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We report a high-accuracy measurement of the differential static scalar polarizability Δα0 of the 5s2S1/2-4d2D5/2 transition of the 88Sr+ ion. The high accuracy is obtained by comparing the micromotion-induced positive scalar Stark shift to the negative time-dilation shift. Measurement of the trap drive frequency where these shifts cancel is used to determine Δα0 without the need to determine the electric field. Δα0 is a critical parameter for the operation of frequency standards as it determines the blackbody radiation frequency shift coefficient, the largest source of uncertainty in the 88Sr+ ion clock. The measured value of Δα0 is -4.7938(71) × 10-40 J m2/V2. Taking into account the dynamic correction, the blackbody shift at 300 K is 0.247 99(37) Hz. The contribution of the blackbody shift coefficient to the uncertainty of the ion standard has been reduced by a factor of 24, from 2 × 10-17 to 8.3 ×10-19. The revised total uncertainty of our reference standard is 1.2 × 10-17, limited by the blackbody field evaluation. An additional benefit of the low uncertainty of Δα0 is the ability to suppress, by a factor of about 200, the net micromotion frequency shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which focuses on the high-accuracy measurement of the differential static scalar polarizability of a 88Sr(strontium)+ atomic Clock. It compares the micromotion-induced positive scalar Stark shift to the negative time-dilation shift, and measures trap drive frequency, without the need of determining the electric field.

Toy models for quantum evolution in the presence of closed timelike curves have gained attention in the recent literature due to the strange effects they predict. The circuits that give rise to these effects appear quite abstract and contrived, as they require nontrivial interactions between the future and past that lead to infinitely recursive equations. We consider the special case in which there is no interaction inside the closed timelike curve, referred to as an open timelike curve (OTC), for which the only local effect is to increase the time elapsed by a clock carried by the system. Remarkably, circuits with access to OTCs are shown to violate Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, allowing perfect state discrimination and perfect cloning of coherent states. The model is extended to wave packets and smoothly recovers standard quantum mechanics in an appropriate physical limit. The analogy with general relativistic time dilation suggests that OTCs provide a novel alternative to existing proposals for the behavior of quantum systems under gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the Hénon-Heiles system as a paradigmatic model for chaotic scattering to study the Lorentz factor effects on its transient chaotic dynamics. In particular, we focus on how time dilation occurs within the scattering region by measuring the time with a clock attached to the particle. We observe that the several events of time dilation that the particle undergoes exhibit sensitivity to the initial conditions. However, the structure of the singularities appearing in the escape time function remains invariant under coordinate transformations. This occurs because the singularities are closely related to the chaotic saddle. We then demonstrate using a Cantor-like set approach that the fractal dimension of the escape time function is relativistic invariant. In order to verify this result, we compute by means of the uncertainty dimension algorithm the fractal dimensions of the escape time functions as measured with an inertial frame and a frame comoving with the particle. We conclude that, from a mathematical point of view, chaotic transient phenomena are equally predictable in any reference frame and that transient chaos is coordinate invariant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper time, ideal clocks, and boosts are well understood classically, but subtleties arise in quantum physics. We show that quantum clocks set in motion via momentum boosts do not witness classical time dilation. However, using velocity boosts we find the ideal behavior in both cases, where the quantum clock and classical observer are set in motion. Without internal state-dependent forces additional effects arise. As such, we derive observed frequency shifts in ion trap atomic clocks, indicating a small additional shift, and also show the emergence of nonideal behavior in a theoretical clock model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a microscopic observation of the time-dependent dynamic tube dilation process on isofrictional bidisperse melts. By applying neutron spin echo (NSE) and dielectric techniques on blends of long polyisoprene (PI) chains with short PI additives with different topology, we access the dynamics of the tube dilation process on a molecular scale. The time-dependent tube dilation is directly revealed by NSE as an additional time dependence of the dynamic structure factor in the local reptation regime. We identify the characteristic time of tube dilation as the terminal time of the additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]