159 results on '"Rosner, Bernard"'
Search Results
2. Longitudinal Analysis of Change in Mammographic Density in Each Breast and Its Association With Breast Cancer Risk.
- Author
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Jiang, Shu, Bennett, Debbie L., Rosner, Bernard A., and Colditz, Graham A.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Pet Attachment and Anxiety and Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Women.
- Author
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Żebrowska, Magdalena, Strohmaier, Susanne, Huttenhower, Curtis, Eliassen, A. Heather, Zeleznik, Oana A., Westgarth, Carri, Huang, Tianyi, Laden, Francine, Hart, Jaime E., Rosner, Bernard, Kawachi, Ichiro, Chavarro, Jorge E., Okereke, Olivia I., and Schernhammer, Eva S.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to mortality in women
- Author
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Kenfield, Stacey A., Stampfer, Meir J., Rosner, Bernard A., and Colditz, Graham A.
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Smoking -- Health aspects ,Women -- Health aspects ,Colorectal cancer -- Risk factors ,Morality -- Statistics ,Ovarian cancer -- Risk factors - Abstract
A study to establish whether there is a relationship between smoking and mortality and an increased risk of ovarian and colorectal cancer is conducted. Results indicate that mortality due to smoking in women can be reduced if smoking is stopped and that there is a relationship between smoking and an increased risk of colorectal cancer but not ovarian cancer.
- Published
- 2008
5. Association of CFH Y402H and LOC387715 A69S with progression of age-related macular degeneration
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., Francis, Peter J., George, Sarah, Schultz, Dennis W., Rosner, Bernard, and Klein, Michael L.
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Macular degeneration -- Genetic aspects ,Macular degeneration -- Development and progression ,Single nucleotide polymorphisms -- Research - Abstract
A large, national multicenter study is used to assess whether the genes CFH and LOC387715 are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related visual loss. The results show that common polymorphisms in the genes CFH and LOC387715 are independently related to AMD progression after adjustment for other known AMD risk factors.
- Published
- 2007
6. Extended work duration and the risk of self-reported percutaneous injuries in interns
- Author
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Ayas, Najib T., Barger, Laura K., Cade, Brian E., Hashimoto, Dean M., Rosner, Bernard, Cronin, John W., Speizer, Frank E., and Czeisler, Charles A.
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Work-related injuries -- Risk factors ,Interns (Medicine) -- Injuries ,Interns (Medicine) -- Health aspects ,Night work -- Health aspects - Abstract
The relationship between extended work duration and rates of percutaneous injuries is assessed in a diverse population of interns in the United States. It is found that extended work duration and night work are associated with an increased risk of percutaneous injuries.
- Published
- 2006
7. Adult weight change and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer
- Author
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Eliassen, A. Heather, Colditz, Graham A., Rosner, Bernard, Willett, Walter C., and Hankinson, Susan E.
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Weight gain -- Health aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors - Abstract
The associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women is assessed. The result suggests that weight gain during adult life, specifically since, menopause, increases the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, whereas weight loss after menopause is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer.
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- 2006
8. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: Results of the ominiheart randomized trial
- Author
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Appel, Lawrence J., Laranjo, Nancy M., Charleston, Jeanne, Sacks, Frank M., Rosner, Bernard A., McCarron, Phyllis, Carey, Vincent J., Erlinger, Thomas P., Bishop, Louise M., Obarzanek, Eva, Conlin, Paul R., Swain, Janis F., and Miller, Edgar R.
- Subjects
Blood pressure -- Research ,Blood lipids -- Research ,Monounsaturated fatty acids -- Health aspects ,Carbohydrates -- Health aspects - Abstract
The effects of three healthful diets, each with reduced saturated fat intake, on blood pressure and serum lipids is compared. Results reveal that in the setting of a healthful diet, partial substitution of carbohydrate with either protein or monosaturated fat could further lower blood pressure, improve lipid levels, and reduce estimated cardiovascular risk.
- Published
- 2005
9. Fish consumption and risk of stroke in men
- Author
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He, Ka, Rimm, Eric B., Merchant, Anwar, Rosner, Bernard A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., and Ascherio, Alberto
- Subjects
Stroke (Disease) -- Prevention ,Fish as food -- Health aspects - Abstract
Men who eat fish at least once a month can lower their risk of a stroke by 40%, according to a 12-year study of 43,671 men. Eating fish more frequently did not substantially lower the risk any more than 50%. Most strokes are caused by a blood clot in the brain that cuts off the blood supply to various parts of the brain. Fish consumption did not reduce the risk of a hemorrhagic stroke, which is caused by bleeding inside the brain.
- Published
- 2002
10. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women
- Author
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Eliassen, A. Heather, Hankinson, Susan E., Rosner, Bernard, Holmes, Michelle D., and Willett, Walter C.
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Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Breast cancer -- Demographic aspects ,Breast cancer -- Research ,Exercise -- Health aspects ,Exercise -- Demographic aspects ,Exercise -- Research ,Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2010
11. Clinical trial of lutein in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A
- Author
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Berson, Eliot L., Rosner, Bernard, Sandberg, Michael A., Weigel-DiFranco, Carol, Brockhurst, Robert J., Hayes, K.C., Johnson, Elizabeth J., Anderson, Ellen J., Johnson, Chris A., Gaudio, Alexander R., Willett, Walter C., and Schaefer, Ernst J.
- Subjects
Retinitis pigmentosa -- Prevention ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Research ,Visual fields -- Physiological aspects ,Visual fields -- Research ,Vitamin A -- Health aspects ,Vitamin A -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2010
12. Dual effects of weight and weight gain on breast cancer risk
- Author
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Huang, Zhiping, Hankinson, Susan E., Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Hunter, David J., Manson, Joann E., Hennekens, Charles H., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Willett, Walter C.
