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We study the relativistic version of the Schrodinger equation for a point particle in one dimension with the potential of the first derivative of the delta function. The momentum cutoff regularization is used to study the bound state and scattering states. The initial calculations show that the reciprocal of the bare coupling constant is ultraviolet divergent, and the resultant expression cannot be renormalized in the usual sense, where the divergent terms can just be omitted. Therefore, a general procedure has been developed to derive different physical properties of the system. The procedure is used first in the nonrelativistic case for the purpose of clarification and comparisons. For the relativistic case, the results show that this system behaves exactly like the delta function potential, which means that this system also shares features with quantum filed theories, like being asymptotically free. In addition, in the massless limit, it undergoes dimensional transmutation, and it possesses an infrared conformal fixed point. The comparison of the solution with the relativistic delta function potential solution shows evidence of universality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the Schrödinger equation for a relativistic point particle in an external one-dimensional δ-function potential. Using dimensional regularization, we investigate both bound and scattering states, and we obtain results that are consistent with the abstract mathematical theory of self-adjoint extensions of the pseudodifferential operator H = √p² + m². Interestingly, this relatively simple system is asymptotically free. In the massless limit, it undergoes dimensional transmutation and it possesses an infrared conformai fixed point. Thus it can be used to illustrate nontrivial concepts of quantum field theory in the simpler framework of relativistic quantum mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by potential applications to ultracold matter, we perform a theoretical study of Majorana fermions confined to a finite volume, whose boundary conditions are characterized by self-adjoint extension parameters. While the boundary conditions for Dirac fermions in (1 + 1)-d are characterized by a 1-parameter family, λ = - λ ∗, of self-adjoint extensions, for Majorana fermions λ is restricted to ± i. Based on this result, we compute the frequency spectrum of Majorana fermions confined to a 1-d interval. The boundary conditions for Dirac fermions confined to a 3-d region of space are characterized by a 4-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions, which is reduced to two distinct 1-parameter families for Majorana fermions. We also consider the problems related to the quantum mechanical interpretation of the Majorana equation as a single-particle equation. Furthermore, the equation is related to a relativistic Schrödinger equation that does not suffer from these problems. Here we restrict ourselves to theoretical considerations without yet focusing on concrete cold matter applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]