Search

Borromean nuclear cluster structures are expected at the corresponding drip lines. We locate the regions in the nuclear chart with the most promising constituents, it being protons and α particles and investigate in details the properties of the possible Borromean two-α systems in medium-heavy nuclei. We find in all cases that the α particles are located at the surface of the core nucleus as dictated by Coulomb and centrifugal barriers. The two lowest three-body bound states resemble a slightly contracted 8Be nucleus outside the core. The next two excited states have more complex structures but with strong components of linear configurations with the core in the middle, α-removal cross sections would be enhanced with specific signatures for these two different types of structures. The even-even Borromean two-α nucleus, 142Ba, is specifically investigated and predicted to have 134Te-α-α structure in its ground state and low-lying spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A methodology to evaluate the kinetic stability of carbon nanostructures is presented based on the assumption of the independent and random nature of thermal vibrations. The kinetic stability is directly correlated to the cleavage probability for the weakest bond of a given nanostructure. The application of the presented method to fullerenes and carbon nanotubes yields clear correlation to their experimentally observed relative isomer abundances. The general and simple formulation of the method ensures its applicability to other nanostructures for which formation is controlled by kinetic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and implement a particularly effective method for calculating the Berry curvature arising from adiabatic evolution of Bloch states in k space. The method exploits a unique feature of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) approach to solve the Schrödinger or Dirac equations. Namely, it is based on the observation that in the KKR theory the wave vector k enters the calculation only via the structure constants which reflect the geometry of the lattice but not the crystal potential. For both the Abelian and non-Abelian Berry curvature we derive an analytic formula whose evaluation does not require any numerical differentiation with respect to k. We present explicit calculations for Al, Cu, Au, and Pt bulk crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isotope shift relative to 209Bi and hyperfine splitting for 211,213Bi have been measured by in-source laser spectroscopy at the 306.77-nm atomic transition. The pronounced shell effect both in radii and magnetic moments in Bi isotopes at N=126 has been observed. The isotopic trend of magnetic moment for 9/2- ground states of even-N Bi isotopes has been qualitatively explained by the change in the first-order core-polarization correction. The possible influence of the octupole degree of freedom on the magnetic moment behavior at N>126 has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-source laser spectroscopy experiments for bismuth isotopes at the 306.77-nm atomic transition has been carried out at the Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron facility of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. New data on isotope shifts and hyperfine structure for Bi ground states and isomers (189,190 m1,190m2,191,192,192m,194,194m,198mBi) have been obtained. The changes in the mean-square charge radii δ ⟨r²⟩ and magnetic-moment values have been deduced. For Bi nuclei a marked deviation from the isotopic trend of δ⟨r²⟩ in lead and thallium isotopic chains has been demonstrated at N < 111. This has been interpreted as an indication of the onset of quadrupole deformation. Analysis of the magnetic moments for odd-odd Bi isotopes also points to the possible increase in deformation at N < 111. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-source laser spectroscopy experiments on bismuth isotopes using the 306.77-nm atomic transition have been carried out at the Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron facility of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. New data for the isotope shifts and hyperfine structures of 193,195,197Big,m isotopes and isomers have been obtained. A large isomer shift between I=1/2+ (intruder) and I=9/2- (normal) states has been found. The charge radii of the 193,195,197Bi ground states follow the trend found previously for isotonic (spherical) lead nuclei. The larger radii for the 1/2+ isomers suggest a larger deformation of these isomers compared to the ground state and support the shape coexistence interpretation of the previously obtained experimental data. Magnetic moments of Bi intruder isomers depart from the trend of the magnetic moments of the 1/2+ thallium ground states at N<114. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-source laser spectroscopy experiments for neutron-deficient thallium isotopes at the 276.9-nm atomic transition have been carried out at the Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron facility of Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. New data on isotope shifts and the hyperfine structure for I183-207T1 isotopes and isomers are presented. The changes in the mean-square charge radii and magnetic-moment values are deduced. It is shown that nuclear properties of Tl isotopes and isomers smoothly change at the neutron midshell and beyond without development of strong deformation in contrast to the adjacent Hg nuclei. A rather great isomer shift between I = 1/2 and I = 9/2 states for odd 186Tl isotopes is preserved for both sides of the previously investigated mass range. For the first time, a similar isomer shift is found for the odd-odd isotope I86T1. The close resemblance of the charge radii isotopic behavior for the Tl and Pb ground states is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the ɑ-ɑ cluster model to describe the properties of 8Be. The rotational energy sequence of the (0+, 2+, 4+) resonances are reproduced with the complex energy scaling technique for Ali-Bodmer and Buck potentials. However, both static and transition probabilities are far from the rotational values. We trace this observation to the prominent continuum properties of the 2+ and 4+ resonances. They resemble free continuum solutions although still exhibit strong collective rotational character. We compare with cluster models and discuss concepts of rotations in the continuum in connection with such central quantities as transition probabilities, inelastic cross sections, and resonance widths. We compute the 6+ and 8+ 5-matrix poles and discuss properties of this possible continuation of the band beyond the known 4+ state. Regularization of diverging quantities is discussed to extract observable continuum properties. We formulate the division of electromagnetic transition probabilities into interfering contributions from resonance-resonance, continuum-resonance, resonance-continuum, and continuum-continuum transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the 2a cluster model to describe the properties of 8Be. The E2 transitions in a two-body continuum can be described as bremsstrahlung in an inelastic scattering process. We compute cross sections as functions of initial energy for the possible E2 transitions from initial angular momenta of 0+, 2+, 4+, 6+, and 8+. The dependence on the exact shape of potentials is very small when the low-energy scattering phase shifts are the same. We relate to practical observables where energies of the emerging a particles are restricted in various ways. The unphysical infrared contribution is removed. We find pronounced peaking for photon energies matching resonance positions. Contributions from intraband transitions are rather small although substantial (and even dominating) for initial energies between resonances. Structure information is derived but both ß(E2) transition strength values and electromagnetic transition rates are ambiguous in the continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nonmagnetic crystals with inversion symmetry the electronic bands are twofold degenerate. As a consequence, any orthonormalized linear combination of the two corresponding eigenfunctions can represent the electron wave function. A priori it is not obvious which superposition, gauge, should be chosen to calculate a quantity which is not gauge invariant within a certain approximation. Here we consider gauge options appropriate under particular physical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virial expansion method is applied within a harmonic approximation to an interacting /V-body system of identical fermions. We compute the canonical partition functions for two and three particles to get the two lowest orders in the expansion. The energy spectrum is carefully interpolated to reproduce ground-state properties at low temperature and the noninteracting high-temperature limit of constant virial coefficients. This resembles the smearing of shell effects in finite systems with increasing temperature. Numerical results are discussed for the second and third virial coefficients as functions of dimension, temperature, interaction, and transition temperature between low- and high-energy limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperfine structure of 276.9-nm atomic transition has been studied by the resonant ionization spectroscopy method at mass-separator IRIS (Investigation of Radioactive Isotopes on Synchrocyclotron), Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI) for the odd Tl isomers with I = 9/2 and A = 187-197. A differential hyperfine structure anomaly for 6p² P½ and 7s ²S½atomic states in Tl isomers with I = 9/2 has been determined. It is described by the recently developed theoretical approach fairly well. This enables one to recalculate the magnetic moments of 187-193Tlm (I = 9/2) from previously measured hyperfine splittings for 7s ²S½ states and to determine