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Weight gain -- Health aspects ,Hormone therapy -- Health aspects - Abstract
Weight gain in adulthood may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer after menopause. This was one conclusion of a 16-year follow-up of 95,256 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study. During that time, 2,517 women developed breast cancer and 60% were postmenopausal. Weight gain during adulthood did not increase the risk of premenopausal breast cancer but increased the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer two-fold in women who did not use hormone therapy. Weight gain and hormone use combined were linked to one-third of postmenopausal breast cancer cases., Context.--Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality among women. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors for this disease. Objective.--To examine body mass index (BMI) at the age of 18 years and at midlife and adult weight change in relation to breast cancer incidence and mortality. Design.--Cohort study. Setting.--A cohort of 95 256 US female nurses aged 30 to 55 years who were followed up for 16 years. Main Outcome Measure.--Incident and fatal breast cancer. Results.--During 1 203498 person-years, 2517 incident breast cancers (60% postmenopausal) were documented. Higher current BMI was associated with lower breast cancer incidence before menopause and was minimally associated with incidence after menopause. However, a stronger positive relationship was seen among postmenopausal women who never used hormone replacement (relative risk=1.59 for BMI >31 kg/m[sup.2] vs is less than or equal to 20 kg/m[sup.2]; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.32; P for trend Conclusions.--Avoiding adult weight gain may contribute importantly to the prevention of breast cancer after menopause, particularly among women who do not use postmenopausal hormones. JAMA. 1997;278:1407-1411
- Published
- 1997
13. Combined estrogen and testosterone use and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
- Author
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Tamimi, Rulla M., Hankinson, Susan E., Chen, Wendy Y., Rosner, Bernard, and Colditz, Graham A.
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Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Research ,Estrogen -- Research ,Testosterone -- Research ,Hormone therapy -- Patient outcomes ,Hormone therapy -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2006
14. Cigarette smoking, fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and associations with age-related macular degeneration: The US Twin Study of Age-Related macular degeneration
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., George, Sarah, and Rosner, Bernard
- Subjects
Macular degeneration -- Risk factors ,Smoking -- Research ,Omega-3 fatty acids -- Research ,Fish as food -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2006
15. Unopposed estrogen therapy and the risk of invasive breast cancer
- Author
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Chen, Wendy Y., Manson, JoAnn E., Hankinson, Susan E., Rosner, Bernard, Holmes, Michelle D., Willett, Walter C., and Colditz, Graham A.
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Estrogen -- Complications and side effects ,Hormone therapy -- Complications and side effects ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Long-term care of the sick -- Patient outcomes ,Health - Published
- 2006
16. Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in women: a ten-year follow-up
- Author
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Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Manson, Joann E., Colditz, Graham A., Rosner, Bernard A., Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
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Caffeine -- Health aspects ,Coffee -- Health aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors - Abstract
There appears to be no association between caffeine consumption and coronary heart disease in women. Researchers analyzed the incidence of fatal and nonfatal heart attacks in 85,747 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study between 1980 and 1990. Since 1980, the women had been asked during their biennial surveys to estimate the amount of caffeine they consumed. During the study, there were 181 fatal and 567 nonfatal heart attacks in the group. After controlling for smoking and age, there was no association between caffeine consumption and heart attack. Women who drank 6 or more cups of coffee had no higher risk of heart attack than women who drank fewer cups. There was no association between heart attack and the consumption of decaffeinated coffee or the consumption of coffee before 1976, which was when the Nurses' Health Study was started. Prior to this time, many people drank unfiltered coffee, which may contain a fat-soluble chemical that could raise cholesterol levels.
- Published
- 1996
17. Serum lipids, lipid-lowering drugs, and the risk of breast cancer
- Author
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Eliassen, A. Heather, Colditz, Graham A., Rosner, Bernard, Willett, Walter C., and Hankinson, Susan E.
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Statins -- Research ,Antilipemic agents -- Research ,Blood cholesterol -- Research ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Health - Published
- 2005
18. Progression of age-related macular degeneration: Prospective assessment of C-reactive protein, Interleukin 6, and other cardiovascular biomarkers
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., George, Sarah, Rosner, Bernard, and Rifai, Nader
- Subjects
Macular degeneration -- Complications and side effects ,Macular degeneration -- Development and progression ,Interleukin-6 -- Diagnosis ,C-reactive protein -- Diagnosis ,Biological markers -- Diagnosis ,Health - Published
- 2005
19. Weight, weight change, and coronary heart disease in women: risk within the 'normal' weight range
- Author
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Willett, Walter C., Manson, Joann E., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham A., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Weight gain -- Health aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors ,Middle aged women -- Health aspects - Abstract
Women with body weights in the upper-normal range and those who gain even modest amounts of weight during adulthood may have an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the 1990 U.S. weight guidelines, the desirable weight for women aged 35 and older ranges between 21 and 27 kilograms per meter squared of body height (kg m2). Between 1976 and 1990, researchers surveyed 115,818 women at two-year intervals to determine the affects of the women's medical histories and lifestyles on their risk for CHD. During the follow-up period, the women suffered 1,292 episodes of CHD. As the women's body mass increased, their risk of CHD increased. Even women with body masses between 25 and 28.9 kg m2 had more than two times the risk of CHD than women who weighed less than 21 kg m2. Women who gained at least five kg of weight after age 18 had a significantly higher risk of CHD than women who gained less than five kg after age 18.
- Published
- 1995
20. Further evaluation of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiveing vitamin A treatment
- Author
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Berson, Eliot L., Rosner, Bernard, Sandberg, Michael A., Weigel-DiFranco, Carol, Moser, Ann, Brockhurst, Alexander, Hayes, K.C., Johnson, Chris A., Anderson, Ellen J., Gaudio, Alexander R., Willett, Walter C., and Schaefer, Ernst J.
