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In recent years, numerical models for static load evaluation have demonstrated enhanced reliability and precision. This is particularly significant due to the numerous challenges that engineering buildings face, including exposure to hostile environments that can adversely affect the materials used in their construction. The objective of this study was to propose an effective software simulation and validation methodology for evaluating the concrete behavior of composite reinforced beams and encased with (GFRP) Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer I-sections under static loading conditions. The present study employed nonlinear finite element modeling using ABAQUS software. A study on numerical analysis was conducted to enhance understanding of reinforced composite beams performance under its influence of two statically applied point loads. Three parameters were used in the analysis of composite beams, namely the presence of GFRP I-section, type and positions of shear connectors. Therefore, it has been found that using of connectors in reinforced concrete composite beams can enhance stiffness and improve structural capacities by 9.16% and 20.83% for studs and C-channels respectively. The use of connectors on two surfaces contributes to the enhancement of flexural performance characteristics in concrete composite beams, resulting in a respective increase of 9%, 11% for studs and C-channels. In the case of beams with C-channel connectors, the slip values experience a notable decrease as a result of the enhanced stiffness and rigidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work constitutes an experimental attempt to enhance the thermal performance of a locally manufactured equivalent trough -type solar collector in Mosul, Iraq, located at a longitude of (43.015°) and latitude of (36.316°). Four different types of receivers surrounding the copper tubing were employed (air, black chrome-coated glass with aluminum fibers (a porous material) evacuated of air, black chrome-coated glass with a phase change material (a variable phase material), and evacuated transparent white glass). The mass flow rate of 1 L/min was utilized with deionized water as the heat transfer fluid and a single-axis tracking system (north-south). The experimental tests were conducted in Mosul, Iraq, during selected days of the months of May, June, and July 2023, from 9 am to 4 pm. The results revealed that when air surrounded the receiver, the useful thermal energy was at its highest value, reaching (557 watts). When using black chrome-coated glass with aluminum fibers evacuated of air, the useful thermal energy peaked at (1247 watts). Furthermore, employing black chrome-coated glass with a phase change material led to a maximum useful thermal energy of (620 watts), while using transparent white glass resulted in a maximum useful thermal energy of (759 watts). These findings indicate that the utilization of black chrome-coated glass with aluminum fibers evacuated of air provides the best thermal performance compared to the other types of receiver surroundings utilized in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's primary purpose is to analyse and compare the surface roughness of an unique Glass/Palm fibre epoxy composite that is filled with reinforcement of coir pith powder and one that does not contain reinforcement of coir pith powder. The Components and Procedures: The experimental group consisted of twenty samples of a novel coir pith powder reinforced epoxy composite made with glass and palm fibre with a volume percentage of twenty percent. The control group consisted of twenty samples of a glass and palm fiber-reinforced epoxy composite. For the preparation of composite plates, the hand lay-up approach was utilised. An 80 percent GPower is utilised for this operation, with an α value of 0.05 each group for the purpose of computing the sample size. The overall sample size totals forty. The surface roughness test was carried out in accordance with the standard established by SAE. Upon analysis, it was determined that the Glass/Palm fibre epoxy composite had a maximum surface roughness of 6.00 µm. The Glass/Palm fibre reinforced epoxy composite, which contained 20 percent coir pith powder filler, exhibited a maximum surface roughness of 5.03 micrometres upon examination. Based on the findings, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, as indicated by the p value of 0.001 (it is less than 0.05). Given the constraints of this investigation, the results indicate that the Glass/Palm fibre reinforced epoxy composite with 20 percent volume fraction coir pith powder exhibited a surface roughness that was lower than that of the Glass/Palm fibre epoxy composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the water absorption characteristics of a composite material consisting of glass and Kapok fibres, both with and without the incorporation of a revolutionary coconut shell powder. The substance in question is a composite material. The Constituents and the Methods involved: Twenty samples are included in the experimental group, which is comprised of a glass/Kapok fibre composite that has been reinforced with new coconut shell powder at a concentration of twenty percent. For the purpose of this experiment, the control group is comprised of twenty samples of a Glass/Kapok fibre epoxy composite. The total number of people who took part in this research project equals forty. The determination of the sample size for this study is accomplished by utilising the G power calculator. The GPower is set at 80 percent, and the α value is set at 0.05 for each group. In order to manufacture the composite, the hand lay-up method was utilised as the production method. The results of the experimental research led to the conclusion that the Glass/Kapok fibre reinforced composite has a water absorption of 8.2385 grammes, whereas the Glass/Kapok fibre epoxy composite that contains 20 percent new coconut shell powder has a low water absorption of 7.5345 grammes. This conclusion was reached based on the findings of the research. The study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, as demonstrated by the p value of 0.001 (p<0.05). This was confirmed by the fact that the p value was less than 0.05. It was demonstrated that Glass/Kapok fibre composites that contained 20 percent volume fraction coconut shell powder displayed a lower level of water absorption in comparison to Glass/Kapok fibre composites that contained coconut shell powder. This was in light of the limitations that were imposed by this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the surface roughness of glass/kapok fibre composites that contain new coconut shell powder and those that do not contain additional powder. Methodologies and Instruments for Research: The research was divided into two distinct areas. There were twenty samples that were employed as part of the experimental group. These samples were composites made of glass and Kapok fibres that were reinforced with a special coconut shell powder that was twenty percent. A control group consisting of twenty samples is an epoxy composite constructed of glass and Kapok fibres. This group is designated as the control group. The total number of participants included in the sample is forty. In order to estimate the appropriate size of this sample, we utilised the Gpower calculator, setting the significance level for each group at 0.05 and utilising an 80 percent G power. In order to make the composite, the hand lay-up process, which is recognised by ASTM, was