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The finest state-space resolution that can be achieved in a physical dynamical system is limited by the presence of noise. In the weak-noise approximation, the stochastic neighborhoods of deterministic periodic orbits can be computed from distributions stationary under the action of a local Fokker-Planck operator and its adjoint. We derive explicit formulas for widths of these distributions in the case of chaotic dynamics, when the periodic orbits are hyperbolic. The resulting neighborhoods form a basis for functions on the attractor. The global stationary distribution, needed for calculation of long-time expectation values of observables, can be expressed in this basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we categorize dynamical regimes demonstrated by starlike networks with chaotic nodes. This analysis is done in view of further studying of chaotic scale-free networks, since a starlike structure is the main motif of them. We analyze starlike networks of Hénon maps. They are found to demonstrate a huge diversity of regimes. Varying the coupling strength we reveal chaos, quasiperiodicity, and periodicity. The nodes can be both fully and phase synchronized. The hub node can be either synchronized with the subordinate nodes or oscillate separately from fully synchronized subordinates. There is a range of wild multistability where the zoo of regimes is the most various. One can hardly predict here even a qualitative nature of the expected solution, since each perturbation of the coupling strength or initial conditions results in a new character of dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an alternative methodology for the stabilization and control of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems exhibiting low-dimensional spatiotemporal chaos. We show that with an appropriate choice of timedependent controls we are able to stabilize and/or control all stable or unstable solutions, including steady solutions, traveling waves (single and multipulse ones or bound states), and spatiotemporal chaos. We exemplify our methodology with the generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, a paradigmatic model of spatiotemporal chaos, which is known to exhibit a rich spectrum of wave forms and wave transitions and a rich variety of spatiotemporal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define auto- and cross-correlation functions capable of capturing dynamical characteristics induced by local phase-space structures in a general dynamical system. These correlation functions are calculated in the standard map for a range of values of the nonlinearity parameter k. Using a model of noninteracting particles, each evolving according to the same standard map dynamics and located initially at specific phase-space regions, we show that for 0.6

We present numerical simulations of the flow confined in a wide gap Taylor-Couette system, with a rotating inner cylinder and variable length-to-gap aspect ratio. A complex experimental bifurcation scenario differing from the classical Ruelle-Takens route to chaos has been experimentally reported in this geometry. The wavy vortex flow becomes quasiperiodic due to an axisymmetric very low frequency mode. This mode plays a key role in the dynamics of the system, leading to the occurrence of chaos via a period-doubling scenario. Further increasing the rotation of the inner cylinder results in the appearance of a new flow pattern which is characterized by large amplitude oscillations localized in some of the vortex pairs. The purpose of this paper is to study numerically the dynamics of these axially localized states, paying special attention to the transition to chaos. Frequency analysis from time series simultaneously recorded at several points has been applied in order to identify the flow transitions taking place. It has been found that the very low frequency mode is essential to explain the behavior associated with the different transitions towards chaos including localized states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a minimal one-dimensional deterministic continuous dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior and complex transport properties. Our model is an overdamped rocking ratchet with finite dissipation, that is periodically kicked with a δ function driving force, without finite inertia terms or temporal or spatial stochastic forces. To our knowledge this is the simplest model reported in the literature for a ratchet, with this complex behavior. We develop an analytical approach that predicts many key features of the system, such as current reversals, as well as the presence of chaotic behavior and bifurcation. Our analytical approach allows us to study the transition from regular to chaotic motion as well as a tangent bifurcation associated with this transition. We show that our approach can be easily extended to other types of periodic driving forces. The square wave is shown as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a concept of noise robustness in dynamical systems with noise and argue that this concept is essential to guarantee the reliability of physical random bit generators (RBGs). As an example of promising physical RBGs we consider a chaotic laser system and show that it has the property of noise robustness with respect to changes in the temporal correlation of the noise source. Moreover, employing a simple model of tangent space dynamics, we give a theoretical interpretation of the numerical results and in particular show that the Lyapunov exponent determines a theoretical boundary of a noise-robust region in parameter space. These theoretical results are expected to be significant not only for chaotic lasers, but also for a broad class of chaotic dynamical systems with correlated noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lyapunov exponent characterizes an exponential growth rate of the difference of nearby orbits. A