- Subjects
Vitamin A -- Drug therapy ,Omega-3 fatty acids -- Drug therapy ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Development and progression ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Care and treatment ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Case studies ,Clinical trials -- Reports ,Health - Published
- 2004
21. Clinical trial of docosahexaenoic acid in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A treatment
- Author
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Berson, Eliot L., Rosner, Bernard, Sandberg, Michael A., Weigel-DiFranco, Carol, Moser, Ann, Brockhurst, Alexander, Hayes, K.C., Johnson, Chris A., Anderson, Ellen J., Gaudio, Alexander R., Willett, Walter C., and Schaefer, Ernst J.
- Subjects
Omega-3 fatty acids -- Drug therapy ,Vitamin A -- Drug therapy ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Development and progression ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Care and treatment ,Retinitis pigmentosa -- Case studies ,Clinical trials -- Reports ,Health - Published
- 2004
22. Lifetime nonnarcotic analgesic use and decline in renal function in women
- Author
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Curhan, Gary C., Knight, Eric L., and Rosner, Bernard
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Kidney diseases -- Research ,Kidney diseases -- Causes of ,Internal medicine -- Research ,Analgesics -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2004
23. Prospective study of intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins, and carotenoids and risk of age-related maculopathy
- Author
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Cho, Eunyoung, Seddon, Johanna M., Rosner, Bernard, Willett, Walter C., and Hankinson, Susan E.
- Subjects
Macular degeneration -- Nutritional aspects ,Macular degeneration -- Research ,Eye diseases -- Nutritional aspects ,Eye diseases -- Research ,Health - Published
- 2004
24. Progression of age-related macular degeneration: Association with dietary fat, transunsaturated fat, nuts, and fish intake
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., Cote, Jennifer, and Rosner, Bernard
- Subjects
Eye diseases -- Care and treatment ,Macular degeneration -- Research ,Macular degeneration -- Diet therapy ,Health - Published
- 2003
25. Progression of age-related macular degeneration: association with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., Cote, Jennifer, Davis, Nancy, and Rosner, Bernard
- Subjects
Body mass index -- Health aspects ,Obesity -- Health aspects ,Macular degeneration -- Development and progression ,Health - Published
- 2003
26. Tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and risk of ovarian cancer: a prospective study
- Author
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Hankinson, Susan E., Hunter, David J., Colditz, Graham A., Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., and Speizer, Frank E.
- Subjects
Tubal sterilization -- Evaluation ,Hysterectomy -- Evaluation ,Ovarian cancer -- Risk factors - Abstract
Women who have a tubal ligation may have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer than those who do not. A tubal ligation is a sterilization procedure that involves closing off the fallopian tubes by surgical tieing off. Among 77,544 female nurses who were premenopausal in 1976, 14% had a tubal ligation and 10% had a hysterectomy. The risk of ovarian cancer for those who had had a tubal ligation was about one-fourth that of those who had not. Their lower risk did not appear to be caused by screening of the ovaries at the time of the tubal ligation. Researchers also examined the effect of having a hysterectomy on the risk of developing ovarian cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal female nurses. Women who had had a hysterectomy were slightly less likely to develop ovarian cancer. Their risk was about two-thirds that of women who had not had a hysterectomy., Objective.--To assess whether tubal ligation and hysterectomy affect subsequent risk of ovarian cancer. Design.--Prospective cohort study with 12 years of follow-up. Setting.--United States, multistate. Participants.--A total of 121 700 female registered nurses who were 30 to 55 years of age in 1976; the follow-up rate was 90% as of 1988. Main Outcome Measure.--Ovarian cancer of epithelial origin confirmed by medical record review. Results.--We observed a strong inverse association between tubal ligation and ovarian cancer, which persisted after adjustment for age, oral contraceptive use, parity, and other ovarian cancer risk factors (multivariate relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.64). The association was similar when we assessed tubal ligation status at the baseline questionnaire and excluded cases in the first 4 years to eliminate any possible short-term decrease in risk due to screening of the ovaries during ligation surgery. We noted a weaker inverse association between simple hysterectomy and ovarian cancer (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.00). Neither vasectomy nor condom use by a partner was associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Conclusions.--These data indicate that tubal ligation, and perhaps hysterectomy, may substantially reduce risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
- Published
- 1993
27. Family history, age, and risk of breast cancer: prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study
- Author
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Colditz, Graham A., Willett, Walter C., Hunter, David J., Stampfer, Meir J., Manson, Joann E., Hennekens, Charles H., Rosner, Bernard A., and Speizer, Frank E.
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Genetic aspects ,Familial diseases -- Risk factors - Abstract
Women may have a higher risk of developing breast cancer if their mother or sister have had the disease. The increase in risk associated with a family history of breast cancer may be smaller than previously thought. Among 117,988 women between 30 and 55 years old in 1976 who were followed until 1988, 2,389 developed invasive breast cancer. The highest risk of breast cancer occurred among women whose mother was diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 40. These women had twice the risk of developing breast cancer as women with no maternal history of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer was also higher among women whose mother was diagnosed with breast cancer after the age of 70 or whose sister had breast cancer. However, only 2.5% of the women diagnosed with breast cancer had a family history of the disease., Objective.-To examine the risk of breast cancer as influenced by a maternal history of breast cancer, the mother's age of diagnosis, or a sister's history of breast cancer. Design.-Prospective cohort study with biennial follow-up. Setting/Participants.-117 988 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 30 to 55 years in 1976, followed up through 1988 (1.3 million person-years of follow-up). Results.-We identified 2389 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Compared with women without a maternal history of breast cancer, the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of breast cancer was highest among women whose mother was diagnosed before the age of 40 years (RR, 2.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 2.8]). The RR decreased with advancing maternal age at time of diagnosis to 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2) for maternal diagnosis after the age of 70 years. Having a sister with a history of breast cancer also was related to increased risk; for women with one sister with breast cancer compared with those with one sister without such a history, the age-adjusted RR was 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.4). Women whose mother and sister both had a history of breast cancer had an RR of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.2) compared with those without a family history. These associations did not differ appreciably when stratified by age; menopausal status; history of benign breast disease; body mass index; age at menarche; or parity or age at first birth of the women at risk. The results remained unchanged when we controlled for these risk factors in multivariate models. despite slightly greater mammography surveillance and earlier detection of tumors among women with a family history of breast cancer, detection bias is unlike to account for more than a small part of the observed association. Conclusions.--Risk of breast cancer is approximately doubled among women whose mother had breast cancer diagnosed before the age of 40 years or who have a sister with breast cancer, and remains elevated even for those whose mothers were diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 70 years or older. However, the risk associated with a mother or sister history of breast cancer is smaller than suggested by earlier retrospective studies. Overall, within this population of middle-aged women, only 2.5% of breast cancer cases are attributable to a positive family history. (JAMA. 1993;270:338-343)
- Published
- 1993
28. Smoking cessation and decreased risk of stroke in women
- Author
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Kawachi, Ichiro, Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Manson, Joann E., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekins, Charles H.