utilised. According to the findings of the study, the surface roughness of the Glass/Kapok fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with 20 percent new coconut shell powder is 7.153 µm. This is in contrast to the surface roughness of the Glass/Kapok fiber-reinforced composite without the filler, which was 7.515 µm. There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups, as indicated by the statistics (p<0.05, p = 0.001), which can be concluded. According to the limitations of the investigation, the surface roughness of a new composite material that is twenty percent filled with coconut shell powder and reinforced with glass and Kapok fibres is lower than that of a composite material that is one hundred percent composed of glass and Kapok fibres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have been conducted to improve the quality of filaments used in 3D printing by manipulating various material and process parameters, including waste materials. This research aims to make high-strength 3D printing filaments by combining recycled ABS and HDPE and reinforcing them with glass fiber. The tensile strength of filaments made from ABS and HDPE and reinforced with fiberglass determines the final 3D printing product's strength. The process of making 3D printing filament using an extruder machine involves experimental methods, where the rotation speed and temperature of the extruder screw as well as the composition weight, are the key parameters. The raw materials for making 3D printing filament are HDPE and ABS recycled plastic pellets, as well as powdered glass fiber as reinforcement, mixed and fed into an extruder machine with a nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, extrusion speed of 400 mm/minute, and temperature of 200°C. 24 3D filament samples were fabricated with different composition parameters. The filament was then measured for swell ratio and tensile testing using a tensile testing machine with ASTM D3039 testing standards. Test specimens with a composition of 85% wt HDPE, 10% wt ABS, and 5% wt GF had the best tensile strength value of 22.20 MPa. Overall, this research is a promising step towards using environmentally friendly materials for 3D printing and reducing plastic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the enhancement of properties Geopolymer concrete based on fly ash utilizing dune sand as a fine aggregate and incorporating glass fiber. The utilization of fly ash and dune sand addresses sustainability and environmental concerns, while the addition of glass fiber aims to improve mechanical properties. The study includes experimental testing to evaluate compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, density, and water absorption of Geopolymer concrete specimens. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of glass fiber and 25% dune sand positively influences the strength of geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete with glass fiber and 25% dune sand recorded the maximum splitting, flexural, and compressive tensile strengths over all curing ages, offering a promising approach to enhance the performance of sustainable concrete materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to investigate the cause of structural failure to the composite crossarms used in 132kV electrical power transmission lines. It was believed that the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filler had contributed to the crossarms failure. Therefore, this research examined the effect of the CaCO3 on water absorption, flexural properties and phase changes in the composite crossarm. The tests on the composite properties such as flexural strength, water absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted. The flexural test was done before and after water absorption test. While the XRD was carried out to show the phase changes due to the incorporation of the CaCO3, as well as to determine the various compounds and their percentages in the composite crossarms. The findings suggest that specimens with CaCO3 had an increase in flexural strength and modulus by 75.5% and 60.7% respectively. However, the flexural properties after water absorption showed a decrease in strength. Similarly, a specimen with CaCO3 absorbed 2.06% water compared to the specimen without CaCO3 which absorbed 3.15%. The XRD analysis of the composite with CaCO3 revealed a high percentage of homogeneous phase of polymer and glass fibre when compared to the composite without CaCO3. The analysis confirms there was a presence of 8.7% CaCO3 in the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an experimental study conducted on Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete slabs subjected to impact load test. Conventional steel rebars are also considered for comparison purpose. GFRP rebars can be used as a reinforcing material to enhance the impact resistance of structural elements. GFRP is more durable compared to conventional steel reinforcement and possesses high strength to weight ratio. The current study aims to provide an overall idea of the impact resistance of slabs reinforced with GFRP rebars at different proportions. The comparison of results between GFRP and steel reinforced concrete slabs under impact loading is also performed. The number of blows taken for getting initial cracks and collapse is observed. The results prove that replacement of conventional steel reinforcement by GFRP rebars is beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the stress concentration of a three-dimensional Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) frame with a semi-rigid connection. The size of tubular profiles is 50mm x 50mm x 6mm, and the profile comprises unidirectional roving. The adhesive bonded connection was made between the beam, column and mechanical insert. Therefore, the analysis considers the bond between the outside surface of the beam, column and mechanical insert. Even though the pultruded GFRP material was anticipated to be linearly elastic and particularly orthotropic, the analysis was considered nonlinear. Because the maximum compressive force occurs at the corner of the mechanical insert and decreases as the distance increases, various failure modes, including bearing, net tension, shear out and cleavage, were found. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that even when the contact clearance is minimal, critical stress distributions normal about the far-field stress do not remain constant but change when the tension rises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of composite has spread in every industrial line. Composite is a solution to the demand for material with superior characteristics. One of the most needed characteristics is burning resistance. Extensive composite application encourages continuous innovation, including in terms of the use of natural fibers as a reinforcement. Research related to natural fibers is needed as an alternative to giving birth to environmentally friendly and economical composite. One of the natural fibers that can be utilized is bamboo fiber. Plants with very high growth rates are expected to be a sustainable alternative. The purpose of this study is to manufacture and test the burn resistance and mechanical property of the glass plate/bamboo fiber reinforced composite. There are 3 types of plates that will be manufactured, namely epoxy plates, glass fiber reinforced composite, and glass/bamboo fiber reinforced composite. glass fiber reinforced composite is manufactured with 4 glass fiber layers. Hybrid composites are manufactured with layers in the form of 2 glass fiber layers, bamboo