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The use of solar air heaters is efficient as solar energy is converted into thermal energy, which then is transferred to a fluid in order to be used for heating. Solar energy is collected at the surface of the absorber plate, transformed into thermal energy, and then used. It has been determined that the low effectiveness of the flat plate SAH is caused by a low convective HT coefficient. Increasing the effectiveness of the SAH by including roughened components on the bottom of the absorbing area is the strategy that has shown to be both the most popular and the most successful. An increase in the radiation intensity that is received by the absorber plate as well as an efficient removal of heat contribute to an increase in the SAH's thermal performance. The findings of the experiments conducted for this study reveal that the HT of the absorber plate can be amended by intentionally roughening the side of the plate that faces the air flow. HT coefficient and thermal efficiency properties of SAHs were tested in the field using artificial roughness created in the form of discrete double arc reversal on the plate. The parameters employed were W/H = 8, p/e = 10, e/Dh = 0.027, α = 60°, and Re = 2975-13739. In addition, the solar radiation intensities during the outdoor test ranged from 860 W/m2 to 895 W/m2 and lasted from eleven in the morning (just before noon) until two in the afternoon. Thermal efficiency and coefficient of HT across the smooth duct were increased by 1.16 and 2.8 times respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind turbine is an alternative way of generating energy from the power available in wind. Efficient extraction of energy is the prime importance that depends on the design of the blade. Wind turbine blades undergo various environmental conditions as well as high operational loads. In this work firstly an accurate CAD model is prepared for new optimized blade geometry and then structural integrity verification is performed through FEA under several operating conditions. The blade is designed with the objective of achieving maximum power coefficient at the designed TSR = 7.05 by applying the BEMT. The blade is made by using an airfoil from N.A.C.A. 65(4)-221. A 14m blade is taken for this purpose. A large HAWT, RRB V27-225 kW is taken for study. Two different blade materials E-glass-fibre and carbon-fibre were taken for study. Two cases were discussed, first with shear web and second without shear web. Results show better structural strength for the material carbon-fibre containing shear web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-biodegradable packaging has a significant negative effect on the environment, so scientists have been working to create biodegradable packaging materials (BPM) with advanced features to ensure the safe and high-quality transportation of various goods while minimizing damage to the environment. The replacement of petroleum-based plastics with biodegradable polymer-based composite packaging is a current topic of discussion. This is because packaging made from petroleum is extremely harmful to the ecosystem. The mechanical characteristics of bioresource-based biodegradable polymer films are still low, and using two or three bio-resource components as polymer hybrids is necessary. Flexible, strong, heat- and environmental-resistant, and more, this film hybrid polymer offers many potential uses and applications in packaging and product design. The features of the biodegradable, as well as its potential for future development, along with the use of biomass sources as a matrix and filler in hybrid polymer-based packaging. In this context, the present review describes polymer-based packaging materials, biodegradable film, and nanocomposites as packaging materials. These eco-friendly, biodegradable hybrid polymer films are the result of extensive research into polymers and composites based on biodegradable film as packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, nanotechnology generates a significant amount of interest among researchers because of the vast array of applications it provides for addressing various aspects of the eco-system. Additionally, it enables researchers to traverse the boundaries of a more specialized area of study than an already well-established one. It is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the production and manipulation of nanoscale materials via scaling down the particle size scale from micrometers to nanometers (1–100 nm). They provide excellent options in the fields of health, industry, and medicine as they present a new vision for the treatment of medical conditions thanks to the fact that the particle size may be reduced, which gives them a distinct prospective characteristic. Researchers continue to be interested in finding new uses for metal nanoparticles (NPs) as the field of nanotechnology advances since these particles display distinctive properties. The public is interested in several different types of metal nanoparticles, including silver NPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are versatile materials that have many potential applications. Some examples include spectrally selective coatings for solar energy absorption, intercalation material for electrical batteries, optical