- Subjects
Stroke (Disease) -- Risk factors ,Smoking -- Health aspects - Abstract
Women who stop smoking may reduce their risk of stroke to that of a non-smoker within two to four years after they stop. Smoking is a known risk factor for stroke. Data on 117,006 women in the Nurses' Health Study show that 33% were smokers in 1976, compared to only 22% in 1988. During the 12-year follow-up, there were 448 strokes in the group. Smokers had almost three times the risk of stroke as those who never smoked, and their risk increased with the number of cigarettes they smoked daily. Among former smokers, the risk of a stroke dropped significantly so that by two to four years, their risk was only slightly higher than those who never smoked. This was especially true for ischemic strokes, which result when a blood clot lodges in an artery, cutting off the blood supply to the brain. Smoking is known to constrict arteries, which reduces blood flow, and increase platelet aggregation. This could lead to a higher risk of stroke in smokers., Objective. To prospectively examine the relationship of time since stopping smoking with risk of stroke in middle-aged women. Design.--An ongoing prospective cohort of women with 12 years' follow-up data (1976 to 1988), in which information on smoking habits was updated every 2 years by postal questionnaire. Population Studied.--A total of 117 006 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 and free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. Main Outcome Measures.--Incident strokes (fatal and nonfatal), further subdivided into ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage. Results. The age-adjusted relative risk of total stroke among current smokers compared with never smokers was 2.58 (95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 3.19). The corresponding relative risk among former smokers was 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.73). For total and ischemic stroke, the excess risks among former smokers largely disappeared from 2 to 4 years after cessation. The same patterns of decline were observed regardless of number of cigarettes smoked, the age at starting, or the presence of other risk factors for stroke. Conclusions.--The risk of suffering a stroke among cigarette smokers declines soon after cessation and the benefits are independent of the age at starting and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. (JAMA. 1993;269:232-236)
- Published
- 1993
29. Frequency of analgesic use and risk of hypertension in younger women
- Author
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Curham, Gary C., Willett, Walter C., Rosner, Bernard, and Stampfer, Meir J.
- Subjects
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -- Adverse and side effects ,Acetaminophen -- Adverse and side effects ,Cookery for hypertensives -- Risk factors ,Hypertension -- Risk factors ,Health - Published
- 2002
30. Dietary fat and fiber in relation to risk of breast cancer: an 8-year follow-up
- Author
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Willett, Walter C., Hunter, David J., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham, Manson, Joann E., Spiegelman, Donna, Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., and Speizer, Frank E.
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Dietary fat -- Health aspects ,Fiber in human nutrition -- Health aspects - Abstract
Women who reduce their fat intake may not necessarily reduce their risk of developing breast cancer. During an eight-year follow-up of 89,494 women in the Nurses' Health Study, 1,439 women developed breast cancer. There was no association between fat intake and the risk of developing breast cancer. This was true even in women who were postmenopausal. Women who consumed more than half their calories as fat were no more likely to develop breast cancer than those who consumed less than one-third their calories as fat. There was no association between the type of fat eaten and the risk of developing breast cancer. There was also no association between dietary fiber and the risk of developing breast cancer. Epidemiological studies have found low incidences of breast cancer in countries with low fat intake, but other dietary and life-style factors could be involved., Objective. -- To address the hypotheses that dietary fat increases and fiber decreases the risk of breast cancer. Design. -- Prospective cohort study with dietary assessment at baseline, using a balidated, self-administered food frequently questionnaire. Setting/Participants. -- 89 494 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were 34 through 59 years of age in 1980 and who were followed up for 8 years (>95% complete). Results. -- 1439 incident cases of breast cancer were diagnosed, including 774 among postmenopausal women. After adjustment for age, established risk factors, and total energy intake, we observed no evidence of any positive association between total fat intake and breast cancer incidence (relative risks [RRs] for increasing quintiles of fat intake were 1.0, 0.85, 0.96, 0.91, and 0.90; 95% confidence interval for highest vs lowest quintile, 0.77 to 1.07). Among postmenopausal women alone, corresponding RRs were 1.0, 0.89, 1.00, 0.95, and 0.91. Comparing extreme deciles of total fat intake (is greater than 49% vs Conclusions. -- These data provide evidence against both an adverse influence of fat intake and a protective effect of fiber consumption, by middle-aged women on breast cancer incidence over 8 years. Nevertheless, the positive association between intake of animal fat and risk of colon cancer observed in many studies provides ample reason to limit this source of energy.
- Published
- 1992
31. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract surgery in women
- Author
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Hankinson, Susan E., Willett, Walter C., Colditz, Graham A., Seddon, Johanna M., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Stampfer, Meir J.
