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Quantum nonlocality gives us deeper insight into quantum physics. In addition, quantum nonlocality has been further recognized as an essential resource for device-independent quantum information processing in recent years. Most experiments of nonlocality are performed using a photonic system. However, until now, photonic experiments of nonlocality have involved at most four photons. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the six-photon quantum nonlocality in an all-versus-nothing manner based on a high-fidelity (88.4%) six-photon Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger state. Our experiment pushes multiphoton nonlocality studies forward to the six-photon region and might provide a larger photonic system for deviceindependent quantum information protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The α-T3 model is characterized by a variable Berry phase that changes continuously from π to 0. We take advantage of this property to highlight the effects of this underlying geometrical phase on a number of physical quantities. The Hall quantization of the two limiting cases is dramatically different: a relativistic series is associated with a Berry phase of it, and a nonrelativistic series is associated with the other limit. We study the quantization of the Hall plateaus as they continuously evolve from a relativistic to a nonrelativistic regime. Additionally, we describe two physical quantities that retain knowledge of the Berry phase in the absence of a motion-inducing magnetic field. The variable Berry phase of the α-T3 model allows us to explicitly describe the Berry phase dependence of the dynamical longitudinal optical conductivity and of the angular scattering probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-dimensional network model representing an array of coupled orbitals of nonzero orbital momenta has been used to illustrate the origin of the topological phase transformation between insulators of different Chern number. The model is based on the standard tight-binding approach, improved by inclusion of wave-function phases of orbital states. For a coupling stronger than a critical value the existence of chiral edge states has been observed. The corresponding anomalous Hall conductivity becomes quantized, as experimentally observed in magnetic topological insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory whose low energy physics is that of the fractional quantum Hall effect. The supersymmetry allows us to solve the theory analytically. We quantize the vortices and, by relating their dynamics to a matrix model, show that their ground state wave function is in the same universality class as the Laughlin state. We further construct coherent state representations of the excitations of a finite number of vortices. These are quasiholes. By an explicit computation of the Berry phase, without resorting to a plasma analogy, we show that these excitations have fractional charge and spin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the strictly periodic setting, the electric polarization of inversion-symmetric solids with and without timereversal symmetry and the isotropic magnetoelectric response function of time-reversal-symmetric insulators are known to be topological invariants displaying an exact Z2 quantization. This quantization is stabilized by the symmetries. In the present work, we investigate the fate of such symmetry-stabilized topological invariants in the presence of a disorder which breaks the symmetries but restores them on average. Using a rigorous analysis, we conclude that the strict quantization still holds in these conditions. Numerical calculations confirm this prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By quantizing the semiclassical motion of excitons, we show that the Berry curvature can cause an energy splitting between exciton states with opposite angular momentum. This splitting is determined by the Berry curvature flux through the k-space area spanned by the relative motion of the electron-hole pair in the exciton wave function. Using the gapped two-dimensional Dirac equation as a model, we show that this splitting can be understood as an effective spin-orbit coupling effect. In addition, there is also an energy shift caused by other "relativistic" terms. Our result reveals the limitation of the venerable hydrogenic model of excitons, and it highlights the importance of the Berry curvature in the effective mass approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study on a-decay fine structure is presented for even-even nuclei in the range 78 ≤ Z ≤ 102. The penetration probability is obtained from the WKB approximation in combination with the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. The potential barrier is numerically constructed in the well-established double-folding model for both Coulomb and nuclear potentials. A realistic M3Y interaction, based on the G-matrix elements of the Paris NN potential, has been used in the folding calculation. The local approximation for the nondiagonal one-body density matrix in the calculation of the exchange potential was included by using the harmonic oscillator representation of the nondiagonal density matrix of the a particle. The computed partial half-lives and branching ratios are compared with the recent experimental data and they are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a first quantization description of fractional Chern insulators that is the dual of the conventional fractional quantum Hall (FQH) problem, with the roles of position and momentum interchanged. In this picture, FQH states are described by anisotropic FQH liquids forming in momentum-space Landau levels in a fluctuating magnetic field. The fundamental quantum geometry of the problem emerges from the interplay of single-body and interaction metrics, both of which act as momentum-space duals of the geometrical picture of the anisotropic FQH effect. We then present a novel broad class of ideal Chem insulator lattice models that act as duals of the isotropic FQH effect. The interacting problem is well-captured by Haldane pseudopotentials and affords a detailed microscopic understanding of the interplay of interactions and