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One of the things that help develop architecture and spaces that are characterized by cohesion and attractiveness to people and leave positive effects on them is knowing the impact of architecture on a person, his perception, and his experience in a place. In order to learn more about how buildings affect people and the sensory impressions and emotions they leave behind, the study presents the University of Baghdad as a case study which is one of the most prominent universities in Iraq to explore the impact of building facades on people's sensory experiences. Specifically, the researchers plan to use eye-tracking simulations to analyze building facades at the University of Baghdad and survey individuals who occupy the campus to collect information about their sensory response to these facades. The ultimate goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the relationship between building facades and the sensory experiences they evoke in people. This pilot study demonstrates the power of a single biometric tool, the eye tracker, with a 3M VAS artificial intelligence software to rapidly detect building geometries that have been found to implicitly accommodate human inclinations in gathering people around their buildings. The results showed a strong relationship between the percentages recorded in the visual attention and eye-tracking program and the positive sensory responses shown by the results of the questionnaire, which included feelings of safety, arousal and visual pleasure, satisfaction and gratitude, Cheerfulness, attractiveness, and spatial affiliation. The three facades showed positive proportions of feelings and sensory responses, especially those that were characterized by complexity, coherence, and uniqueness in their design. Moreover, facades that contain traditional or heritage architectural details and elements, such as arches and solar panels, represent a mental link in the memory of campus users and recipients of these facades and visual stimuli. The novelty and significance of this article lie in its use of eye-tracking biometric tools to investigate visual behavior, an approach that is not yet widely used in the field of architecture. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the visual behavior of viewers toward the facades of nearby university buildings using a 3M VAS eye-tracking tool. Through this analysis, the study provides important insights into how individuals perceive and react to the visual cues presented by buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brand represents the identity of its producing company that distinguishes it from others and expresses the confidence and preference of customers and consumers for the company's commercial products significantly. Any commercial company has a tangible-built environment and spaces for dealing and marketing. Thus, the research focuses on how architectural designers invest the brand identity (as a competitive identity for any product) in order to create the architectural space of the brand in a way that enhances the experiences of the internal environment to achieve distinctive purchase experiences and create a situation of association and interaction for optimizing the brand to make it out of competition with another one. Accordingly, Research goal was determined by presenting a theoretical framework for the design determinants of brand space with applied indicators that can be considered as a plan of action for architects that ensures the effectiveness of the brand based on a clear methodology to reach the final conclusions, which emphasize the importance of the architect's role in creating integrated environments at physical and digital levels and investing them as sensual attraction factors supported with social atmosphere influences to reflect the brand's value and identity in order to increase engagement and interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban environment at this stage is a complex multi-faceted formation. It is important to consider its significant characteristics not only from the point of view of functional comfort, but also as a synthesizing aesthetic principle determined by semantic content. The problem of the study is the decrease in the aesthetic and informational qualities of the modern urban environment because of the loss of the semantic factor of constantly changing architectural structures, which is the basis of the modern aesthetic category 'interesting'. The concept of 'interesting' is considered as a complex evaluation category that enriches the aesthetic and informational criteria of architectural spaces. The aim of the work is to identify in the urban environment the structural features of 'interesting' as an aesthetic and informational principle, analyzing the historical fragment of the city of Kharkiv as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the second year in a row, the fear of transmitting the virus changes the distance between people, occasionally closing offices, schools, restaurants, cultural events, office buildings and transportation centers, and restricting access to common areas. As the result of the rapid spreading of the virus, new spatial zoning rules that reduce the circumstances in which the disease can spread have been introduced. It is important for the architect to quickly, but consciously, make adjustments to the norms of zoning private and public spaces, adapting to the current situation so as not to disrupt the concentration on different processes and their interaction in one private space. Thus, the task of searching follows - what a person needs in his personal living space under quarantine conditions, at a time when access to familiar daily places is limited. The article reveals the question that a person's own housing should now replace offices, gyms, health procedures, places of communication and meeting people, as well as other places of earnings, leisure and the development of personal qualities. The article addresses the issues of changes in the daily routine of people due to restrictions that affect changes in the typology of housing today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the matter of human need for theatricalization of architectural environment, in particular the sacred space. The analysis of common and distinctive features between theater and architecture, between theatrical space