- Subjects
Cataract -- Risk factors ,Cancer -- Prevention ,Smoking -- Health aspects - Abstract
Smoking increases the risk of cataracts, most specifically posterior subcapsular cataracts. A study of registered nurses ages 45 to 67 showed that women who smoked at least 65 pack years or greater had 63% increased risk of needing cataract surgery than did nonsmokers. They had 2.5 times the risk of posterior subcapsular cataract, a rare variety which causes symptoms early so making up a disproportionate number of surgical extractions. Risk did not decrease 10 years after quitting. This may be because older cells are compressed toward the center as new cells are produced rather than being replaced. The lens also has a limited ability to repair protein damage. The risk ratio increased by reducing intake of foods eaten with antioxidant vitamins. No studies to date explain if the effect of smoking is due to external smoke irritation or to a smoke constituent absorbed through the lungs., Objective.--To examine prospectively the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women. Design.--Prospective cohort study beginning in 1980 with 8 years of follow-up. Setting.--United States, multistate. Participants.--Registered nurses 45 to 67 years of age and free of diagnosed cancer. There were 50 828 women included in 1980 and others were added as they became 45 years of age. Main Outcome Measure.--Incidence of senile cataract extraction. Results.--We documented 493 incident senile cataracts diagnosed and extracted during 470 302 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.18 to 2.26; P for trend, .02). A similar increase in RR was noted when smoking was assessed in terms of number of cigarettes currently smoked or number of cigarettes smoked by past smokers. Results were also similar after adjusting for other potential risk factors for cataract. Smoking was also strongly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract specifically (RR, 2.59; 95% Cl, 1.49 to 4.50 for [is greater than or equal to] 65-pack-year smokers relative to nonsmokers). Conclusion.--Smoking appears to increase the risk of cataract extraction. (JAMA. 1992;268:994-998)
- Published
- 1992
32. A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract in men
- Author
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Christen, William G., Manson, Joann E., Seddon, Johanna M., Glynn, Robert J., Buring, Julie E., Rosner, Bernard, and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Cataract -- Risk factors ,Smoking -- Health aspects - Abstract
Men who smoke more than 20 cigarettes daily have over twice the risk of cataracts than those who have never smoked. A study of 557 cataracts among 371 patients ages 40 to 84 showed significantly greater risk of nuclear sclerotic and posterior subcapsular cataracts among current smokers. Past smokers had greater risk of posterior subcapsular cataract but not nuclear sclerotic cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataracts are particularly disabling and occur more frequently than other types. A study of female nurses showed similar results. Although the mechanism is not clear, cigarette smoking may act indirectly by altering plasma concentrations of nutrients which are important to maintain lens transparency. Antioxidents may also contribute to cataract formation., Objective.--To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of cataract. Design, Setting, and Participants.--The design was a prospective cohort study using data from the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin and beta carotene among 22 071 US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years that began in 1982. This analysis includes the 17 824 physicians who did not report cataract at baseline and did provide complete risk factor information. Based on information reported at baseline, 1 0% were current smokers, 39% were past smokers, and 51 % were never smokers. Main Outcome Measure.--An incident cataract was defined as a self-report confirmed by medical record review to have been first diagnosed after randomization, age-related in origin, and responsible for a decrease in best corrected visual acuity to 20/30 or worse. Main Results.--During 60 months of follow-up, 557 incident cataracts among 371 participants were confirmed. Compared with never smokers, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had a statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract (relative risk [RR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 3.20; P
- Published
- 1992
33. A prospective study of aspirin use and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women
- Author
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Manson, Joann E., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham A., Willett, Walter C., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Coronary heart disease -- Demographic aspects ,Women -- Health aspects ,Aspirin -- Health aspects ,Heart attack -- Prevention ,Medicine, Preventive -- Cases - Abstract
A number of studies have shown that aspirin can help reduce deaths and disease from cardiovascular events in patients who have had previous cardiovascular problems. However, these studies have not been able to determine whether aspirin affects women differently from men. Studies examining the preventive value of aspirin for people who have not yet had heart problems have had promising results, but these studies have only been performed on men. This study examined the effectiveness of aspirin taken on a regular basis in preventing first time cardiovascular events in women. Data regarding aspirin use and cardiovascular disease were obtained from the Nurses' Health Study. Questionnaires from 1980 to 1986 obtained from 87,678 women were examined. None of the women had prior histories of cardiovascular disease. The women were categorized by aspirin use and rates of cardiovascular events (e.g. heart attacks) were established for the various groups. Results showed that 40 percent of the women took aspirin on a regular basis. During the period of the study, there were 198 strokes, 81 deaths from heart disease, and 240 nonfatal heart attacks. For women that took one to six aspirins per week, there was a 32 percent reduction in the risk for a heart attack compared with those that did not take aspirin regularly. This reduction was not seen when the number of aspirin taken per week was seven or more. The reduced risk was not seen in women under the age of 50. The risk for stroke was not different among the groups. The risk for death from cardiovascular disease was lower, but not statistically significant, for the women who took one to six aspirins per week. These results indicate that aspirin taken on a regular basis may lower the risk of a first heart attack in women whose risk is high. Further studies using randomized trials are needed to confirm this finding. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
34. Prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
- Author
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Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Hennekens, Charles H., Rosner, Bernard, and Speizer, Frank E.