nontrivial quantum geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological properties of the spin-1/2 dimerized Heisenberg ladder are investigated focusing on the plateau phase in the magnetic field whose magnetization is half of the saturation value. Although the applied magnetic field removes most of the symmetries of the system, there is a symmetry protected topological phase supported by the spatial inversion symmetry. The Z2 Berry phase associated with a symmetry respecting boundary and quantized into 0 and π is used as a symmetry protected topological order parameter. Edge states are also analyzed to confirm the bulk-edge correspondence. In addition, a symmetry breaking boundary is considered. Then, we observe a unique type of quantization of the Berry phase, a quantization into ±π/2 of the Berry phase. In this case, the bulk-edge correspondence is also unique, namely, there emerge "polarized" edge states for the case with ±π/2 quantization. We also evaluate the entanglement entropy by the infinite time-evolving block decimation (iTEBD) to complement the Berry phase based arguments. Further, a different type of the topological order parameter is extracted from the matrix product state representation of the ground state given by the iTEBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a nearly ideal quantum anomalous Hall effect in a three-dimensional topological insulator thin film with ferromagnetic doping. Near zero applied magnetic field we measure exact quantization in the Hall resistance to within a part per 10 000 and a longitudinal resistivity under 1 Ω per square, with chiral edge transport explicitly confirmed by nonlocal measurements. Deviations from this behavior are found to be caused by thermally activated carriers, as indicated by an Arrhenius law temperature dependence. Using the deviations as a thermometer, we demonstrate an unexpected magnetocaloric effect and use it to reach near-perfect quantization by cooling the sample below the dilution refrigerator base temperature in a process approximating adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the magnetic trapping of an ultracold ensemble of 87Rb atoms close to a superconducting ring prepared in different states of quantized magnetic flux. The niobium ring of 10 μm radius is prepared in a flux state n Φ0, where Φ0 = h/2e is the flux quantum and n varying between ±6. An atomic cloud of 250 nK temperature is positioned with a harmonic magnetic trapping potential at ~18 μm distance below the ring. The inhomogeneous magnetic field of the supercurrent in the ring contributes to the magnetic trapping potential of the cloud. The induced deformation of the magnetic trap impacts the shape of the cloud, the number of trapped atoms, as well as the center-of-mass oscillation frequency of Bose-Einstein condensates. When the field applied during cooldown of the chip is varied, the change of these properties shows discrete steps that quantitatively match flux quantization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic properties of surface areas decoupled from graphite are studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that it is possible to identify the decoupled graphene monolayer, the Bernal bilayer, and the Bernal trilayer on a graphite substrate according to their tunneling spectra in a high magnetic field. The decoupled monolayer and bilayer exhibit Landau quantization of massless and massive Dirac fermions, respectively. The substrate generates a sizable band gap ~35 meV in the Bernal bilayer, therefore, the eightfold degenerate Landau level at the charge neutrality point is split into two valley-polarized quartets polarized on each layer. In the decoupled Bernal trilayer, we find that both massless and massive Dirac fermions coexist and its low-energy band structure can be described quite well by taking into account only the nearest-neighbor intra- and interlayer hopping parameters. A strong correlation between the Fermi velocity of the massless Dirac fermions and the effective mass of the massive Dirac fermions is observed in the graphene trilayer. Our result demonstrates that the surface of graphite provides a natural ideal platform to probe the electronic spectra of graphene layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a "second-quantized" representation of the ring of symmetric functions tofurther develop a purely second-quantized, or "lattice," approach to the study of zero modes of frustration-free Haldane-pseudopotentialtype Hamiltonians, which in particular stabilize Laughlin ground states. We present three applications of this formalism. We start demonstrating how to systematically construct ah zero modes of Laughlin-type parent Hamiltonians in a framework that is free of first-quantized polynomial wave functions, and show that they are in one-to-one correspondence with dominance patterns. The starting point here is the pseudopotential Hamiltonian in "lattice form," stripped of all information about the analytic structure of Landau levels (dynamical momenta). Second, as a by-product, we make contact with the bosonization method, and obtain an alternative proof for the equivalence between bosonic and fermionic Fock spaces. Finally, we explicitly derive the second-quantized version of Read's nonlocal (string) order parameter for the Laughlin state, extending an earlier description by Stone. Commutation relations between the local quasihole operator and the local electron operator are generalized to various geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We note an implication of the chiral Luttinger liquid based edge state description of the fractional quantum Hall effect. By considering several examples that involve backward moving neutral modes, arising from either composite fermions with reverse flux attached or edge reconstruction, we show that nonuniversality of the edge exponent implies nonuniversality of the Hall conductance, as measured in the two-terminal conductance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerically exact solution to the many emitter-cavity problem as an open many body system is presented. The solution gives access to the full, nonperturbative density matrix and thus the full quantum statistics and quantum correlations. The numerical effort scales