and architectural space, between play in theater and play in architectural space has been made. The article analyzes the use of traditional historical and modernist forms in the formation and dramatization of sacred space. The main examples of world architecture in which in one way or another theatrical techniques are used are presented. Some examples of sacred architecture of the modern era with the use of theatrical techniques are represented. The phenomenon of perception in certain visible figures of objects is an expression of a more general situation, an expression of a certain type of views or collective beliefs. Theatricalizations of traditional forms in modernist architecture are considered, which at the same time are not a complete rejection of modernist preferences, but also an attempt to reinterpret the geometry of traditional historical forms. The combination of the national landscape, local specifics of the author's vision and European established traditional forms of sacred space is presented. The contradictions in the perception of the traditional sacred space and the reading of the symbolism of its content, which is transmitted through the elements of dramatization, are considered. An attempt is also made to adapt the principles of modernism to the needs of the formation of a sacred space, in which, after the suspension of historical knowledge, the essence of the phenomenon under study is sought. Religion, art, science, language are presented as forms of human thinking about reality with forms of epistemologically understandable symbol. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages that are transmitted through them in the formation and dramatization of sacred space. Symbols pointing out not certain sacred reality, but certain intellectual tendencies, social situations or expressions of culture are singled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of romanticism in European architecture is one of the least studied in architectural theory. The "symbolism" of the architectural language is one of the fundamental qualities of the architecture of romanticism. It was during the period of romanticism that the term "speaking architecture" first appeared and the first ideas about the architectural language were formed. The article is devoted to the consideration of the semantic field of the architecture of romanticism and is based on the semiotic representation of architecture as a linguistic structure. Architecture is seen as a text in which links are established between symbolic form and its meaning. The authors propose a research model in which the architectural form is presented in the form of a three-part structure, including morphological, semantic and phenomenological components of the form. The hypothesis is put forward that the artistic language of the architecture of the Romantic era manifested itself in a specific palette of meanings and senses. The study is based on identifying the main semantic aspects in the semantic space of the architecture of romanticism: stylistic, spatio-temporal, functional, constructive-technological, mytho-poetic, compositional-syntactic. The applied classification allows us to consider the architecture of the Romantic era in all the richness and originality of its content characteristics. The architecture of romanticism is characterized by narrativeness, expressiveness, entertainment, symbolism. The study examines such important characteristics of the architectural language of romanticism as metaphor, irony, paradox, sublime rhetoric of architectural texts. The territorial boundaries of the study are limited by the architecture of France, England, Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days, free space optics (FSO) is one of the emerging technologies in the field of communication which has seen gigantic interest and vast evolution among the researchers. It can be seen as the replacement for the conventional radio frequency communication due to its various advantages of unlicensed band, security, speed as well as the bandwidth. In order to receive high bandwidth it has emerged as a promising technology in today's era. As in case of FSO transmission is done by using optical sources i.e. laser but rather than enclosing data into fibre cable the signal is transmitted via air. In this paper, we mainly contribute towards the general architecture of free space optics network. How data gets transmitted from one point to another while undergoing various attenuation and degradation in the signal because of atmospheric hindrances like snow, rain, fog etc. The main consideration in this paper is towards the high data rate requirement towards the end users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy efficiency of buildings is based on the reduction of high energy demands, especially in the face of weather variations that require the supply of climate control, contributing to the excessive use of energy. To achieve energy savings, strategies are devised with criteria of almost zero energy buildings, passive or based on sustainable evaluations, where the current regulations or assessment criteria propose better solutions in terms of sustainability in buildings. In context with the above, the energy flexibility of single-family houses is proposed with the adaptation of heating floors as a methodological contribution in the construction area, through renewable energies, in order to optimize energy consumption, reduce carbon emissions, improve comfort and thermal wellbeing. The research shows the characteristics of a system for the placement of climate control heating floors through performance tests, which relate energy savings with the efficiency of the system to mitigate the high energy consumption. These simulations define the behavior of a house in different conditions through the use of BIM technology to represent the best energy efficiency; this, through a relational experimental research, where data were obtained from the energy savings based on the efficiency of the radiant floor system, to identify the optimal system for the placement of climate control heating floors in single-family houses, depending on the areas delimited in the architectural spaces and the materiality of the modeled system, of three specific points of the province of Cañar-Ecuador. With the MIDUVI social housing typology as the basis for the modeling, the spaces maintain their distribution and 