layers, and 2 glass fiber layers in sequence. The GFRP and hybrid composites manufacturing method is by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The treatment of the 3 types of plates is burning with a duration of 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. The burnt results will be cut and tested according to ASTM D790. The results of the burn and bending tests show that the glass plate/bamboo fiber reinforced composite shows the highest burn resistance and the smallest decrease in bending power due to burnt treatment compared to the other 2 types of plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the impact behavior of GFRP Resin on a hybrid banana and prosopis juliflora composite is the main objective of this research. As a means of reinforcement, bi-directional glass fiber mat was used. A thermoset epoxy polymer served as the structural backbone. We used 2 weight percent hybrid banana and 4 weight percent prosopis juliflora powder as the filler ingredient. The hand layup process was used to create the composite material. The SPSS software was used for the analysis of the findings. Two groups were created for SPSS analysis: one for control and one for experimental purposes. Each group included 20 samples. After conducting impact tests using SPSS software and a T-test, it was shown that the epoxy composite with banana fiber and a 4% volume fraction of prosopis juliflora filler was statistically more significant compared to the GFRP epoxy composite without the filler. Our research investigation achieved a significant value of p=0.00 (p<0.05), indicating that the reinforcing particle is efficient. Compared to GFRP epoxy composites without filler, impact investigations of NF with a 4% content fraction of Prosopis juliflora reinforced epoxy composites performed far better, within the constraints of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on the testing and comparison of tensile behaviors of novel hybrid composite reinforced with chromium alloy composite and epoxy polymer composite reinforced with chromium alloy. The materials involved in this study were Three groups of hybrid composites and one control group which are compared in this study for comparing their tensile properties in this particular composite, synthetic fibres such as carbon fibre, kevlar fibre, and glass fibre forms outer surface. The middle layer comprises chromium alloy metal of grade CrNi60WTi. The carbon fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite is denoted as CpCr. Glass fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite is denoted as GfCr and control group consists of epoxy- chromium alloy laminate which is denoted as EpCr. The sample size per group was taken as 20 and total sample size was 80, And they were machined according to the ASTM standards of composite machining using an abrasive jet machining process. The values of tables and respective analysis were collected and compared with each other and it was found that the tensile strength of Cpcr was found to be 113.8100 MPa, tensile strength of KfCr was found to be 74.0210 MPa, tensile strength of GfCr was found to be 51.9230 MPa and tensile strength of control group EpCr was 48.9515 MPa in which four composite groups' significance value of 0.001(P<0.05) was observed. Within the limits of this study, it was found that the tensile strength of CfCr was greater than that of EpCr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber polymeric composites (GFRP) are employed in airplanes and other structures due to several advantages over traditional materials. Conventional drilling of polymeric composites causes various types of damage, such as fiber pull-out, matrix cracking, fuzzing, delamination, spalling, and poor surface quality of the drilled surfaces, mainly owing to the anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature of composites. To mitigate these damages, Nanoclay with 1.25 wt% and 2.5 wt% were incorporated into the GFRP composite to explore their effect on the performance of drilling in terms of surface roughness (SR), entry and exit delamination factor (Fd). The influence of machining parameters, such as feed rate (FR) and spindle speed (SS), on these machining performances was also investigated. Comparing the 2.5 wt% woven GFRP to the neat and 1.25 wt% woven GFRP, the 2.5 wt% woven GFRP has shown less delamination and surface damage. The outcomes for all varieties of composites demonstrate that the SS and FR significantly influence SR and Fd. The main factors that optimize the intended machining performances are a decrease in the FR and a rise in the SS and nanoclay wt%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become more popular than conventional materials. FRP has experienced significant growth and preference due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, low cost and ease of manufacture. This research aims to examine the mechanical and tribological performance of glass fiber epoxy composite incorporated with carbon nanotube (CNT). The Glass fiber is used here as a reinforcement, and the Epoxy matrix is incorporated with different concentrations of Carbon nanotubes (CNT). Carbon nanotubes have been suggested as the perfect filler material to increase the characteristics of modern nano-composites because of their exceptional properties. The Composite laminates were prepared using a hand layup process followed by an autoclave machine for curing. The glass fiber/epoxy composite was investigated under different weight percentages neat, 0.5% and 1% of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The fabricated specimen composite was tested for Interlaminar shear strength and flexural test in accordance to ASTM-2344 and ASTM D-790. The tribological behaviour of the composite has been experimentally evaluated in a dry sliding state using a pin-on-disc tribometer in accordance with ASTM –G99. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fibers are frequently utilized as reinforcing polymers. Glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRP) are unique due to their outstanding mechanical and physical characteristics that are useful in industrial applications. In order to mill these composites with good results, minimal fiber delamination and surface quality must be achieved. The current study aimed to improve the two critical milling parameters, feed rate and spindle speed, on performance attributes such as surface roughness (SR) and delamination factor (DF). The experimental design was planned using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. ANOVA was utilized to determine the impact of each parameter taken into consideration on performance characteristics. To achieve the lowest DF and SR values, the combination of the ideal parameters was determined to be higher spindle speed (SS) and lower feed rate (FR). Utilizing FESEM, the surface morphology was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents acoustical properties of balsa core sandwich panels. The sandwich panel is composed of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and balsa wood. The acoustical properties of the panel is evaluated in terms of absorption coefficient. The impedance tube technique utilizing ASTM Two-Load method is used for the sound absorption and characteristics. Different samples of the sandwich panel are prepared by varying the thickness of core. The sound absorption characteristics is observed to be sensitive to the thickness of samples and direction of incidence of sound waves. Along with the core thickness effect, the effect of placing samples in the direction of sound incidence is also