for the first time the magnetic moments for 197Tlm and 195Tlm (I = 9/2) from hyperfine splittings for 6p ²P½ states with properly taking into account the rather great hyperfine structure anomaly. Similar measurements with greater accuracy have been proposed for the other nuclear states in odd-odd Tl isotopes. These measurements could shed light on the nuclear magnetization distribution in these isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a method to compute thermodynamic quantities in the harmonic approximation for identical bosons and fermions in an external confining field. We use the canonical partition function where only energies and their degeneracies enter. The number of states of given energy and symmetry is found by separating the center-of-mass motion, and by counting the remaining states of given symmetry and excitation energy of the relative motion. The oscillator frequencies that enter the harmonic Hamiltonian can be derived from realistic model parameters, and the method corresponds to an effective interaction approach based on harmonic interactions. To demonstrate the method, we apply it to systems in two dimensions. Numerical calculations are compared to a brute force method, which is considerably more computationally intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decay spectroscopy of 184Tl has been performed at the CERN Isotope Separator On-Line (ISOLDE) facility. An excitation energy of 506.1(1) keV and a half-life of 47.1(7) ms of the intruder based (10-) state have been extracted. The internal decay characteristics of this state are determined and discussed, extending the systematics of such states in the even-mass thallium nuclei below neutron midshell at N = 104. The retardation factors of the isomeric M2 and E3 transitions are deduced and compared with retardation factors in neighboring odd-mass and even-mass thallium isotopes. The new information is combined with a review of hindered and unhindered a-decay data of Bi187-192 populating levels in daughter nuclei 183-188Tl and supports the interpretation of the intruder character of the (10-) state in 184Tl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-energy structure of the neutron-rich nucleus 68Ni has been investigated by measuring the β decay of the low-spin isomer in 68Co selectively produced in the decay chain of 68Mn. A revised level scheme has been built based on the clear identification ofβ-γ-E0 delayed coincidences. Transitions between the three lowest-lying 0+ and 2+ states are discussed on the basis of measured intensities or their upper limits for unobserved branches and state-of-the-art shell model calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-energy β-delayed fission of 194,196At and 200,202Fr was studied in detail at the mass separator ISOLDE at CERN. The fission-fragment mass distributions of daughter nuclei 194,196Po and 202Rn indicate a triple-humped structure, marking the transition between asymmetric fission of 178,180Hg and symmetric fission in the light Ra-Rn nuclei. Comparison with the macroscopic-microscopic finite-range liquid-drop model and the self-consistent approach employing the Gogny D1S energy density functional yields discrepancies. This demonstrates once more the need for dynamical fission calculations, because for both models the potential-energy surfaces lack pronounced structures, in contrast to those for the actinide region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperfine splitting parameters have been measured for the neutron-deficient odd-mass polonium isotopes and isomers 193-203pog,m 209-211Po. The measurement was performed at the ISOLDE (CERN) online mass separator using the in-source resonance ionization spectroscopy technique. The magnetic dipole moments μ and spectroscopic electric quadrupole moments Qs have been deduced. Their implication for the understanding of nuclear structure in the vicinity of the closed proton shell at Z = 82 and the neutron mid-shell at N = 104 is discussed. For the most neutron-deficient nuclei (A = 193,195,197), a deviation of μ and Qs from the nearly constant values for heavier polonium nuclei was observed. Particle-plus-rotor calculations with static oblate deformation describe the electromagnetic moments for these nuclei well, provided a gradual increase of a mean deformation when going to lighter masses is assumed for the polonium nuclei with A < 198. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detailed analysis of the ß-delayed fission data of 180T1 is presented. The experiment was performed by producing, a pure beam of 180T1 by means of highly selective resonance laser ionization followed by mass separation with the ISOLDE (CERN, Geneva) isotope separator. A surprising asymmetric mass distribution of fission fragments from 180Hg, the daughter of 180T1 ß decays, was observed. Here, the energy calibration of the silicon detectors, which is crucial for a proper determination of the fission fragments' energy and mass split, is presented and the total kinetic energy and its dependence on the mass split ratio is discussed. A more precise ß-delayed fission probability PßDF(I80T1) = 3.2(2) x 10-3% was deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed β-decay study of 61 Mn is presented, yielding extended information on the level structure of 61 Fe. Pure beams were obtained at ISOLDE, CERN, after selective laser ionization and mass separation of fission products from the bombardment of a UCt target by 1.4-GeV protons. The β and γ information was detected by two MiniBall clusters and three ?E plastic scintillators. The new ?Mn decay scheme reveals 48 γ transitions, distributed over 20 excited states. A comparison to the decay scheme of 59Mn and excited states in 59Fe is made. Shell-model calculations with two different interactions are performed in order to compare the nuclear structure of the two neighboring odd-A iron isotopes. Tentative spin and parities of several excited states in 61 Fe are assigned on the basis of β-decay feeding patterns in both 59, 6lFe and of results from the theoretical shell-model calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Brief Report reports on the first observation of the β--delayed γ decay of 215Pb, feeding states in 215Bi. The 215Pb beam was produced using resonant laser ionization and mass separated at the ISOLDE-CERN on-line mass separator. This ensured clean identification of the γ rays as belonging to the decay of 215Pb or its γ-decay daughters. A half-life of 147(12) s was measured for the 215Pb β decay and a level scheme for the daughter nucleus 215Bi is proposed, resulting in an extended systematics of the excited states of the neutron-rich Bi isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed α-decay studies of 179TIg and its daughter products 175Aug and 17lIrg were carried out in two complementary experiments at the mass separator ISOLDE (CERN) and velocity filter SHIP (GSI). First unambiguous determination of the α-decay properties of 175Aug was performed as follows: Ea = 6433(4) keV, T1/2 = 207(7) ms, and α-decay branching ratio 90(7)%. First determination of the α-decay branching ratios for 179TIg and 171Irg was also made:ba(179TIg) = 60(2)% and ba(171Irg) = 15(2)%. The spins of the ground states in 175Au and 171Ir are established as l/2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamow-Teller decay population of 64Ni levels in the decay of 1+ 64Co The 64Co β-decay feeding levels in the well-studied 64Ni nucleus were investigated. Whereas the previously known MCo decay scheme merely contained 2 γ rays, the decay scheme established in this work contains 18, of which 5 are observed in this work and 6 were previously observed in an (n,γ) study but not placed in the 64Ni level scheme. Surprisingly, one additional level--placed at an excitation energy of 3578.7 keV--could be determined. The observed β-decay paths involve allowed vf5/2 → πf1/2 and vp1/2 → πp3/2 transitions. Three strongly fed levels around 4 MeV are interpreted to possess possible proton-intruder character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-accelerated isomerically purified radioactive beams, available at the CERN On-Line Isotope Mass Separator facility using the resonant ionization laser technique, have been used to study the Coulomb excitation of the I&pi; = 3- state in 70Cu (Z = 29, N = 41). While first results using a Iπ =6- beam were reported previously, the present complementary experiment allows us to complete the study of the multiplet of states (3-, 4- ,5-,6-) arising from the π2p3νlg9/2 configuration. Besides the known γ-ray transition deexciting the 4- state, a ground-state γ ray of 511(3) keV was observed for the first time and was unambiguously associated with the 5- state deexcitation. This observation fixes the energy, spin, and parity of this state, completing the low-energy level scheme of 70Cu. B(E2) values for all possible E2 transitions within the multiplet were determined. A comparison with large-scale shell model calculations using different interactions and valence spaces shows the importance of proton excitation across the Z = 28 shell gap and the role of the 2d5/2 neutron orbital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The β+/EC decay of 180TI and excited states in the daughter nucleus 180Hg have been investigated at the CERN On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility. Many new low-lying energy levels were observed in 180Hg, of which the most significant are the Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. The former is the bandhead of an excited band in 180Hg assumed originally to be of prolate nature. From the β feeding to the different states in 180Hg, the ground-state spin of 180TI was deduced to be (4-,5-). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 7Be(n,p) cross section was measured with an ion-implanted 7Be target at a thermal neutron beam of the research reactor LVR-15 in Řež. The cross section to the ground state of 7Li is σ(n,p0)=43800±1400b and the cross section to the first excited state of 7Li is σ(n,p1)=520±260b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shell evolution can impact the structure of the nuclei and lead to effects such as shape coexistence. The nuclei around 68Ni represent an excellent study case, however, spectroscopic information of the neutron-rich, Z<28 nuclei is limited. Purpose: The goal is to measure γ-ray transitions in 66Fe,66Co, and 66Ni populated in the β- decay of 66Mn to determine absolute β feedings and relative γ-decay probabilities and to compare the results with Monte Carlo shell model calculations in order to study the influence of the relevant single neutron and proton orbital occupancies around Z=28 and N=40. Method: The low-energy structures of 65,66Fe,66Co, and 66Ni were studied in the β- decay of 66Mn produced at ISOLDE, CERN. The beam was purified by means of laser resonance ionization and mass separation. The β and γ events detected by three plastic scintillators and two MiniBall cluster germanium detectors, respectively, were correlated in time to build the low-energy excitation schemes and to determine the β-decay half-lives of the nuclei. Results: The relative small β-decay ground state feeding of 66Fe obtained in this work is at variant to the earlier studies. Spin and parity 1+ was assigned to the 66Co ground state based on the strong ground-state feeding in the decay of 66Fe as well as in the decay of 66Co. Experimental log(ft) values, γ-ray de-excitation patterns, and energies of excited states were compared to Monte Carlo shell model calculations. Based on this comparison, spin and parity assignments for the selected number of low-lying states in the 66Mn to 66Ni chain were proposed. Conclusions: The β-decay chain starting 66Mn toward 66Ni, crossing N=40, evolves from deformed nuclei to sphericity. The β-decay population of a selected number of 0+ and 2+ states in 66Ni, which is understood within shape coexistence framework of Monte Carlo shell model calculations, reveals the crucial role of the neutron 0g9/2 shell and proton excitations across the Z=28 gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neutron-rich isotopes 58-63Cr were produced for the first time at the ISOLDE facility and their masses were measured with the ISOLTRAP spectrometer. The new values are up to 300 times more precise than those in the literature and indicate significantly different nuclear structure from the new mass-surface trend. A gradual onset of deformation is found in this proton and neutron midshell region, which is a gateway to the second island of inversion around N=40. In addition to comparisons with density-functional theory and large-scale shell-model calculations, we present predictions from the valence-space formulation of the ab initio in-medium similarity renormalization group, the first such results for open-shell chromium isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the emergence of halos and Efimov states in nuclei by use of a newly designed model that combines self-consistent mean-field and three-body descriptions. Recent interest in neutron heavy calcium isotopes makes 72Ca(70Ca + n + n) an ideal realistic candidate on the neutron dripline, and we use it as a representative example that illustrates our broadly applicable conclusions. By smooth variation of the interactions we simulate the crossover from well-bound systems to structures beyond the threshold of binding, and find that halo configurations emerge from the mean-field structure for three-body binding energy less than ~ 100 keV. Strong evidence is provided that Efimov states cannot exist in nuclei. The structure that bears the most resemblance to an Efimov state is a giant halo extending beyond the neutron-core scattering length. We show that the observable large-distance decay properties of the wave function can differ substantially from the bulk part at short distances, and that this evolution can be traced with our combination of few- and many-body formalisms. This connection is vital for interpretation of measurements such as those where an initial state is populated in a reaction or by a beta decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear spins and precise values of the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of the ground states of neutron-rich 73-78Cu isotopes were measured using the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at the CERN On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) facility. The nuclear moments of the less exotic 73,75Cu isotopes were remeasured with similar precision, yielding values that are consistent with earlier measurements. The moments of the odd-odd isotopes, and 7829Cu (N=49) in particular, are used to investigate excitations of the assumed doubly magic 78Ni core through comparisons with large-scale shell-model calculations. Despite the narrowing of the Z=28 shell gap between N~45 and N=50, the magicity