with the third power in the number of emitters. Notably the solution requires none of the common approximations such as good/bad cavity limit. As a first application the recently discussed concept of coherent surface plasmon amplification--spaser--is addressed: A spaser consists of a plasmonic nanostructure that is driven by a set of quantum emitters. In the context of laser theory it is a laser in the (very) bad cavity limit with an extremely high light matter interaction strength. The method allows us to answer the question of spasing with a fully quantized theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find in a canonical chaotic system, the kicked spin-1/2 rotor, a Planck?s quantum(/ie)-driven phenomenon bearing a close analogy to the integer quantum Hall effect but of chaos origin. Specifically, the rotor?s energy growth is unbounded (?metallic? phase) for a discrete set of critical values of he, but otherwise bounded (?insulating? phase). The latter phase is topological and characterized by a quantum number (?quantized Hall conductance?). The number jumps by unity whenever he passes through each critical value as it decreases. Our findings indicate that rich topological quantum phenomena can emerge from chaos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider classical models of the kicked rotor type, with piecewise linear kicking potentials designed so that momentum changes only by multiples of a given constant. Their dynamics display quasilocalization of momentum, or quadratic growth of energy, depending on the arithmetic nature of the constant. Such purely classical features mimic paradigmatic features of the quantum kicked rotor, notably dynamical localization in momentum, or quantum resonances. We present a heuristic explanation, based on a classical phase space generalization of a well-known argument, that maps the quantum kicked rotor on a tight-binding model with disorder. Such results suggest reconsideration of generally accepted views that dynamical localization and quantum resonances are a pure result of quantum coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trajectory surface hopping method for quantum dynamics is reformulated in the space of many-particle states to include entanglement and correlation of trajectories. Used to describe many-body correlation effects in electronic structure theories, second quantization is applied to semiclassical trajectories. The new method allows coupling between individual trajectories via energy flow and common phase evolution. It captures the properties of a wave packet, such as branching, Heisenberg uncertainty, and decoherence. Applied to a superexchange process, the method shows very accurate results, comparable to exact quantum data and improving greatly on the standard approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new quantization method for superconducting electronic circuits involving a Joseph son-junction device coupled to a linear microwave environment. The method is based on an exact impedance synthesis of the microwave environment considered as a black box with impedance function Z(s). The synthesized circuit captures dissipative dynamics of the system with resistors coupled to the reactive part of the circuit in a nontrivial way. We quantile the circuit and compute relaxation rates following previous formalisms for lumped element circuit quantisation. Up to the errors in the fit our method gives an exact description of the system and its losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We review the concept of superfluidity and, based on real and thought experiments, we use the formalism of second quantization to derive expressions that allow the calculation of the superfluid density for general Hamiltonians with path-integral methods. It is well known that the superfluid density can be related to the response of the free energy to a boundary phase twist, or to the fluctuations of the winding number. However, we show that this is true only for a particular class of Hamiltonians. In order to treat other classes, we derive general expressions of the superfluid density that are valid for various Hamiltonians. While the winding number is undefined when the number of particles is not conserved, our general expressions allow us to calculate the superfluid density in all cases. We also provide expressions of the superfluid densities associated to the individual components of multispecies Hamiltonians, which remain valid when interspecies conversions occur. The cases of continuous and discrete spaces are discussed, and we emphasize common mistakes that occur when considering lattices with nonorthonormal primitive vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of size quantization on the nonlinear optical response of Ag nanoparticles are experimentally studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry and femtosecond spectroscopic pump-and-probe techniques. In the vicinity of a localized surface-plasmon resonance (2.0-3.5 eV), we have investigated the optical nonlinearity of Ag particles embedded in silica glass for particle diameters ranging from 3.0 to 16 nm. The intrinsic third-order optical susceptibility xm(3) of Ag particles exhibited significant spectral and size dependences. These results are explained as quantum and dielectric confinements and are compared to the results of theoretical quantum finite-size effects calculation for metallic particles. In light of these results, we discuss the contribution of interband transitions to the size dependence of xm(3). Quantum size effects lead to an increase in nonlinearity in small Ag particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically investigate magnetic properties in the low-temperature phase with the formation of eight-site clusters, octamers, in the spinel compound CuIr2S4. The octamer state was considered to be a spin-singlet state induced by a Peierls instability through the strong anisotropy of d orbitals, the so-called orbital Peierls state. We reexamine this picture by taking into account the spin-orbit coupling, which was ignored in the previous study. We derive a low-energy effective model between Jeff=1/2 quasispins on Ir4+ cations in an octamer from the multiorbital Hubbard model with the strong spin-orbit