studied. The placement direction is also observed to have a strong influence on the sound absorption. The thinner core sandwich panel has higher sound absorption in case the sample faces the sound source from the carbon fiber side. Whereas thicker core sandwich panel has higher absorption in case of the sample facing the sound source from the glass fiber side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human teeth and associated structures were lost as a result of trauma or tooth extraction due to an abscess as a result of aging or unexpected accidents, dentures are produced as dental prosthetic for this reason. Denture fracture has occurred in two cases, fracture of the denture base can occur either inside the mouth as a consequence of repeated chewing forces or as a result of a collision with a solid object, Out-of-mouth denture fracture can occur when the denture is dropped onto a hard surface, even during cleaning, or when coughing or sneezing can result in high-impact pressures. The main objective of this work is to increase properties of dentures against fracture by adding various concentration levels of chopped E-glass fiber (4, 8, and 12 wt. %) the specimens of auto-polymerized acrylic resin were prepared and randomly divided into four group: one is (control) and three repaired groups. One group was repaired with auto-polymerized resin while the other three groups were repaired using auto-polymerized resin reinforced with 4 wt. %, 8 wt. % and 12 wt. % glass fiber. And see how affected the mechanical (impact strength, flexural strength and hardness) and physical (density, water absorption) qualities of PMMA-repaired acrylic resin denture bases. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was employed to observe the fractured surface of the specimens and XRD to relieve the phases which be found in composite. The Reinforcing PMMA with chopped E-glass fiber at different concentration increase flexural and impact value compared to the pure sample. Flexural strength increases from (80.23 MPa) for control sample to (100.59, 97.21, and 95.72 MPa) for chopped E-glass with concentration 4%, 8% and 12% repressively. While impact strength value increased from (9.63KJ/m2) for control PMMA to (14.25 12.03 and 10.33 KJ/m2) repressively. Also the hardness shore D increase from (78.16) for control sample to (81.1, 83.96, and 85.43) repressively. In addition, density and water absorption increase with fiber concentration increase. It's concluded that 4% reinforcement with PMMA showed the maximum compared with other group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comfortable and successful socket represents the core purpose of the current work for the lower limb prosthetic, which must be satisfied two items, stiffness and elasticity for duration and damping purposes, respectively. In the present work, demonstrated a novel composite material made mainly from silicon and epoxy, where is the silicon material for damping and epoxy for rigidity. Eight models for a different component of two materials under study are performed. Model 4 of 15% silicon and 85% epoxy is fulfillment the optimum strength and elasticity needed for a succeeding socket. The methodology of the present work is divided into two parts experimental and numerical results. The experimental results, including manufacturing the composite models and the compression test, are done for all models. The numerical results are determined by a virtual simulation of the socket using the AUTODESK INVENTOR PROGRAM. The numerical results proved that model 4 satisfied all requirements from stresses, deformations, strain, and factors of safety which are obtained for the present material and selected traditional materials that were used as socket material in past research. Model 4 provides a superior stiffness in comparison with polypropylene and high-density polyethylene reaching 456 % and 21.8 %, while the softening of the new composite material for the socket is approximately similar to the polypropylene but larger than stiff glass fiber reinforced plastic reached to 317 %. Finally, the major observations that can be demonstrated from the current work are proposing a lighter, stronger, more elastic, and safer socket. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials are considered in engineering applications for its light weight and high strength. The desired properties are achieved in composite materials by properly selecting matrix and reinforcing elements. In the proposed study, the complete analysis of composite fabricated with Kevlar49 fibres of 12 Lamina fabricated by vacuum bag moulding technique for a thickness of 3mm. The Kevlar49 fibers are aligned by Bi-directional method, (0° and 90° angle). Similarly, the hybrid composite of kevlar49/glass are prepared in a same method. Kevlar49 fibres are 6 lamina and glass fibres are 6 laminae. These composites are prepared in the square plate shape. The Fabrication of the specimens is successfully completed and tensile test has been performed under ASTM standards. The specimens are tested in across and longitudinal direction. The Kevlar49 composite and kevlar49/glass hybrid composite results are compared and discussed in this work. The results show kevlar49 composite is high strength compared Kevlar49/glass hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely utilised building materials in the modern world is concrete. Cement is an essential part of concrete. Environmental concerns, in addition to deforestation and the combustion of fossil fuels, are very important in today's society. For instance, a large amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, which accounts for 7% of the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere of the earth, is released during the manufacture of cement, a crucial component of concrete. It can be difficult to safely dispose of the glass waste that is produced in daily life because it has a short lifespan and is typically either stored or discarded after use. Solving the environmental issue brought on by industrial waste is now of great significance on a global scale. Recent research has shown that waste glass, when utilised in the proper fraction and grade, can be successfully used in concrete as a number of substitutes for the constituents of concrete. Due to its high SiO2 content, When made into a very fine powder, discarded glass demonstrates pozzolanic qualities. As a result, it can partially substitute cement in concrete and contribute to the development of strength. In this study, the effect of adding glass fibres in various volume fractions with 20%, 30%, and 40% fly ash substitution of cement was examined, along with its effects on compressive strength and split tensile strength in comparison to conventional concrete. Overall test results indicate that glass fibre can be used in concrete. According to the research, concrete reaches its maximum strength at 20% glass particles. After 20% glass fibre is added, concrete loses strength and weakens compared to the control. The impact of adding various volume percentages of glass fibres (20%, 30%, and 40%) is investigated in this study. Regarding the concrete's split tensile and compressive strength, the impact of cement substitution was examined. According to the overall test outcome, glass fibre might be used in concrete. The outcome suggests that concrete's maximal strength occurs at a glass powder content of about 20%. Concrete's strength decreases and falls below that of the control at a level of 20% glass fibre [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics have changed the way we live our lives. It's