positive Lyapunov exponent (exponential dynamical instability) is a manifestation of chaos. Here, we propose the Lyapunov pair, which is based on the generalized Lyapunov exponent, as a unified characterization of nonexponential and exponential dynamical instabilities in one-dimensional maps. Chaos is classified into three different types, i.e., superexponential, exponential, and subexponential chaos. Using one-dimensional maps, we demonstrate superexponential and subexponential chaos and quantify the dynamical instabilities by the Lyapunov pair. In subexponential chaos, we show superweak chaos, which means that the growth of the difference of nearby orbits is slower than a stretched exponential growth. The scaling of the growth is analytically studied by a recently developed theory of a continuous accumulation process, which is related to infinite ergodic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective method of controlling chaos is proposed. The control mechanism of the proposed method can be interpreted as the synchronization of a chaotic system with a system of harmonic oscillators. It is a practically noninvasive method that does not change the solution of dynamical systems, but stabilizes their periodic behavior by applying only small perturbations. The proposed method has fairly simple structure that suggests a clear stabilizing mechanism, and allows a straightforward evaluation of stability properties. This control scheme can be implemented experimentally even if the dynamical system is not analytically known. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulation as well as experimental implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a detailed experimental characterization of the autocorrelation properties of a delayed feedback semiconductor laser for different dynamical regimes. We show that in many cases the autocorrelation function of laser intensity dynamics can be approximated by the analytically derived autocorrelation function obtained from a linear stochastic model with delay. We extract a set of dynamic parameters from the fit with the analytic solutions and discuss the limits of validity of our approximation. The linear model captures multiple fundamental properties of delay systems, such as the shift and asymmetric broadening of the different delay echoes. Thus, our analysis provides significant additional insight into the relevant physical and dynamical properties of delayed feedback lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems of FitzHugh-Nagumo units with different coupling topologies are capable of self-generating and -terminating strong deviations from their regular dynamics that can be regarded as extreme events due to their rareness and recurrent occurrence. Here we demonstrate the crucial role of an interior crisis in the emergence of extreme events. In parameter space we identify this interior crisis as the organizing center of the dynamics by employing concepts of mixed-mode oscillations and of leaking chaotic systems. We find that extreme events occur in certain regions in parameter space, and we show the robustness of this phenomenon with respect to the system size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the hope of making passenger travel times shorter and more reliable, many cities are introducing dedicated bus lanes (e.g., Bogota, London, Miami). Here we show that chaotic travel times are actually a natural consequence of individual bus function, and hence of public transport systems more generally, i.e., chaotic dynamics emerge even when the route is empty and straight, stops and lights are equidistant and regular, and loading times are negligible. More generally, our findings provide a novel example of chaotic dynamics emerging from a single object following Newton's laws of motion in a regularized one-dimensional system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show the existence of an intermittent transition from temporal chaos to turbulence in a spatially extended dynamical system, namely, the forced and damped one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. For some values of the forcing parameter, the system dynamics intermittently switches between ordered states and turbulent states, which may be seen as extreme events in some contexts. In a Fourier phase space, the intermittency takes place due to the loss of transversal stability of unstable periodic orbits embedded in a low-dimensional subspace. We mapped these transversely unstable regions and perturbed the system in order to significantly reduce the occurrence of extreme events of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a method for the calculation of finite-time Lyapunov exponents in time-delayed nonlinear dynamical systems. We apply the method to the Mackey-Glass model with time-delayed feedback. We investigate the standard deviation of the probability distribution of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents when the finite time or the delay time is changed. It is found that the standard deviation decreases in a power-law scaling with the exponent ~0.5 as the finite time or the delay time is increased. Similar results are obtained for the finite-time Lyapunov spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamical quorum sensing, the population based phenomenon, is believed to occur when the elements of a system interact via dynamic coupling. In the present work, we demonstrate an alternate scenario, involving static coupling, that could also lead to quorum sensing behavior. These static and dynamic coupling terms have already been employed by Konishi [ Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 17 2781 (2007)]. In our context, the coupling is defined as static or dynamic, on the basis of the relative time scales at which the surrounding dynamics and the elements' dynamics evolve. According to this, if the variation in the surrounding dynamics happens on a much larger (fast) time scale than that at which