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We report on experimental observation of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-like behavior of quantized electron spin waves (magnons) in a dense gas of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen. The magnons are trapped and controlled with inhomogeneous magnetic fields and described by a Schrodinger-like wave equation, in analogy to the BEC experiments with neutral atoms. We have observed the appearance of a sharp feature in the ESR spectrum displaced from the normal spin wave spectrum. We believe that this observation corresponds to a sudden growth of the ground-state population of the magnons and emergence of their spontaneous coherence for hydrogen gas densities exceeding a critical value, dependent on the trapping potential. We interpret the results as a BEC of nonequilibrium magnons which were formed by applying the rf power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on magnetic resonance studies of high-density atomic hydrogen and deuterium in solid hydrogen matrices at temperatures below 1 K. Average concentrations of H atoms ≈ 3 × 1019 cm-3 are obtained in chemical tunneling reactions of isotope exchange with D atoms. The products of these reactions are closely located pairs of H atoms near D2 molecules with strong exchange interactions. We discovered a dynamic nuclear polarization effect on H atoms created by pumping the center of the H electron spin resonance spectrum, similar to the Overhauser effect in metals. Our results indicate that H atoms may be arranged inside molecular matrices at separations equivalent to local concentrations of 2.6 × 1021 cm-3. This opens up a way to build a metallic state of atomic hydrogen at zero pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient manipulation of nuclear spins is important for utilizing them as qubits for quantum computing. In this work we report record high polarizations of 31P and 31 Si nuclear spins in P-doped silicon in a strong magnetic field (4.6 T) and at temperatures below 1 K. We reached 31P nuclear polarization values exceeding 98% after 20 min of pumping the high-field electron spin resonance (ESR) line with a very small microwave power of 0.4 μW. We evaluate that the ratio of the hyperfine-state populations increases by three orders of magnitude after 2 hours of pumping, and an extremely pure nuclear spin state can be created, with less than 0.01 ppb impurities. A negative dynamic nuclear polarization has been observed by pumping the low-field ESR line of 31P followed by the flip-flip cross relaxation, the transition which is fully forbidden for isolated donors. We estimate that while pumping the ESR transitions of 31P also the nuclei of 29Si get polarized, and polarization exceeding 60% has been obtained. We performed measurements of relaxation rates of flip-flop and flip-flip transitions which turned out to be nearly temperature independent. Temperature dependence of the 31P nuclear relaxation was studied down to 0.75 K, below which the relaxation time became too long to be measured. We found that the polarization evolution under pumping and during relaxation deviates substantially from a simple exponential function of time. We suggest that the nonexponential polarization dynamics of 31P donors is mediated by the orientation of 29Si nuclei, which affect the transition probabilities of the forbidden cross-relaxation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a high magnetic field study of electron spin waves in atomic hydrogen gas compressed to high densities of ∼1018 cm-3 at temperatures ranging from 0.26 to 0.6 K. We observed a variety of spin wave modes caused by the identical spin rotation effect with strong dependence on the spatial profile of the polarizing magnetic field. We demonstrate confinement of these modes in regions of strong magnetic field and manipulate their spatial distribution by changing the position of the field maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate an efficient control of 29Si nuclear spins for specific lattice sites near 31P donors in silicon at temperatures below 1 K and in a high magnetic field of 4.6 T. Excitation of the forbidden electron-nuclear transitions leads to a pattern of well-resolved holes and peaks in the electron spin resonance (ESR) lines of 31P. The pattern originates from dynamic polarization (DNP) of the 29Si nuclear spins near the donors via the solid effect. DNP of 29Si is demonstrated also with the Overhauser effect where the allowed ESR transitions are excited. In this case mostly the remote 29Si nuclei having weak interaction with the donors are polarized, which results in a single hole and a sharp peak pair in the ESR spectrum. Our work shows that the solid effect can be used for initialization of 29Si nuclear spin qubits near the donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a direct measurement of the quantum diffusion of H atoms in solid molecular hydrogen films at T=0.7 K. We obtained a rate of pure spatial diffusion of H atoms in the H2 films, Dd=5(2)×10-17 cm² s-1, which was 2 orders of magnitude faster than that obtained from H atom recombination, the quantity used in all previous work to characterize the mobility of H atoms in solid H2. We also observed that the H-atom diffusion was significantly enhanced by injection of phonons. Our results provide the first measurement of the pure spatial diffusion rate for H atoms in solid H2, the only solid state system beside ³He-4He mixtures, where atomic diffusion does not vanish even at temperatures below 1 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on an experimental observation of two phases of hydrogen atoms in solid H2 films at temperatures of 0.1-0.8 K, characterized by a large enhancement of the nuclear spin polarization compared to that given by Boltzmann statistics (p=0.15 at T=0.15 K). The first phase with p=0.35(5) is formed spontaneously during sample storage in a high magnetic field (B=4.6 T). The second phase with an even higher nuclear polarization, p=0.75(7), can be achieved at T=0.55 K by repeating sequences of dynamic nuclear polarization followed by a system relaxation. Upon warming through the range 0.55-0.65 K, the highly nuclear-polarized phase undergoes a phase transition to the spontaneously polarized phase which breaks down at T=0.8 K, and the nuclear polarization gradually converges to the Boltzmann distribution. We discuss possible scenarios for explaining the nature of the observed phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a direct measurement of the quantum diffusion of H atoms in solid molecular hydrogen films at T=0.7  K. We obtained a rate of pure spatial diffusion of H atoms in the H_{2} films, D^{d}=5(2)×10^{-17}  cm^{2} s^{-1}, which was 2 orders of magnitude faster than that obtained from H atom recombination, the quantity used in all previous work to characterize the mobility of H atoms in solid H_{2}. We also observed that the H-atom diffusion was significantly enhanced by injection of phonons. Our results provide the first measurement of the pure spatial diffusion rate for H atoms in solid H_{2}, the only solid state system beside ^{3}He-^{4}He mixtures, where atomic diffusion does not vanish even at temperatures below 1 K.

We have measured electron spin resonance line shifts due to collisions in atomic hydrogen gas compressed to densities approximately 10(18) cm(-3) in a strong magnetic field (4.6 T). The shift in a doubly polarized gas is negligible, in contrast with a mixture of two hyperfine states. This difference is explained by properly including effects of quantum statistics in atomic collisions and magnetic dipolar effects. We report on the first direct measurement of the difference between the triplet and singlet s-wave scattering lengths a(t) - a(s) = 60(10) pm, which is in agreement with existing theories.

We report a measurement of the cold collision frequency shift in atomic hydrogen gas adsorbed on the surface of superfluid (4)He at T approximately < 90 mK. Using two-photon electron and nuclear magnetic resonance in 4.6 T field we separate the resonance line shifts due to the dipolar and exchange interactions, both proportional to surface density sigma. We find the clock shift Delta nu(c) = -1.0(1) x 10(-7) Hz cm(-2) x sigma, which is about 100 times smaller than the value predicted by the mean field theory and known scattering lengths in the three-dimensional case.

We present the first magnetic resonance study of atomic hydrogen embedded in solid H2 films for temperatures 150-900 mK. We found that at T approximately 150 mK average concentrations of H atoms of order 10(18 cm(-3) are very stable against recombination during two weeks of observations. The distribution of the population of the two lowest hyperfine states is found to be non-Boltzmann, with a very large occupation of the ground state. We consider the possibility of formation in solid H2 of regions with high local concentrations of H atoms, where collective quantum phenomena might occur.