receptors, catalysts in chemical processes, and so on. Lots of studies have focused on silver nanoparticles because of their potential biological applications, such as their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Recent developments and trends in the field of AgNPs for use in biomedical applications are the main focus of this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of a solar air heater (SAH) can be enhanced by applying ribs on the absorbing surface. To measure the heat transfer (HT) rate, and friction factor (fr) the ribbed solar heater is designed with combination of square and triangular ribs. To improve the performance of SAH, the findings of comparative research of smooth and rough SAH are presented in this article. In this research work a computational study of HT enhancement and fluid flow (FF) behaviors of a SAH having proposed ribs arranged in a different fashion are presented. The details of HT and FF behaviors due to periodic ribs have been analyzed using CFD. The analysis was performed with the V2f model in ANSYS 16 software. Present computational investigation was done for different P/e values and Re ranging from 3800 to 18,000. The result showed that the proposed rib with lower pitch gives the highest Nur at Re=18,000. A correlation for the Nur is also formed in this research article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's population is growing, the demand of drinkable water is increasing, especially in developing coutries. Life on Earth would not be possible without the water that sustains all of its other essential needs. Solar energy plays vital role for many applications such as cooking, water heating, drying of agricultural products, water distillation etc. In this study, improved sun-oriented stills with black paint coated with hybrid nanomaterial are compared without using nanomaterial with black paint. The solar still's absorber plate and walls are coated with a commercial black paint that contains the hybrid nanomaterial. Coated absorbers are used in the solar still, which makes use of reduced grapheme oxide/Cupric oxide nanoparticles. The characterization of graphene/cupric oxide with black paint coating was done to analyse the performance of the solar still. It was identified and analysed the areas of the solar-powered stills where energy was lost. The modified solar stills have faster dissipation and higher exergy compared to regular ones. As a result, the modified still has higher exergy and energy efficiency than older models. Additionally, a brief discussion of the influence of various limits on the efficacy of sunlight-based stills is also introduced. Reduced graphene and cupric oxide/water blends have a daily energy productivity of 44.18%, whereas the old-style has just 30.17% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels are depleting at a significantly higher rate, global warming reaching its new high and entire ecosystem suffering from air pollution. Biodiesel has emerged as potential substitute of diesel fuel that can be operated in a conventional diesel engine without any sort of major modification and provides comparable performance and lower emissions. One of the cumbersome tasks is to find the optimum blend of diesel-biodiesel and engine operating parameters. In this regard, many optimization and simulation methods have been used to optimize the biodiesel percentage in blend and engine operating parameters, which gives maximum power output and minimum emissions. There are several optimization techniques such as Genetic algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Grey relational analysis, Response surface methodology, Taguchi, artificial neural network, VIKOR and TOPSIS, which have been employed to optimize the working of a diesel engine run on biodiesel blends. In this research paper, the various optimization methods that have been used in a diesel engine for predicting & optimizing the several output parameters of the input model and ranking them accordingly are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ground air heat exchanger (GAHE) system is an energy-efficient system for building cooling and heating. To ensure the economic feasibility of the GAHE system, it is assumed in this research that the excavated trench can be partly filled (around the GAHE pipe) with a BFM having excellent thermal qualities. The study compares and contrasts the thermal efficiency of the GAHE system using three different pipe configurations: straight, U-shaped, and helical. To examine the effect of backfilling materials (i.e., secondary soil around the GAHE pipes), a CFD model of the GAHE system with backfilling material has been constructed. After testing the GAHE system with four different backfilling materials, we learned that temperature changes in the air throughout the pipe's length should be considered when assessing the system's efficiency. However, in the case of a basic pipe, the measured outlet temperature is 28.28 ° Celsius, while in the case of a U-shaped pipe, the recorded outlet temperature is 30.74 °Celsius, and in the case of a helical pipe, the measured outlet temperature is 27.77 °Celsius. According to the findings of the investigation, the helical pipe exhibited the highest level of thermal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]