of Z=28 and N=50 is restored toward 78Ni. This is due to weakened dynamical correlations, as clearly probed by the present moment measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine few- and many-body degrees of freedom in a new computationally efficient model applicable to both bound and continuum states and adaptable to different subfields of physics. We formulate a self-consistent three-body model for a core nucleus surrounded by two valence nucleons, where the core is treated in the mean-field approximation and the same effective Skyrme interaction is used between both core and valence nucleons. We apply the model to 26O, where we reproduce the known experimental data as well as phenomenological models with more parameters. The decay of the ground state is found to proceed directly into the continuum without effect of the virtual sequential decay through the well-reproduced d3/2 resonance of 25O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperfine spectra of Mn51,53-64 were measured in two experimental runs using collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE, CERN. Laser spectroscopy was performed on the atomic 3d54s²5S/26 → 3d54s 4p P3/26 and ionic 3d5 4s 5S2 → 3d54p 5P3 transitions, yielding two sets of isotope shifts. The mass and field shift factors for both transitions have been calculated in the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock framework and were combined with a King plot analysis in order to obtain a consistent set of mean-square charge radii which, together with earlier work on neutron-deficient Mn, allow the study of nuclear structure changes from N=25 across N=28 up to N=39. A clear development of deformation is observed towards N=40, confirming the conclusions of the nuclear moments studies. From a Monte Carlo shell-model study of the shape in the Mn isotopic chain, it is suggested that the observed development of deformation is not only due to an increase in static prolate deformation but also due to shape fluctuations and triaxiality. The changes in mean-square charge radii are well reproduced using the Duflo-Zuker formula except in the case of large deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate even-even two-proton Borromean systems at prominent intermediate heavy waiting points for the rapid proton capture process. The most likely single-particle levels are used to calculate three-body energy and structure as a function of proton-core resonance energy. We establish a linear dependence between two- and three-body energies with the same slope, but the absolute value slightly dependent on partial wave structure. Using these relations we estimate low-lying excited states in the isotones following the critical waiting points. The capture rate for producing a Borromean bound state is described based on a full three-body calculation for temperatures about 0.1-10 GK. In addition, a simple rate expression, depending only on a single resonance state, is found to comply with the three-body calculation for temperatures between 0.1 and 4 GK. The rate calculations are valid for both direct and sequential capture paths. As a result the relevant path of the radiative capture reactions can be determined. We present results for E1 and E2 photon emission, and discuss occurrence preferences in general as well as relative sizes of these most likely processes. Finally, we present a method for estimating proton capture rates in the region around the critical waiting points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in mean-squared charge radii of neutron-deficient gold nuclei have been determined using the in-source, resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy technique, at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). From these new data, nuclear deformations are inferred, revealing a competition between deformed and spherical configurations. The isotopes ^{180,181,182}Au are observed to possess well-deformed ground states and, when moving to lighter masses, a sudden transition to near-spherical shapes is seen in the extremely neutron-deficient nuclides, ^{176,177,179}Au. A case of shape coexistence and shape staggering is identified in ^{178}Au which has a ground and isomeric state with different deformations. These new data reveal a pattern in ground-state deformation unique to the gold isotopes, whereby, when moving from the heavy to light masses, a plateau of well-deformed isotopes exists around the neutron midshell, flanked by near-spherical shapes in the heavier and lighter isotopes-a trend hitherto unseen elsewhere in the nuclear chart. The experimental charge radii are compared to those from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations using the D1M Gogny interaction and configuration mixing between states of different deformation. The calculations are constrained by the known spins, parities, and magnetic moments of the ground states in gold nuclei and show a good agreement with the experimental results.