- Subjects
Menopause -- Drug therapy ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Breast cancer -- Statistics ,Estrogen -- Physiological aspects ,Estrogen -- Health aspects ,Postmenopausal women -- Health aspects - Abstract
Data from several lines of investigation indicate that elevated levels of estrogen (a female hormone) are associated with breast cancer. Studies of the role of exogenous estrogen administered to women after menopause (estrogen replacement therapy) have investigated women with histories of estrogen use, but have not distinguished between current and past users. To learn more concerning this issue, data from the Nurses' Health Study were evaluated. The study is a prospective one that involved 121,700 female nurses aged 30 to 55 at its beginning in 1976. In that year, participants answered a questionnaire about risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular disease; follow-up questionnaires were sent in 1978, 1980, 1982 and 1984. Subjects' menopausal status and postmenopausal use of hormones (if applicable) were investigated. The women were classified as current, past, or never users of estrogen replacement therapy, and their breast cancer histories were investigated. Results from 367,187 woman-years of follow-up indicated that approximately 21 percent of this time was taken up by current users; 25 percent by past users; and 51 percent by subjects who had never undergone estrogen replacement therapy (information was missing for 4 percent of the participants). Current users had a relative risk (RR) of 1.36 of developing breast cancer, compared with never-users; past users' RR was 0.98. Factors that could have confounded the results are discussed. Overall, it appears that estrogen promotes the development of breast cancer, but the effect is small. The hormone has a beneficial effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease and hip fractures, which counterbalances its adverse effects on cancer risk. The picture of estrogen's effects is complex, and caution in its use should be observed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
35. Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women
- Author
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Kawachi, Ichiro, Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Manson, Joann E., Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Smoking -- Health aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors ,Middle aged women -- Diseases ,Health - Abstract
Background: We examined prospectively the relation of time since stopping smoking with risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Methods: The study was based on 12 years' follow-up data (1976 through 1988) from the Nurses' Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study, in which information on smoking habits was updated every 2 years by a mailed questionnaire. The study population consisted of 117 006 female registered nurses aged 30 to 55 years in 1976 who were free of coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. The outcome measure used was incident coronary heart disease, defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction plus fatal coronary heart disease. Results: A total of 970 incident cases of coronary heart disease (215 among participants who never smoked, 214 among former smokers, and 541 among current smokers) occurred during 1.37 million person-years of follow-up. The multivariate relative risk of total coronary heart disease among current smokers compared with participants who never smoked was 4.23 (95% confidence interval, 3.60 to 4.96). Risk of coronary heart disease was highest among smokers who started smoking before the age of 15 years (relative risk, 9.25; 95% confidence interval, 5.27 to 16.23). The relative risk among former smokers was 1.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.79). On stopping smoking, one third of the excess risk of coronary heart disease was eliminated within 2 years of cessation. Thereafter, the excess risk returned to the level of those who never smoked during the interval 10 to 14 years following cessation. Conclusion: Women who stop smoking will experience an immediate benefit as well as a further longer-term decline in excess risk of coronary heart disease to the level of those who never smoked.
- Published
- 1994
36. Occupation and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction
- Author
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Hebert, Patricia R., Buring, Julie E., O'Connor, Gerald T., Rosner, Bernard, and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Heart attack -- Risk factors ,White collar workers -- Health aspects ,Blue collar workers -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Background.--While some analytic studies have suggested that individuals in occupations representing higher compared with lower socioeconomic status have a decreased risk of coronary heart disease, it is unclear whether occupation itself has an etiologic role in the development of coronary heart disease or whether differences in as yet uncontrolled coronary risk factors may account for these differences in risk. Methods.--White-collar vs blue-collar occupation and risk of coronary heart disease was evaluated among 230 male patients hospitalized for a first myocardial infarction and 222 control subjects of the same age, sex, and neighborhood of residence. Information on coronary risk factors was obtained from home interviews, and blood specimens were drawn to test lipid and lipoprotein levels. Usual occupation was dichotomized into white-collar and blue-collar occupation according to the Edwards' classification. Results.--The relative risk of myocardial infarction of white-collar compared with blue-collar workers was 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 1.19) after controlling for age, cigarette smoking, family history of premature myocardial infarction, history of treatment for high blood pressure, body mass index, history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, type A personality, leisure-time physical activity, total calories, and percentage of calories consumed as saturated fat. However, there was no residual association after control for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol yielding a relative risk of 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.63). Conclusions.--These results suggest that white-collar occupation per se does not appear to protect from coronary heart disease. Any apparent protective effect on myocardial infarction that has been previously observed in white-collar compared with blue-collar workers may be attributable to differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. (Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:2253-2257)
- Published
- 1992
37. A prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women
- Author
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Manson, Joann E., Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Krolewski, Andrzej S., Rosner, Bernard, Arky, Ronald A., Speizer, Frank E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors ,Diabetes -- Complications ,Diabetes -- Care and treatment ,Type 2 diabetes -- Demographic aspects ,Health - Abstract
Diabetes has long been known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the magnitude of that risk is unknown. Over 100,000 women enrolled in a long-term study known as the Nurses' Health Study were followed-up to determine the prevalence of diabetes and the rate of cardiovascular disease, specifically fatal and nonfatal heart attack and stroke. Women with maturity-onset diabetes were found to have six times the risk for heart attack of nondiabetic women. Their risk of stroke was four times greater than that of nondiabetics. Women whose diabetes was diagnosed before the age of 30 had a 12-fold greater than normal chance of developing heart disease, and a 10-fold greater than normal chance of having a stroke. Heart disease among diabetics was found to be even more prevalent in the presence of other known cardiac risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels and obesity. Of the 100,000 women studied, diabetics accounted for 2 percent, yet they accounted for 14 percent of the cases of heart disease and 12 percent of strokes. Diabetes causes this increased risk of heart disease and stroke through a variety of mechanisms, such as causing platelets, blood-clotting cells, to become more 'sticky,' increasing the likelihood of blood clots, or causing damage to the small blood vessels of the heart and brain. Since some cases of adult-onset diabetes can be prevented merely by preventing obesity, these data underscore the need to do so. Further, once diabetes has developed, modifying the other risk factors, such as smoking and high blood pressure, becomes even more important. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
38. Association of Statin Use and High Serum Cholesterol Levels With Risk of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
- Author
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Kang, Jae H., Boumenna, Tahani, Stein, Joshua D., Khawaja, Anthony, Rosner, Bernard A., Wiggs, Janey L., and Pasquale, Louis R.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Association of Analgesic Use With Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies.