the elements' dynamics are varying (such as seconds and µs), then the coupling is considered to be static, otherwise it is considered to be dynamic. A series of experiments have been performed starting from a system of three Chua's circuits to a system of 20 Chua's circuits to study two types of quorum transitions: the emergence and the extinction of global oscillations (period-1). The numerics involving up to 100 Chua's circuits validate the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a weak source of noise on the chaotic scattering is relevant to situations of physical interest. We investigate how a weak source of additive uncorrelated Gaussian noise affects both the dynamics and the topology of a paradigmatic chaotic scattering problem as the one taking place in the open nonhyperbolic regime of the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian system. We have found long transients for the time escape distributions for critical values of the noise intensity for which the particles escape slower as compared with the noiseless case. An analysis of the survival probability of the scattering function versus the Gaussian noise intensity shows a smooth curve with one local maximum and with one local minimum which are related to those long transients and with the basin structure in phase space. On the other hand, the computation of the exit basins in phase space shows a quadratic curve for which the basin boundaries lose their fractal-like structure as noise turned on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerically, we study the time fluctuations of few-body observables after relaxation in isolated dynamical quantum systems of interacting particles. Our results suggest that they decay exponentially with system size in both regimes, integrable and chaotic. The integrable systems considered are solvable with the Bethe ansatz and have a highly nondegenerate spectrum. This is in contrast with integrable Hamiltonians mappable to noninteracting ones. We show that the coefficient of the exponential decay depends on the level of derealization of the initial state with respect to the energy shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive feedback technique for stabilizing a priori unknown saddle steady states of dynamical systems is described. The method is based on an unstable low-pass filter combined with a stable low-pass filter. The cutoff frequencies of both filters can be set relatively high. This allows considerable increase in the rate of convergence to the steady state. We demonstrate numerically and experimentally that the technique is robust to the influence of unknown external forces, which change the position of the steady state in the phase space. Experiments have been performed using electrical circuits imitating the damped Duffing-Holmes and chaotic Lindberg systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is a continuation of our efforts to quantify the irregular scalar stress signals from the Ananthakrishna model for the Portevin-Le Chatelier instability observed under constant strain rate deformation conditions. Stress related to the spatial average of the dislocation activity is a dynamical variable that also determines the time evolution of dislocation densities. We carry out detailed investigations on the nature of spatiotemporal patterns of the model realized in the form of different types of dislocation bands seen in the entire instability domain and establish their connection to the nature of stress serrations. We then characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of the model equations by computing the Lyapunov dimension as a function of the drive parameter. The latter scales with the system size only for low strain rates, where isolated dislocation bands are seen, and at high strain rates, where fully propagating bands are seen. At intermediate applied strain rates corresponding to the partially propagating bands, the Lyapunov dimension exhibits two distinct slopes, one for small system sizes and another for large. This feature is rationalized by demonstrating that the spatiotemporal patterns for small system sizes are altered from the partially propagating band types to isolated burst type. This in tum allows us to reconfirm that low-dimensional chaos is projected from the stress signals as long as there is a one-to-one correspondence between the bursts of dislocation bands and the stress drops. We then show that the stress signals in the regime of partially to fully propagative bands have features of extensive chaos by calculating the correlation dimension density. We also show that the correlation dimension density also depends on the system size. A number of issues related to the system size dependence of the Lyapunov dimension density and the correlation dimension density are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological information processing is often carried out by complex networks of interconnected dynamical units. A basic question about such networks is that of reliability: If the same signal is presented many times with the network in different initial states, will the system entrain to the signal in a repeatable way ? Reliability is of particular interest in neuroscience, where large, complex networks of excitatory and inhibitory cells are ubiquitous. These networks are known to autonomously produce strongly chaotic dynamics--an obvious threat to reliability. Here, we show that such chaos persists in the presence of weak and strong stimuli, but that even in the presence of chaos, intermittent periods of highly reliable spiking often coexist with unreliable activity. We elucidate the local dynamical mechanisms involved in this intermittent reliability, and investigate the relationship between this phe-nomenon and certain time-dependent attractors arising from the dynamics. A conclusion is that chaotic dynamics do not have to be an obstacle to precise spike responses, a fact with implications for signal coding in large networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak generalized synchrony in a drive-response system occurs when the response dynamics is a unique but nondifferentiable function of the drive, in a manner that is similar to the formation of strange nonchaotic attractors in quasiperiodically driven dynamical systems. We consider a chaotically driven monotone map and examine the geometry of the limit set formed in the regime of weak generalized synchronization. The fractal dimension of the set of zeros is studied both analytically and numerically. We further examine the stable and unstable sets formed and measure the regularity of the coupling function. The stability index as well as the dimension spectrum of the equilibrium measure can be computed analytically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using intermittent maps with infinite invariant measures, we investigate the universality of time-averaged observables under aging conditions. According to Aaronson's Darling-Kac theorem, in non-aged dynamical systems with infinite invariant measures, the distribution of the normalized time averages of integrable functions converges to the Mittag-Leffler distribution. This well known theorem holds when the start of observations coincides with the start of the dynamical processes. Introducing a concept of the aging limit where the aging time ta and the total measurement time t goes to infinity while the aging ratio ta/t is kept constant, we obtain a novel distributional limit theorem of time-averaged observables integrable with respect to the infinite invariant density. Applying the theorem to the Lyapunov exponent in intermittent maps, we find that regular motions and a weakly chaotic behavior coexist in the aging limit. This mixed type of dynamics is controlled by the aging ratio and hence is very different from the usual scenario of regular and chaotic motions in Hamiltonian systems. The probability of finding regular motions in non-aged processes is zero, while in the aging regime it is finite and it increases when system ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence, stability properties, and dynamical evolution of localized spatiotemporal chaos are studied. We provide evidence of spatiotemporal chaotic localized structures in a liquid crystal light valve experiment with optical feedback. The observations are supported by numerical simulations of the Lifshitz model describing the system. This model exhibits coexistence between a uniform state and a spatiotemporal chaotic pattern, which emerge as the necessary ingredients to obtain localized spatiotemporal chaos. In addition, we have derived a simplified model that allows us to unveil the front interaction mechanism at the origin of the localized spatiotemporal chaotic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider periodically driven dynamical systems with energetic and entropie barriers in the presence of deterministic noise. Due to the relaxational delay, the response of the system lags behind the applied field and exhibits dynamical hysteresis manifested in the nonvanishing area of the response-function-field loop. It is demonstrated that the hysteresis loop area satisfies a scaling law with exponents that depend on the nature of the barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relaxation dynamics in mixed chaotic systems are believed to decay algebraically with a universal decay exponent that emerges from the hierarchical structure of the phase space. Numerical studies, however, yield a variety of values for this exponent. In order to reconcile these results, we consider an ensemble of mixed chaotic systems approximated by rate equations and analyze the fluctuations in the distribution of Poincaré recurrence times. Our analysis shows that the behavior of these fluctuations, as a function of time, implies a very slow convergence of the decay exponent of the relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chaotic data generated by a three-dimensional dynamical system can be embedded into R3 in a number of inequivalent ways. However, when lifted into R5 they all become equivalent, indicating that they all belong to a single universality class sharing a common chaos-generating mechanism. We present a complete invariant determining this universality class and distinguishing attractors generated by distinct mechanisms. This invariant is easily computable from an appropriately "dressed" return map of any particular three-dimensional embedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of sound propagation in a randomly inhomogeneous oceanic waveguide is considered. An underwater sound channel in the Sea of Japan is taken as an example. Our attention is concentrated on the domains of finite-range ray stability in phase space and their influence on wave dynamics. These domains can be found by means of the one-step Poincaré map. To study manifestations of finite-range ray stability, we introduce the finite-range evolution operator (FREO) describing transformation of a wave field in the course of propagation along a finite segment of a waveguide. Carrying out statistical analysis of the FREO spectrum, we estimate the contribution of regular domains and explore their evanescence with increasing length of the segment. We utilize several methods of spectral analysis: analysis of eigenfunctions by expanding them over modes of the unperturbed waveguide, approximation of level-spacing statistics by means of the Berry-Robnik distribution, and the procedure used by A. Relano and coworkers [Relano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 244102 (2002); Relano, ibid. 100, 224101 (2008)]. Comparing the results obtained with different methods, we find that the method based on the statistical analysis of FREO eigenfunctions is the most favorable for estimating the contribution of regular domains. It allows one to find directly the waveguide modes whose refraction is regular despite the random inhomogeneity. For