coupling by performing the perturbation expansion from the strong correlation limit. The effective Hamiltonian is in the form of the Kitaev-Heisenberg model but with an additional interaction, a symmetric off-diagonal exchange interaction originating from the perturbation process including both d-d and d-p-d hoppings. Analyzing the effective Hamiltonian on two sites and the octamer by the exact diagonalization, we find that there is competition between a spin-singlet state and a quadrupolar state. The former singlet state is a conventional one, adiabatically connected to the orbital Peierls state. On the other hand, the latter quadrupolar state is stabilized by the additional interaction, which consists of a linear combination of different total spin momenta along the spin quantization axis. In the competing region, the model exhibits paramagnetic behavior with a renormalized small effective moment at low temperature. This peculiar remnant paramagnetism is not obtained in the Kitaev-Heisenberg model without the additional interaction. Our results renew the picture of the octamer state and provide a scenario for the intrinsic paramagnetic behavior recently observed in a muon spin rotation experiment [K. M. Kojima et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 087203 (2014)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recently discovered topological crystalline insulators SnTe and Pb1-xSnx (Te. Se), crystal symmetry and electronic topology intertwine to create topological surface states with many interesting features including Lifshitz transition, Van-Hove singularity, and fermion mass generation. These surface states are protected by mirror symmetry with respect to the (110) plane. In this work we present a comprehensive study of the effects of different mirror-symmetry-breaking perturbations on the (001) surface band structure. Pristine (001) surface states have four branches of Dirac fermions at low energy. We show that ferroelectric-type structural distortion generates a mass and gaps out some or all of these Dirac points, while strain shifts Dirac points in the Brillouin zone. An in-plane magnetic field leaves the surface state gapless, but introduces asymmetry between Dirac points. Finally, an out-of-plane magnetic field leads to discrete Landau levels. We show that the Landau level spectrum has an unusual pattern of degeneracy and interesting features due to the unique underlying band structure. This suggests that Landau level spectroscopy can detect and distinguish between different mechanisms of symmetry breaking in topological crystalline insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantized Skyrme model is applied to the πN scattering problem, especially the P11 wave amplitude. The field fluctuation and the zero mode are consistently taken into account, and the quantum correction to the Born term is calculated. It is found that this 1/Nc correction is comparable with the Born term and is crucially important for the πN scattering problem in the Skyrme model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a superconducting quantum point contact made of a narrow In0.75Ga0.25 As channel with Nb proximity electrodes. The narrow channel is formed in a gate-fitted constriction of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP heterostructure hosting a two-dimensional electron gas. When the channel opening is varied with the gate, the Josephson critical current exhibits a discretized variation that arises from the quantization of the transverse momentum in the channel. The quantization of Josephson critical current persists down to the single-channel regime, providing an unambiguous demonstration of a semiconductor-superconductor hybrid Josephson junction involving only a .single ballistic channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of nuclear deformation on α-decay half-lives is taken into account in the deformed density-dependent cluster model. The microscopic potential between the spherical a particle and the deformed daughter nucleus is evaluated numerically from the double-folding model by the multipole expansion method. A realistic density-dependent nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction with finite-range exchange part, which produces the nuclear matter saturation curve and the energy dependence of the nucleon-nucleus optical potential model is used. The ordinary zero-range exchange NN force, which is commonly used in a decay, is also considered in the present work. We systematically investigate the influence of nuclear deformations on the a-particle preformation probability of the deformed medium and heavy nuclei from the ground state to ground-state a transitions within the framework of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method by considering the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. Taking the deformation of daughter nuclei into account changes the behavior of the preformation probability, Sα, by an amount depending on the Q value, the order, values, and signs of deformation parameters. Calculations have been conducted for the spherical nuclei in order to present clearly the effect of the deformation on the preformation probability. The combined effect of both finite-range force and deformation can reduce the value of Sα by about an order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droplets moving in a microfluidic loop device exhibit both periodic and chaotic behaviors based on the inlet droplet spacing. We observe that the periodic behavior is an outcome of carrier phase mass conservation principle, which translates into a droplet spacing quantization rule. This rule implies that the summation of exit spacing is equal to an integral multiple of inlet spacing. This principle also enables identification of periodicity in experimental systems with input scatter. We find that the origin of chaotic behavior is through intermittency, which arises when drops enter and leave the junctions at the same time. We derive an analytical expression to estimate the occurrence of these chaotic regions as a function of system parameters. We provide experimental, simulation, and analytical results to validate the origin of periodic and chaotic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Landauer