conceivable that the operation's periodic product will surpass 300 million by every instance. We want to evaluate the PET bottles that contain air, hydrogen, helium, and neon since it is obvio us that plastic brings many societal advantages as well as undeveloped technical and coastal areas. It's purpose is to float on water. In order to create the blocky box, the bottles were coated with nylon net, polyester, and glass fibre. In order to gauge not only weight but also capacity. Its primary users were the coast guard and fishermen. And thus, at various feasts, to put some weight in a blocky box. The purpose of this design is to evaluate the buoyancy test in various stages to choose the most fashionable gas for use in safety operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most prevalent kind of flaw that may readily arise in concrete constructions is cracking, which can be caused by a variety of factors. Those fissures might potentially have an impact on the building's strength. In order to fix these gaps, it is necessary to locate a different source of supply. Materials such as GFRP Sheets and Nansosilica Gel have been selected for the objective of the inquiry being conducted. GFRP sheets are used for the aim of cost-effectiveness, and they are able to bear severe weights. As a result of its ability to fill minute holes, nanosilica gel has superior sealing properties. For the purpose of conducting an investigation, six rectangular beams with a cross section of 150x200 millimetres and a span of 1000 millimetres were cast using concrete of grade M25 and steel of grade Fe 500. For about 28 days, the cast beams are allowed to cure. The six beams are put through their paces after the curing procedure. As a control beam, the first two beams are selected once the testing has been completed. The next two beams are going to be coated with Nanosilica Gel, and the remaining two beams are going to be rolled and bound with GFRP sheets. In conclusion, a comparison has been conducted between the beams that are coated with Nanosilica Gel and the beams that are bound together with GFRP sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers are derived from plants and trees that have no negative impact on the environment. Composite materials have been utilized for many years. Fibers have been used in composite materials for a long time. The use of natural fibers has decreased as synthetic fibers such as glass fiber reinforced polymer have shown potential benefits. Natural fibers, on the other hand, have some drawbacks, such as poorer durability and strength. Recent advancements in the fiber business, on the other hand, have improved the qualities of natural fibers by properly treating them allowing them to compete with synthetic fibers in terms of durability and strength. In the present study, two types of natural fibers are considered, and they are sandwich hybridized (SH) to attain the properties of the constituent fibers in the whole laminate. The natural fibers considered are hemp and jute. In terms of tensile strength, hemp fiber is slightly stronger than jute fiber. A SH laminate with quasi-isotropic layup sequence is modelled analyzed for buckling and post-buckling under uniaxial compressive loading condition. A finite element method-based software ABAQUS has been used for the analysis purpose. It has been observed that SH laminates in which hemp fibers on the surface and jute in the core region have better performance compared to SH laminates in which jute fibers on the surface and hemp in the core regions. It's worth noting that hybridization has a significant impact on laminate modelling, which can be employed in structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For both rural and urban utilization as deemed fit, a multi-source powered oven dryer for drying of perishable foods and agricultural products was developed in this study. Three different heat sources are incorporated into this design. The heat generation sources are electricity, charcoal and gas. The heating element, the charcoal compartment, and the gas compartment are manually interchangeable for maximum utilization. The capacity of the chamber is 900 cm2 with three sets of trays for drying food. The oven was lagged using fiber glass to ensure good insulation and prevent high energy loss due to heat conduction. During testing, the chamber temperature of 103°C, 105°C, and 120°C were reached for electricity, charcoal and gas, respectively; when drying the cassava chaff at different masses (15, 30, and 45 g). The results revealed that the time of drying increases, the weight loss increases and the moisture content inherent in the cassava chaff reduces. However, the gas heat source gave a fast drying as a result of the high heat generated compared to other sources. This design is preliminary tested to work satisfactorily using the three different heat sources. Further test would be carried out on other agricultural products and the drying process would be optimized. The drying kinetics of the products would also be studied. This design is fit for purpose as either of the sources of heat can be used with respect to availability, it is significant as it can be employed in both the urban and in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the mechanical properties of hybrid nanocomposites manufactured through a hand layup process using natural fibers such as hemp and pineapple, synthetic fiber such as glass fiber as reinforcement, and LY556 epoxy with aluminum oxide as a nanofiller. The mechanical characteristics of composites are tested as per the ASTM. The study demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the composites were greatly enhanced by the inclusion of nanofillers. The Tensile, Flexural, and Impact strength were increased respectively, compared to the composites without nanofillers. Moreover, the composites exhibited a good balance of properties, including stiffness, strength, and toughness. According to the experimental study, it was suggested that the developed hybrid nanocomposites have great potential for various structural applications for automotive sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of particle pumice treatment on the flexural properties of the GFRP composite has been investigated. The local pumice from Rinjani mountain in Lombok Island Indonesia has been treated with a crushing process, calcination, and acid leaching treatment withHCL solution. The pumice particles embedded in unsaturated polyester resin (UPRs) were used as a matrix to bond the glass fiber with the configuration of CSM/WRM/CSM. The composite specimens were carried out for a three-point bending test, and their fracture surfaces were observed using SEM. The result shows that the GFRP composites have an increase in flexural strength and modulus along with the increasing pumice particle content. However, the composite with 40% particles has a decrease in its strength and modulus. The calcination and acid-leaching treatment with HCL solution of the pumice particles causes an increase in the flexural strength and modulus due to an increase of porosities on the particles. The GFRP composite with an acid-leaching particle content of 30% (wt) has good particle distribution, and there is less fiber pull-out and no void. Otherwise, the composite with 40% of particle content has long fiber pull-out and void. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, coffee beans powder was used as a natural material and their effect was studied as a reinforcement material on the composite material, where epoxy was used as a matrix and a layer of woven glass fibers. The results showed good mechanical properties after adding different weight fractions of (5%,10%,15%,20%,25%)wt of coffee beans powder (C.B). The best results for the mechanical properties were obtained when adding (20 %) C.B, where the ultimate tensile strength was in the value of (47.2) Mpa, the modulus of elasticity in the value of (0.83) GPa, the flexural strength in the value of (61.805) MPa, and the hardness in the value of (79.4) Shore-D, while the highest value of impact strength was at adding (25%)C.B which is (17)KJ/m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parts made from phenolic molding compounds reinforced with glass fibers have a good heat resistance, a high dimensional accuracy, and an excellent chemical resistance. However, these parts typically have a low elongation at break and a low impact toughness. Conventional glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds have an average fiber length which is below the critical fiber length for this material combination. To increase the fiber length in the molded parts, a new injection molding process was developed, which allows the direct feeding of long glass fibers into the plasticizing unit of the injection molding machine. For opening and dispersing long fiber bundles, a thermoset-specific screw mixing element was developed and compared to the conventional conveying screw geometry. The process stability was quantified by analyzing the plasticizing work and injection work. Despite the increased fiber shortening when using the mixing element, the dynamical mechanical properties were improved compared to the standard conveying screw geometry, which is attributed to the better fiber-matrix homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) has proven to be a suitable process for the manufacturing of automotive body parts. Thermosetting matrix materials combined with glass fiber reinforcement deliver a good performance to weight ratio at a competitive cost. The downside of SMC, as with all thermoset-based composites, is the limited recycling potential, especially compared to thermoplastic alternatives. A recently introduced resin system based on acrylates enables, for the first time, the production of a thermoplastic SMC, combining the strengths of the SMC process with the advantages of the thermoplastic resin systems. Replacing conventional glass fibers by synthetic fibers as reinforcement enables the production of a completely thermoplastic material, which is suited for lightweight and eco-friendly design in automotive applications of the future. In the present work, the acrylic resin system Elium, a reactive thermoplastic material with processing characteristics similar to those of polyester resins, was used to produce semi-finished materials and mold parts thereof on industrial-scale production equipment. Aramid fibers were introduced to the SMC material in the form of non-woven fabrics, as, due to the tough nature of those fibers, direct processing on a conventional SMC fiber-cutting unit was not feasible. For reference, an Elium-based SMC with glass fiber reinforcement was also produced, as well as a thermoset epoxy SMC with aramid fiber reinforcement. The material variants were characterized in regard to their tensile and flexural properties, as well as their impact strength. The obtained mechanical characteristics were benchmarked against commercial SMC products. The aramid fiber-based SMC variants exhibited good strength under both tensile and flexural load. Stiffness, in both load cases, ranged in between those of comparable glass and carbon fiber SMCs, which is in line with the modulus of the respective neat fibers. The impact strength of both aramid fiber reinforced materials was also good. Between those two materials, the epoxy variant displayed better mechanical performance. The glass-reinforced Elium SMC performed on a similar level to commercially available vinyl ester SMC. Overall, the achieved material performance was very promising. Paired with the low density of the produced material and its recycling potential this new type of SMC forms a valuable proposition for the composite market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to characterize the tensile properties and interfacial adhesion of chopped glass fiber semipreg reinforced polymer composites. Tensile testing was used to investigate the resistance to tension of composites. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was also used to determine the thermal behavior of composites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted to determine the microstructure and morphology of the composite polymers. The tensile testing results indicated that the tensile strength and Young's modulus were respectively improved by 23.45% and 53.77% for the CR-6/PA6 but decreased by 36.49% and 11.39% for CR-6/PA6GF30. DSC results revealed that crystallinity of PA6GF30 and PA6 surface of composites specimen was lower than those of PA6GF30 and PA6 specimens. SEM micrographs of CR-6/PA6 and CR-6/PA6GF30 fractured surfaces depicted good adhesion at the interface between CR-6 and injected PA6 or PA6GF30. XRD results showed that PA6 and PA6GF30 have different crystalline forms. The crystallizability of CR-6/PA6 and CR-6/PA6GF30 was promoted by the presence of CR-6. Introduction of glass fiber was shown to be helpful for formation of a more stable α-phase of PA6 and PA6GF30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling post-industrial plastic waste offers a series of advantages over post-consumer recycling due to the uncontaminated nature, stable composition, and limited degradation of the waste stream. However, manufacturers remain cautious about adopting this strategy for composite materials used for electrical applications, mainly due to the stringent requirements of the industry. In this study, we try to fill this gap by studying the effect of post-industrial recycling on glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6 for electrical applications. Extensive characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical properties is performed to ensure compliance with strict specifications required for the application in ABB's low-voltage circuit breakers. The findings contribute to the technical knowledge on post-industrial recycling of glass-fibre reinforced composite materials, aiding manufacturers in implementing this sustainable and cost-effective process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridized sheet molding compound (hybrid SMC) with pre-impregnated glass fiber fabric (F-SMC) was identified as a promising solution for applying on the subcomponents of the battery casing based on numerical structural analysis. A lower part weight and cost with fewer assembly processes than the state-of-the-art technology made of aluminum were shown. To further evaluate the manufacturing feasibility of co-molding F-SMC with basic SMC and the resulting hybridization effect on the mechanical properties, the study below has been conducted. The manufacturing feasibility was investigated at an 1800-ton hydraulic press at AZL. Two different F-SMCs with varied weft and warp ratios and different laminate architectures (sandwich structure and one-sided) were considered on a 3D tray-based part, similar to a battery tray. For the variant, F-SMC on one side, it is easy to be over-molded by the basic SMC using the standard compression process parameters. For the sandwich structure, the cavity between the F-SMCs can also be filled. Both layouts present an excellent interface without any significant air voids investigated by optical microscopy. In addition, the mechanical properties were studied under the uniaxial transverse loading on one homemade test cell. Compared with the F-SMC on one side under compression stress, the sandwich structures provide a much more significant reinforcing effect with an average increase in the flexural modulus, flexural strength, and absorbed energy at target deformation by 61.3 %, 78.2 %, and 88.4 %, respectively. The failure modes were microscopically investigated and determined. After the lifetime, the components can be easily recycled with the hybrid SMC's consistent resin and fiber type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While for several decades composites have been manufactured mainly from thermosets, such as epoxy- or polyester-based resins, a clear trend towards using thermoplastic matrix systems has recently emerged. Their reversible melting behavior gives them several advantages, including better recyclability and faster and more easily automated production. Increasing the productivity of thermoplastic composite manufacturing processes requires appropriate, reliable inline quality assurance systems. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), originally developed for biomedical applications, has been proven to be a powerful tool for non-destructive testing and characterization of unidirectional (UD) fiber-reinforced thermoplastic tapes made from glass fibers. Previous offline OCT measurements on a test rig demonstrated the reliability and robustness of the method in detecting visually apparent tape defects, such as gaps and fiber breakages and – one of the most critical bulk defects – insufficiently impregnated fiber regions. In this work, inline OCT measurements were performed on stationary Polycarbonate (PC)/glass fibers (GF) UD tapes in an industrial-scale production line. Systematic experimental analyses were carried out in which the OCT sensor was moved across the tape width, and the influences of (i) single scan sampling rate, (ii) single scan averaging, and (iii) sensor travel speed on measurement accuracy and data size were evaluated. Measurement accuracy was validated using optical microscopy. Optimal sensor settings were derived to improve the inline capability of the measurement approach under real production conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guardrails are common and important elements of the road safety system. Among the semi-rigid roadside barriers, steel w-beam guardrails are dominating, despite being susceptible to corrosion and incurring relatively high costs of maintenance. As an alternative, fiber-reinforced polymer materials, possessing such advantages as resistance to corrosion and fatigue, elastic deformation capacity, and low density, are being considered. Both thermoset and thermoplastic matrix composites have been studied for roadside restraint applications, the latter having the advantage of more ductile deformation response. Replacing the steel with a thermoplastic polymer composite as the guardrail material is likely to bring economic, environmental (e.g. the utilization of recycled plastic), and functional benefits. The aim of the present study was developing of an efficient production technology of E-glass fiber/low density polyethylene (LDPE) guardrail. A laboratory-scale rolling and thermoforming line has been developed allowing continuous feeding of LDPE sheets with glass-fiber yarn reinforcement located between them. In the rolling machine, LDPE sheets are subjected to a short-term heating by hot air blowers causing partial melting of the sheets and penetration of the polymer into the yarns. The in-plane mechanical properties of the composite produced were characterized by tensile and compressive tests along the reinforcement direction, transverse tensile tests, and compact tension tests. Quasi-static validation tests of prototype guardrail elements have been performed to reveal their load-bearing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative impact of weld lines (WLs) on the mechanical behaviour of injection-moulded short-fibre reinforced polymers (SFRPs) could be quite significant. This study aims to investigate the WL strength of polyamide 6 (PA6) reinforced with 50 weight percent (wt%) glass fibre (GF), which is injected into a double-gated plate mould to develop a flowing WL. Tensile tests and rheological measurements showed that the WL in neat PA6 samples can be fully healed. Thus, in the absence of V-notches, the considerable drop in the mechanical properties is primarily due to the unfavourable fibre orientation at the WL region. The fibre orientation distribution at the WL was analysed using the Autodesk Moldflow® simulation as well as the micro-computed X-ray tomography (micro-CT) scans of the part. Moreover, because of the observed disparity between the simulated and experimental filling patterns, composites with varying fibre contents were compounded to investigate the effect of fibre content on the filling pattern by comparing the injection moulding short shots. As it has been reported in the literature that the WL strength could be partially recovered by optimising the injection moulding process parameters, the effects of the packing pressure and melt temperature on the WL strength were also studied. The results indicated that these injection moulding processing parameters have negligible effects on the WL strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical sector, the development of an implantable device with sensing and transmitting capabilities like pressure and temperature has become increasingly crucial. The external receiver of the system can be placed close to and it should be far away from the patient. Implantable device technology is beneficial for the patients in diagnosing serious ailments such as a stroke or cardiac arrest. This research work aims to use a Composite Ground Structure (DGS) for a patch antenna used in biomedical settings. This antenna is fabricated with fibre glass cloth and epoxy resin, and it is ideal for 2.9GHz frequency which lies in the unlicensed band. Furthermore, its design complies with the FCC regulations for this frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the comparison of impact strength of novel hybrid synthetic fibre aluminium mesh reinforced epoxy composite with aluminium mesh epoxy composite without any fibre. Materials and Methods: In this research, synthetic fibre aluminium mesh epoxy composites are fabricated by varying fibres such as carbon, kevlar, glass fibre and no fibre are designated as (CFAML), (KFAML), (GFAML), (AML). The experimental group consists of CFAML, KFAML, GFAML and the control group is AML. The samples per group were 20 and the total number of groups were 4. The Charpy impact method was used to evaluate the impact strength. Result: The mean impact strength for CFAML, KFAML and GFAML composites are 274.95 kJ/m², 248.07 kJ/m² and 133.31 kJ/m² respectively, but for the control group AML the impact strength value is 107.94 kJ/m². The values of impact strength from the ANOVA analysis are significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, it is observed that the addition of different fibre types plays an important role in enhancing the composite's impact strength. The carbon fibre reinforced aluminium mesh epoxy composite has higher impact strength than kevlar and glass fibre composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based upon analyzing and comparing impact strength of hybrid composites reinforced with chromium alloy which is compared with Epoxy resin-chromium alloy laminate.material which was investigated in this particular research was three