7 circuits of the simulated radiant floor systems are formed. Among the parameters that characterize these systems as they produce greater variation in the reduction of resources or energy demand are the layout, the separation and therefore the length of the pipes. These systems are adapted to the use of a reversible heat pump, air - water, whose higher power according to the heating or cooling conditions will be generated by photovoltaic modules located on the roof of the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typological, constructional, engineering, and especially space and mass architectural innovations laid the foundations of a new direction in the area of sacral architecture besides others. Still within the long 19th century, the influences of subsiding historicism and emerging modernism met the peak of innovative impulses in the era of functionalism. Beginning in the 1930s in Slovakia, then a part of interwar Czechoslovakia, we can observe a reflection of innovations especially in the architecture of Evangelical churches. Their creators introduced remarkable layout and operational solutions that came from the innovation in traditional central and basilic schemes. Evangelicalism brings into architecture the innovation of tradition as well as entirely new spatial concepts, style and use of new constructions, materials, and construction technology including modern technical equipment of sacral spaces. We present the aforementioned innovations in the architecture of Evangelical churches during the era of modernism and functionalism in Slovakia using examples of selected buildings from the south-west of Slovakia – the Evangelical church in Prievoz in Bratislava, the church in Pliešovce, the New Evangelical church in Bratislava and its variations (Pukanec, Veľký Grob, and Ladzany), Evangelical churches in Grinava, Senec, Nesvady, and Trnava. Each of the selected buildings represents a unique approach to creating a sacral space and by means of their creators reflects innovative trends. In this way the contribution maps regional differences in the architecture of the buildings, spatial concepts, or the rate of usage of new construction practices, materials, and technologies in sacral architecture. We also pay adequate attention to the individual architects and builders or building companies that were the main bearers of architectural innovations and new ideas. Architects Michal Milan Harminc, Emil Belluš, Josef Marek and others were ones one important Czechoslovak interwar architectural scene figures. The first two, Harminc and Belluš, are ones of the doyens of Slovak architecture. We qualify their contribution to the formation of sacral architecture of Evangelicals in Slovakia as extraordinary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An urban regeneration program must mitigate both the architecture's spatial vision and the socio-economical strategies. From an architectural perspective, its implementation must not be scale-dependent, but rather it should be dependent on the overall unity of space. Public spaces, as key elements in expressing the image of a city, can be seen as tools for measuring the overall urban comfort and for enhancing the urban living conditions. Over time, public spaces incorporated and adapted different meanings to its spatial form. In this sense, the purpose of the research is to define the major characteristics for designing resilient public spaces. Therefore, the principal result of the paper points out the link between social dynamics in urban life and the psycho-sensorial impact of space over people's behavior. In this sense, one relevant conclusion depicts the correlation between urban morphology and social dynamics. Furthermore, the study initiates a discussion on urban voids in a city's spatial fabric. Relevant for understanding the importance, and thus defining a mechanism of classifying urban voids in a city's fabric would be the public-private gradient analysis undertaken on void spaces. With this respect, a duality between "my public square" and "my private garden" is being defined. Another breakthrough in the process of spatial investigation would be the analysis of spatial voids through Gestalt analysis, thus correlating the morphological form with social dynamics. In this manner, the road is paved for a more resilient adaptation of spatial voids to different socio-economical ideas. To sum up, by understanding the triad defined by: Spatial design patterns – Contemporary tendencies in architecture – Implications of social dynamics on the act of "deforming and defining" the architectural space, the study concludes its major directions for analyzing and designing voids in a more resilient manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancements have altered nearly every aspect of individuals' existence and operation in society. When technologies develop, architecture evolves as well: the architectural techniques change, as does the architectural outcome. The digital revolution reflected on architecture, as did other scientific and life fields. Its impact on the work and architectural space was evident. The architectural production became not limited to designing in traditional ways and directing it as computer drawings. Still, it went beyond that, as the designs produced became the product of an intelligent design process directly influenced by the digital community in general. Architectural space has gone through many developments throughout history influenced by technology and building techniques on the one hand and by functional and environmental issues and human factors on the other hand. The architectural space appeared in the form of a living being that grows over time and is influenced by all the variables of the times and expresses the personality of its inhabitants. If the architect determines space and its composition according to human needs, it is also influenced by the imagination of architecture and its vision of freedom. Therefore, the problem of research was determined by "the lack of a clear vision of the development of architectural space and how it is affected by the digital revolution," where the research aims to identify indicators of the development of architectural space in light of digital development and how architectural thought deals with the changes brought about by information technology, and how it was expressed in the form of areas that meet the