- Author
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Barnard, Mollie E., Poole, Elizabeth M., Curhan, Gary C., Eliassen, A. Heather, Rosner, Bernard A., Terry, Kathryn L., and Tworoger, Shelley S.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Dietary Fat and Risk of Breast Cancer
- Author
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Newmark, Harold, Wittkowski, Knut M., Shiff, Steven J., Hirsch, Jules, Holmes, Michelle D., Rosner, Bernard, and Willett, Walter C.
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Low-fat diet -- Health aspects - Published
- 1999
41. Association of Vitamin A Supplementation With Disease Course in Children With Retinitis Pigmentosa.
- Author
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Berson, Eliot L., Weigel-DiFranco, Carol, Rosner, Bernard, Gaudio, Alexander R., and Sandberg, Michael A.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Dietary Fat and Risk for Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Author
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Seddon, Johanna M., Rosner, Bernard, Sperduto, Robert D., Yannuzzi, Lawrence, Haller, Julia A., Blair, Norman P., and Willett, Walter
- Subjects
Retinal degeneration -- Health aspects ,Dietary fat -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between intake of total and specific types of fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults. Design: A multicenter eye disease case-control study. Setting: Five US clinical ophthalmology centers. Patients: Case subjects included 349 individuals (age range, 55-80 years) with the advanced, neovascular stage of AMD diagnosed within 1 year of their enrollment into the study who resided near a participating clinical center. Control subjects included 504 individuals without AMD but with other ocular diseases. Controls were from the same geographic areas as cases and were frequency-matched to cases by age and sex. Main Outcome Measures: Relative risk for AMD according to level of fat intake, controlling for cigarette smoking and other risk factors. Results: Higher vegetable fat consumption was associated with an elevated risk for AMD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) was 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-3.74) for persons in the highest vs those in the lowest quintiles of intake (P for trend, .007). The risk for AMD was also significantly elevated for the highest vs lowest quintiles of intake of monounsaturated (OR, 1.71) and polyunsaturated (OR, 1.86) fats (Ps for trend, .03 and .03, respectively). Higher consumption of linoleic acid was also associated with a higher risk for AMD (P for trend, .02). Higher intake of [Omega]-3 fatty acids was associated with a lower risk for AMD among individuals consuming diets low in linoleic acid, an [Omega]-6 fatty acid (P for trend, .05; P for continuous variable, .03). Similarly, higher frequency of fish intake tended to reduce risk for AMD when the diet was low in linoleic acid (P for trend, .05). Conversely, neither [Omega]-3 fatty acids nor fish intake were related to risk for AMD among people with high levels of linoleic acid intake. Conclusion: Higher intake of specific types of fat--including vegetable, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats and linoleic acid--rather than total fat intake may be associated with a greater risk for advanced AMD. Diets high in [Omega]-3 fatty acids and fish were inversely associated with risk for AMD when intake of linoleic acid was low. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1191-1199
- Published
- 2001
43. Seven-Year Changes in Alcohol Consumption and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Men
- Author
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Sesso, Howard D., Stampfer, Meir J., Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., Manson, Joann E., and Gaziano, J. Michael
- Subjects
Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Health aspects ,Cardiovascular diseases -- Prevention ,Health - Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined whether changes in alcohol consumption influence future cardiovascular risk. Objective: To examine whether 7-year changes in alcohol consumption are associated with the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We prospectively followed up 18455 men aged 40 to 84 years from the Physicians' Health Study with no history of CVD or cancer. Alcohol consumption was reported on the baseline and the 7-year questionnaires; follow-up for this analysis began after the 7-year questionnaire (median follow-up, 5.8 years). There were 1091 CVD cases, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, revascularization, stroke, and CVD-related death. Results: Among men initially consuming 1 drink per week or less (n = 7360), those with moderate increases ([is greater than] 1 to [is less than] 6 drinks per week) in alcohol consumption had a borderline significant (P = .05) 29% reduced risk of CVD compared with men with no changes (-1 to 1 drink per week). Among men initially consuming greater than 1 to 6 drinks per week (n = 6612), those with moderate increases had a nonsignificant (P = .32) 15% decrease in CVD risk compared with men with no changes. Finally, among men initially consuming 1 drink per day or more (n = 4483), those who increased intake had a 63% increased risk of CVD compared with men with no changes. Conclusions: These prospective data suggest that, among men with initially low alcohol consumption ([is less than or equal to] 1 drink per week), a subsequent moderate increase in alcohol consumption may lower their CVD risk. The possible reduction in CVD risk from increasing alcohol intake did not extend to men initially consuming greater than 1 drink per week. Given the potential risks and benefits associated with alcohol consumption, physician counseling of patients must be individualized in the context of the primary prevention of CVD. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:2605-2612
- Published
- 2000
44. Age at Natural Menopause and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
- Author
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Hu, Frank B., Grodstein, Francine, Hennekens, Charles H., Colditz, Graham A., Ndegeocello, Me'Shell, Manson, Joann E., Rosner, Bernard, and Stampfer, Meir J.
- Subjects
Cardiovascular diseases -- Risk factors ,Menopause -- Health aspects ,Women -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Background: Early natural menopause has been postulated to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To examine the relation of age at natural menopause with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in the Nurses' Health Study. Methods: Analysis was restricted to 35 616 naturally postmenopausal women who never used estrogen replacement therapy and with no diagnosed cardiovascular disease at baseline, followed up from 1976 to 1994. Information on menopausal status, age at menopause, and other risk factors was obtained in 1976 and updated every 2 years by mailed questionnaires. Results: During 354 326 person-years of follow-up, we documented 757 incident cases of CHD and 350 incident cases of stroke. After adjusting for age, smoking status, and other cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risks (RRs) across categories of age at natural menopause ([is less than] 40, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, and [is greater than or equal to] 55 years) were 1.53, 1.42, 1.10, 1.00 (reference), and 0.95, respectively; the RR for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause was 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.05). Elevated risk with younger age at menopause was observed among current smokers (RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] for each 1-year decrease in age at natural menopause) but not among never smokers (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.04). Age at natural menopause was not significantly associated with ischemic stroke (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.04) or hemorrhagic stroke (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.10). Conclusions: We observed an overall significant association between younger age at menopause and higher risk of CHD among women who experienced natural menopause and never used hormone therapy. This increased risk was observed among current smokers but not among never smokers. The apparent elevated risk of CHD with decreased age at natural menopause among smokers might reflect residual confounding by smoking. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159:1061-1066
- Published
- 1999
45. Prospective study of relative weight, height, and risk of breast cancer
- Author
-
London, Stephanie J., Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Rosner, Bernard, and Speizer, Frank E.