formalism, we demonstrate that the thermal conductance due to the propagation of Zenneck surface-phonon polaritons along a polar nanowire is independent of the material characteristics and is given by π²kB²T/3h. The giant propagation length of these energy carriers establishes that this quantization holds not only for a temperature much smaller than 1 K, as is the case for electrons and phonons, but also for temperatures comparable to room temperature, which can significantly facilitate its observation and application in the thermal management of nanoscale electronics and photonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The envelope function method is applied to hole and exciton states in wurtzite and zinc-blende structure cylindrical nanowires using the axial Kohn-Luttinger Hamiltonian including a crystal-field splitting for the wurtzite case. The quantized states are found to be mixtures of heavy- and light-hole band derived states. Explicit expressions for the mixing coefficients and the conditions giving the quantized energy states are derived. These are then applied to obtain the relative intensity of light emitted polarized parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire for the lowest-energy excitons. Slightly different expressions are obtained in the weak quantization and strong quantization limits. In the latter case, an overlap integral of the hole and electron envelope function is involved, while in the former case only an integral over the hole envelope function is required. An expression for the degree of polarization of the spectrally integrated photoluminescence as a function of temperature is obtained by summing over the excitons within the integration range. The degree of polarization as a function of temperature is explored numerically as a function of nanowire radius and crystal-field splitting for GaAs and GaN nanowires. Examples of complete reversal of the polarization are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that a finite-size chiral soliton lattice formed in a chiral helimagnet with fixed boundary conditions exhibits magnetization jumps in a response to the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the chiral axis. The imposed boundary conditions lead to confinement of topological charges and quantized spatial periods of the soliton lattice. Building an envelope of the ground-state energies belonging to different topological sectors, we find the magnetization jumps related with the level crossing. After numerically establishing the quantization condition, we also develop a field-theoretical model to support the numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berry phases defined by the one-dimensional momentum as a parameter show Z2 quantization due to the inversion symmetry combined with the time reversal, or existence of the reflection plane, which also protects the massless Dirac cones with continuous parameters. This is the symmetry protected Z2 quantization. These ideas are applied in the fermionic Shastry-Sutherland model, which has a rich phase diagram, including phases with massless Dirac fermions, a quadratic band crossing point, and a pseudospin-1 Wey 1 fermion. We also demonstrate that the Z2 Berry phases determine the existence of edge states as the bulk-edge correspondence of the massless Dirac fermion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We adapt the compression algorithm of Weinstein, Auerbach, and Chandra from eigenvectors of spin lattice Hamiltonians to eigenvectors of light-front field-theoretic Hamiltonians. The latter are approximated by the standard discrete light-cone quantization technique, which provides a matrix representation of the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. The eigenvectors are represented as singular value decompositions of two-dimensional arrays, indexed by transverse and longitudinal momenta, and compressed by truncation of the decomposition. The Hamiltonian is represented by a rank-four tensor that is decomposed as a sum of contributions factorized into direct products of separate matrices for transverse and longitudinal interactions. The algorithm is applied to a model theory to illustrate its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subtle relation between quantum Hall physics and the phenomenon of pairing is unveiled. By use of second quantization, we establish a connection between (i) a broad class of rotationally symmetric two-body interactions within the lowest Landau level and (ii) integrable hyperbolic Richardson-Gaudin-type Hamiltonians that arise in (px + ipy) superconductivity. Specifically, we show that general Haldane pseudopotentials (and their sums) can be expressed as a sum of repulsive noncommuting (px + ipy)-type pairing Hamiltonians. The determination of the spectrum and individual null spaces of each of these noncommuting Richardson-Gaudin-type Hamiltonians is nontrivial yet is Bethe ansatz solvable. For the Laughlin sequence, it is observed that this problem is frustration free and zero-energy ground states lie in the common null space of all of these noncommuting Hamiltonians. This property allows for the use of a new truncated basis of pairing configurations in which to express Laughlin states at general filling factors. We prove separability of arbitrary Haldane pseudopotentials, providing explicit expressions for their second quantized forms, and further show by explicit construction how to exploit the topological equivalence between different geometries (disk, cylinder, and sphere) sharing the same topological genus number, in the second quantized formalism, through similarity transformations. As an application of the second quantized approach, we establish a "squeezing principle" that applies to the zero modes of a general class of Hamiltonians, which includes but is not limited to Haldane pseudopotentials. We also show how one may establish (bounds on) "incompressible filling factors" for those Hamiltonians. By invoking properties of symmetric polynomials, we provide explicit second quantized quasihole generators; the generators that we find directly relate to bosonic chiral edge modes and further make aspects of dimensional reduction in the quantum Hall systems precise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]