groups of hybrid composites namely, carbon fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as CfCr, kevlar fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as KfCr, glass fibre reinforced chromium alloy composite which is denoted as GfCr. control group composite is an epoxy polymer reinforced chromium alloy which is denoted as EpCr. The metal used here is chromium alloy metal of grade CrNi60Wti. Totally 20 samples were machined and tested for impact strength under selected parameters. The mean impact strength of the CfCr was found to be 13.200 J, the mean impact strength of KfCr was found to be 10.9450 J, the mean impact strength of Gfcr was found to be 7.9150 J and the mean impact strength of the comparative group EpCr was found to be 7.1800 J. The significance value among the four composites was found to be 0.002 (P<0.05). Within scope of this study, it is derived that overall impact strength and absorption energy of hybrid composite is fairly greater than that of conventional epoxy resin-chromium alloy laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to determine how much of an effect glass fibre has on the compressive strength of M20 concrete. There are two groups in this investigation, and 18 samples have been prepared for each. Group 1 consists of your standard M20 concrete, whereas Group 2 features M20 concrete that has been strengthened with glass fibres. CLINICAL software was used to determine the sample size based on values taken from previously published studies. Several tools and resources were used to get the samples ready for analysis. The independent sample T-test, performed in SPSS version 21, shows that the addition of polymer coating to cured fiber-reinforced M20 grade concrete with GGBS slag (20 percent) significantly raises the concrete's compressive strength. According to the results of the compressive testing machine, the increase in strength is 17.435 percent. Table 6 shows that the significance of these occurrences was 0.034. (p0.05). The M20 grade glass-reinforced concrete had a standard deviation of 1.42683, as shown in table 5. Based on the results of this experiment, it can be said that M20 grade concrete that has been reinforced with glass fibres has higher compressive strength than regular M20 grade concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to determine how much of an effect glass fibre has on the compressive strength of M20 concrete. There are two groups in this investigation, and 18 samples have been prepared for each. Group 1 consists of your standard M20 concrete, whereas Group 2 features M20 concrete that has been strengthened with glass fibres. CLINICAL software was used to determine the sample size based on values taken from previously published studies. Several tools and resources were used to get the samples ready for analysis. The independent sample T-test, performed in SPSS version 21, shows that the addition of polymer coating to cured fiber-reinforced M20 grade concrete with GGBS slag (20 percent) significantly raises the concrete's compressive strength. According to the results of the compressive testing machine, the increase in strength is 17.435 percent. Table 6 shows that the significance of these occurrences was 0.034. (p0.05). The M20 grade glass-reinforced concrete had a standard deviation of 1.42683, as shown in table 5. Based on the results of this experiment, it can be said that M20 grade concrete that has been reinforced with glass fibres has higher compressive strength than regular M20 grade concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight aircraft development involves exploration on the strength of inorganic fiber and a lightweight of polymer resin. Their combination could result in a lightweight-high strength composite. So far the most popular composite in aircraft are carbon fiber reinforcement or glass fiber reinforcement composites. These composite had used epoxy or polyester as matrix. In this study, a urethane acrylate resin (namely Crestapol 1260) and a twill carbon fiber (namely Justus 183-C40-134) was used to make composite. The crestapol is a thermoset resin with a more environmental friendly characteristic than the epoxy. Composite was manufactured through Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) technique. VARI had reported able to lower a porosity content in the composite and better than hand lay-up method. Existence of porosity made composite experiences the composition deviation, but number of the deviation is not clearly reported yet. It is known that a crestapol normally cured at room temperature, but a higher temperature might be better for the curing regarding to its thermoset resin. The composite will be evaluate on density, porosity content, tensile and compressive properties include its failure mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was focused on investigating the additive performance added to composite structures is reviewed the flammability and fire retardant. Two layers of woven jute fabric were used as strengthening of composite epoxy. Vacuum injection moulding was applied for its manufacture. In addition, chemical fire inhibitor additive was added in variations of 5%, 10%, and 15% to trigger flammability and fire retardant of the composites. Immersion of fibres was done in an additive added process as time long as 2h. Fire testing was conducted on the burning chamber 5 times repeating for each variation of sample. The results explained that composite epoxy consisting of jute fibres reinforced (JFC) has more flammability than glass fibres reinforced (GFC). Meanwhile, increasing the additive added number improved retardant and reduced their flammability. Furthermore, additives added to the composites reduced effectively the low heating value (LHV), which it is means the emission of composites is safe for the environment. It is concluded that chemical fire inhibitor additives contributed positively to improving and reducing the retardant and flammability of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative tests of glass and glass-basalt-plastic samples were carried out and quantitative values of the characteristics of strength, rigidity and durability were obtained. The glass and glass-basalt plastic samples differed in their technological manufacturing parameters, namely: filler nomenclature (samples made of glass fiber and samples made of glass-basalt fiber), winding modes (amount of filler to the total volume of content). The diagnostic results showed that the ratio of loads at which the samples have the same durability indicates the advantage of glass-basalt-plastic samples. This characteristic allows us to judge the load-bearing capacity of the sample. The purpose of this work was to determine the ring stiffness, strength and durability under loading conditions similar to the operation of a geophysical probe in an aggressive environment (temperatures up to 150°C, hydrogen sulfide up to 0.1%, hydrochloric acid up to 10%, cyclic dynamic axial loads, bending moment, high external pressure (up to 100 MPa). As a result of studying the loading process, the following results were obtained: the superiority of the strength characteristics of samples made of glass basalt fiber over samples made of glass was confirmed; the sample loading program has been adjusted to minimize the influence of residual deformations on the maximum force value; a hybrid material – glass-basalt plastic – was proposed as an alternative to glass, capable of maintaining load-bearing characteristics in the aggressive operating conditions of a geophysical probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]