- Subjects
Cancer -- Risk factors ,Obesity -- Risk factors ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors - Abstract
Diet and energy intake are known to be associated with the incidence of mammary tumors in laboratory animals. The role of energy balance and body weight, particularly obesity, in the incidence of breast tumors is not clearly known. However, different risk rates obtained from various countries, and from the incidence rate fluctuations of populations who move from one country to another, point to a causal or etiologic role of diet in the development of breast cancer. The height and relative weight of 115,534 women who were 30 to 44 years old at the onset of this long-term study were recorded. At the time of their inclusion into the study all participants were known to be free of breast cancer. Eight years later, 648 premenopausal and 420 postmenopausal women had developed breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer in premenopausal woman was found to be statistically inversely related to their relative weight (weight adjusted for height), a measure of degree of body fat. (Less weight seems to be associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer.) A similar relationship was also found between the patients' weight at 18 years of age (as remembered and reported by the patient) and breast cancer. There was no significant relationship between weight at any age and cancer in postmenopausal women who developed breast cancer. Although thinner women have breast tumors discovered earlier and at a time when they are smaller and have better cure rates, the results in this study do not appear to be biased by such earlier detection. Adult obesity is generally associated with an increase risk of cancer. However, this study suggests that the rate of breast cancer in younger premenopausal woman may be reduced by obesity and that the risks of postmenopausal woman are only slightly affected by obesity., ABSTRACT: We examined relative weight and height in relation to subsequent breast cancer risk among 115534 women 30 to 55 years of age and free from cancer in 1976. By 1984, six hundred fifty-eight premenopausal and 420 postmenopausal breast cancers were documented during 734716 person-years. Among premenopausal women, risk of breast cancer decreased significantly with increasing relative weight (relative risk for the highest category was 0.6). A similar inverse association was seen for recalled relative weight at 18 years of age. Postmenopausal breast cancer was not associated with relative weight, either recent or at age 18. Height was not associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women and only weakly related among postmenopausal women. These data suggest that obesity among premenopausal and early postmenopausal women does not increase breast cancer risk substantially.
- Published
- 1989
46. Association Between Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women.
- Author
-
Vetter, Céline, Devore, Elizabeth E., Wegrzyn, Lani R., Massa, Jennifer, Speizer, Frank E., Kawachi, Ichiro, Rosner, Bernard, Stampfer, Meir J., and Schernhammer, Eva S.
- Subjects
WORKING hour statistics ,CORONARY disease ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NURSES ,RESEARCH funding ,RISK assessment ,TIME ,WORK ,DISEASE incidence ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models - Abstract
Importance: Prospective studies linking shift work to coronary heart disease (CHD) have been inconsistent and limited by short follow-up.Objective: To determine whether rotating night shift work is associated with CHD risk.Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study of 189,158 initially healthy women followed up over 24 years in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS [1988-2012]: N = 73,623 and NHS2 [1989-2013]: N = 115,535).Exposures: Lifetime history of rotating night shift work (≥3 night shifts per month in addition to day and evening shifts) at baseline (updated every 2 to 4 years in the NHS2).Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident CHD; ie, nonfatal myocardial infarction, CHD death, angiogram-confirmed angina pectoris, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, stents, and angioplasty.Results: During follow-up, 7303 incident CHD cases occurred in the NHS (mean age at baseline, 54.5 years) and 3519 in the NHS2 (mean age, 34.8 years). In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, increasing years of baseline rotating night shift work was associated with significantly higher CHD risk in both cohorts. In the NHS, the association between duration of shift work and CHD was stronger in the first half of follow-up than in the second half (P=.02 for interaction), suggesting waning risk after cessation of shift work. Longer time since quitting shift work was associated with decreased CHD risk among ever shift workers in the NHS2 (P<.001 for trend). [table: see text]Conclusions and Relevance: Among women who worked as registered nurses, longer duration of rotating night shift work was associated with a statistically significant but small absolute increase in CHD risk. Further research is needed to explore whether the association is related to specific work hours and individual characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Association of Dietary Nitrate Intake With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Prospective Analysis From the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
- Author
-
Kang, Jae H., Willett, Walter C., Rosner, Bernard A., Buys, Emmanuel, Wiggs, Janey L., and Pasquale, Louis R.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Cigarette smoking and risk of cataracts
- Author
-
Harding, John J., Salchert, John J., Ravenholt, R.T., Roy, Hampton, Christen, William G., Manson, Joann E., Glynn, Robert J., Buring, Julie E., Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., and Seddon, Johanna M.
- Subjects
Smoking -- Health aspects ,Cataract -- Risk factors - Published
- 1993
49. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer
- Author
-
Bush, Trudy L., Helzlsouer, Kathy, Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Speizer, Frank E., Hennekens, Charles H., and Rosner, Bernard
- Subjects
Estrogen -- Health aspects ,Hormone therapy -- Physiological aspects ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors - Published
- 1991
50. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer
- Author
-
Dupont, William D., Pike, Malcolm C., Bernstein, Leslie, Ross, Ronald K., Henderson, Brian E., Vatz, Joan B., Kellie, Shirley E., Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Speizer, Frank E., Hennekens, Charles H., and Rosner, Bernard
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Estrogen -- Health aspects ,Hormone therapy -- Complications - Published
- 1991
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