example, it is found that near-axial sound propagation in the Sea of Japan preserves stability even over distances of hundreds of kilometers due to the presence of a shearless torus in the classical phase space. Increasing the acoustic wavelength degrades scattering, resulting in recovery of eigenfunction localization near periodic orbits of the one-step Poincaré map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the coherence dynamics of a kicked two-mode Bose-Hubbard model starting with an arbitrary coherent spin preparation. For preparations in the chaotic regions of phase space we find a generic behavior with Floquet participation numbers that scale as the entire N-particle Hilbert space, leading to a rapid loss of single-particle coherence. However, the chaotic behavior is not uniform throughout the chaotic sea and unique statistics is found for preparations at the vicinity of hyperbolic points that are embedded in it. This is contrasted with the low log(V) participation that is responsible for the revivals in the vicinity of isolated hyperbolic instabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global modeling aims to build mathematical models of concise description. Polynomial Model Search (PoMoS) and Global Modeling (GloMo) are two complementary algorithms (freely downloadable at the following address: http://www.cesbio.ups-tlse.fr/us/pomos_et_glomo.html) designed for the modeling of observed dynamical systems based on a small set of time series. Models considered in these algorithms are based on ordinary differential equations built on a polynomial formulation. More specifically, PoMoS aims at finding polynomial formulations from a given set of 1 to ? time series, whereas GloMo is designed for single time series and aims to identify the parameters for a selected structure. GloMo also provides basic features to visualize integrated trajectories and to characterize their structure when it is simple enough: One allows for drawing the first return map for a chosen Poincaré section in the reconstructed space; another one computes the Lyapunov exponent along the trajectory. In the present paper, global modeling from single time series is considered. A description of the algorithms is given and three examples are provided. The first example is based on the three variables of the Rossler attractor. The second one comes from an experimental analysis of the copper electrodissolution in phosphoric acid for which a less parsimonious global model was obtained in a previous study. The third example is an exploratory case and concerns the cycle of rainfed wheat under semiarid climatic conditions as observed through a vegetation index derived from a spatial sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deformed dielectric microcavity is used as an experimental platform for the analysis of the statistics of chaotic resonances, in the perspective of testing fractal Weyl laws at optical frequencies. In order to surmount the difficulties that arise from reading strongly overlapping spectra, we exploit the mixed nature of the phase space at hand, and only count the high-Q whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) directly. That enables us to draw statistical information on the more lossy chaotic resonances, coupled to the high-Q regular modes via dynamical tunneling. Three different models [classical, Random-Matrix-Theory (RMT) based, semiclassical] to interpret the experimental data are discussed. On the basis of least-squares analysis, theoretical estimates of Ehrenfest time, and independent measurements, we find that a semiclassically modified RMT-based expression best describes the experiment in all its realizations, particularly when the resonator is coupled to visible light, while RMT alone still works quite well in the infrared. In this work we reexamine and substantially extend the results of a short paper published earlier [L. Wang et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 040201(R) (2016)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a method of causality detection was designed to reveal coupling between dynamical systems represented by time series. The method is based on the predictions in reconstructed state spaces. The results of the proposed method were compared with outcomes of two other methods, the Granger VAR test of causality and the convergent cross-mapping. We used two types of test data. The first test example is a unidirectional connection of chaotic systems of Rössler and Lorenz type. The second one, the fishery model, is an example of two correlated observables without a causal relationship. The results showed that the proposed method of optimized mixed prediction was able to reveal the presence and the direction of coupling and distinguish causality from mere correlation as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamical behavior of a higher-order cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation is found to include a wide range of scenarios due to the interplay of higher-order physically relevant terms. We find that the competition between the third-order dispersion and stimulated Raman scattering effects gives rise to rich dynamics: this extends from Poincaré-Bendixson-type scenarios, in the sense that bounded solutions may converge either to distinct equilibria via orbital connections or to space-time periodic solutions, to the emergence of almost periodic and chaotic behavior. One of our main results is that third-order dispersion has a dominant role in the development of such complex dynamics, since it can be chiefly responsible (even in the absence of other higher-order effects) for the existence of periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic spatiotemporal structures. Suitable low-dimensional phase-space diagnostics are devised and used to illustrate the different possibilities and identify their respective parametric intervals over multiple parameters of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]