicinity of the Fermi level. By tuning the polarization and the energy of incident photons, we are able to identify the specific orbital character and the kz dependence of all bands. Combining these results with band calculations, we find that As 4pz and 4px (4py) orbitals contribute significantly to the additional three-dimensional holelike band and the narrow band, respectively. Also, there is considerable hybridization between the As 4pz and Fe 3d orbitals in the additional holelike band, which suggests strong coupling between the unique arsenic zigzag bond layers and the FeAs layers therein. Our findings provide a comprehensive picture of the orbital character of the low-lying band structure of 112-type iron-based superconductors, which can be a starting point for the further understanding of their unconventional superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological insulators represent unusual topological quantum states, typically with gapped bulk band structure but gapless surface Dirac fermions protected by time-reversal symmetry. Recently, a distinct kind of topological insulator resulting from nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry was proposed in the KHgX (X = As, Sb, Bi) compounds. Unlike regular topological crystalline insulators, the nonsymmorphic glide-reflection symmetry in KHgX guarantees the appearance of an exotic surface fermion with hourglass shape dispersion (where two pairs of branches switch their partners) residing on its (010) side surface, contrasting to the usual two-dimensional Dirac fermion form. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we systematically investigate the electronic structures of KHgSb on both (001) and (010) surfaces and reveal the unique in-gap surface states on the (010) surface with delicate dispersion consistent with the "hourglass Fermion" recently proposed. Our experiment strongly supports that KHgSb is a nonsymmorphic topological crystalline insulator with hourglass fermions, which serves as an important step to the discovery of unique topological quantum materials and exotic fermions protected by nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IV-VI semiconductor SnSe has been known as the material with record high thermoelectric performance. The multiple close-to-degenerate (or "convergent") valence bands in the electronic band structure has been one of the key factors contributing to the high power factor and thus figure of merit in the SnSe single crystal. To date, there have been primarily theoretical calculations of this particular electronic band structure. In this paper, however, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we perform a systematic investigation of the electronic structure of SnSe. We directly observe three predicted hole bands with small energy differences between their band tops and relatively small in-plane effective masses, in good agreement with the ab initio calculations and critical for the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient while keeping high electrical conductivity. Our results reveal the complete band structure of SnSe and help to provide a deeper understanding of the electronic origin of the excellent thermoelectric performances in SnSe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological Dirac semimetals (TDSs) represent a new state of quantum matter recently discovered that offers a platform for realizing many exotic physical phenomena. A TDS is characterized by the linear touching of bulk (conduction and valance) bands at discrete points in the momentum space [i.e., three-dimensional (3D) Dirac points], such as in Na3Bi and Cd3As2. More recently, new types of Dirac semimetals with robust Dirac line nodes (with nontrivial topology or near the critical point between topological phase transitions) have been proposed that extend the bulk linear touching from discrete points to one-dimensional (1D) lines. In this paper, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we explored the electronic structure of the nonsymmorphic crystals MSiS (M=Hf, Zr). Remarkably, by mapping out the band structure in the full 3D Brillouin zone (BZ), we observed two sets of Dirac line-nodes in parallel with the kz axis and their dispersions. Interestingly, along directions other than the line nodes in the 3D BZ, the bulk degeneracy is lifted by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in both compounds with larger magnitude in HfSiS. Our paper not only experimentally confirms a new Dirac line-node semimetal family protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry but also helps understanding and further exploring the exotic properties, as well as practical applications of the MSiS family of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PtBi2 with a layered hexagonal crystal structure was recently reported to exhibit an unconventional large linear magnetoresistance, while the mechanism involved is still elusive. Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we present a systematic study on its bulk and surface electronic structure. Through careful comparison with first-principle calculations, our experiment distinguishes the low-lying bulk bands from entangled surface states, allowing the estimation of the real composition of samples. We find significant electron doping in PtBi2, implying a substantial Bi-deficiency-induced disorder therein. Intriguingly, we discover a Dirac-cone-like surface state on the boundary of the Brillouin zone, which is identified as an accidental Dirac band without topological protection. Our findings exclude linear band dispersion in the quantum limit as the cause of the unconventional large linear magnetoresistance but give support to the classical disorder model from the perspective of the electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral materials have attracted significant research interests as they exhibit intriguing physical properties, such as chiral optical response, spin-momentum locking, and chiral induced spin selectivity. Recently, layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS_{2} has been found to host a chiral charge density wave (CDW) order. Nevertheless, the physical consequences of the chiral order, for example, in electronic structures and the optical properties, are yet to be explored. Here, we report the spectroscopic visualization of an emergent chiral electronic band structure in the CDW phase, characterized by windmill-shaped Fermi surfaces. We uncover a remarkable chirality-dependent circularly polarized Raman response due to the salient in-plane chiral symmetry of CDW, although the ordinary circular dichroism vanishes. Chiral Fermi surfaces and anomalous Raman responses coincide with the CDW transition, proving their lattice origin. Our Letter paves a path to manipulate the chiral electronic and optical properties in two-dimensional materials and explore applications in polarization optics and spintronics.

We report the detailed electronic structure of WTe2 by high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We resolved a rather complicated Fermi surface of WTe2. Specifically, there are in total nine Fermi pockets, including one hole pocket at the Brillouin zone center Γ, and two hole pockets and two electron pockets on each side of Γ along the Γ-X direction. Remarkably, we have observed circular dichroism in our photoemission spectra, which suggests that the orbital angular momentum exhibits a rich texture at various sections of the Fermi surface. This is further confirmed by our density-functional-theory calculations, where the spin texture is qualitatively reproduced as the conjugate consequence of spin-orbital coupling. Since the spin texture would forbid backscatterings that are directly involved in the resistivity, our data suggest that the spin-orbit coupling and the related spin and orbital angular momentum textures may play an important role in the anomalously large magnetoresistance of WTe2. Furthermore, the large differences among spin textures calculated for magnetic fields along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions also provide a natural explanation of the large field-direction dependence on the magnetoresistance.