needs of users, which in turn changed in terms of sensory needs or physical needs. The research thus assumed "the existence of mechanisms, strategies, levels, and degrees of digital use within the process of designing architectural and urban space to generate digital space," and to achieve this will begin to learn about the evolution of space and what it is over time with a quick presentation of the most prominent developments in the architectural and urban space, especially in the recent years, to a final formulation of the characteristics of knowledge of digital areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of temporary ephemeralization appears in the ability of technological progress to do more and more with less and less, as voids and spaces are the fundamental components used during the design phase for ephemeral exhibitions, as the change in shape, proportions and aesthetic dimensions leads to the formation of architectural production with less effort, time, energy and higher efficiency and with the introduction of space as an element Formative and aesthetic for exhibitions that raised astonishment for the recipient and left behind a societal memory and new creative ideas, as knowledge spaces are linked to perception and are used to produce a variety of visual effects. For the void, and thus crystallized the research problem represented by (the cognitive deficiency about building the ephemeralization void for exhibitions in the formation of the ephemeral exhibition architecture). The aim of the research was to reveal the effect of using the architectural space as a formative element in the ephemeral exhibitions and to reveal the features and characteristics of the achieved spatial construction, which the research adopted the analytical descriptive research method in presenting in developing the theoretical knowledge extracted from previous studies in building the theoretical framework describing ephemeralization and the void and composed of the main vocabulary represented by: (ephemeralization and void, ephemeralization and display in the void, spatial organization of the ephemeralization void) and its application on international and Arab models of architecture with a high level of quality scale aimed at knowing the impact of vocabulary based on the chosen samples and verifying the main research hypothesis which states that (ephemeralization is achieved by reducing the effort, time and costs necessary for construction and use Low-cost materials, which helps to cover large spaces through the establishment of huge exhibitions whose activities are during a certain period). Design wings are ephemeral to Investigate concepts using a minimally design process with a time limit Economic cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space beneath the flyovers in Dhaka has already been occupied with an informal economic activity, just like other traditional street usages in Dhaka. These organically formed, off-the-grid activities should be an integrated part of our planned urbanization activity. Evicting street vendors from the streets overnight is not a feasible alternative. The City Authority has continually failed in its quest over the decades. The visible conflict between the street vendors and the rest of the city authority has become classic. We need to establish a win-win arrangement for both parties. Through theory and practice, we must attempt to comprehend the issue. This paper aims to understand the informal activity placed space beneath flyover theoretically. On the contrary, Flyovers can be found throughout Dhaka, and providing architectural solutions for specific sites requires a long period. Hence, this research will explore the scope of module design as a prospective solution to accommodate the module design. Maybe a probable solution to shape the informal activity gathered in the space beneath flyover into organized arrangements. The research will follow a case study-based method and a qualitative inquiry. The research will study several flyovers in Dhaka and their informal activity. Finally, the paper aims to develop an architectural module design framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ornamentation contributes greatly to the aesthetics of architecture as It also helps in organizing the architectural form and enables it to be read. In its relation to architecture, in addition to its aesthetic purposes, the ornamentation in Islamic architecture helps in translating the architectural space. It changes the appearance of the building material and hides the structural elements; it covers the entire architectural surface in order to dissolve the mass of the building and hate the void which is an opportunity for the appearance of the ornament form without having a formative value in and of itself. Islamic architecture was characterized by the richness of ornaments formations in their various forms such as geometric and floral patterns and Calligraphy ornamentation, which reveal the characteristics of Islamic art and confirm that it is the most developed of the arts. This research aims to study the aesthetic values of the ornament units for some of buildings in the Abbasid architecture through the study and analysis of the ornament's samples of some its buildings. Thus, the research problem was summarized by the lack of studies related to the study of the aesthetic values of Islamic ornamentations in Abbasid architecture. So the aim of the research is to study the aesthetic values of ornamentations in Abbasid architecture, the research relied on the descriptive and analytical approach of selected buildings from the Islamic architecture of the Abbasid period to reach the aim of the research in building a theoretical framework, then applying this framework in the practical aspect, the most important results of the research is (The Islamic ornamentation was distinguished, despite the different time periods of the selected models in this research, as having the same aesthetic values that earned Islamic architecture its identity through the ages). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior, adaptation and response are considered of the characteristics of living organisms, and for architecture it is a structural, physical and functional construction. To achieve adaptation and change in the built environment is not easy, as the challenge comes from the manner we build and the hierarchical nature of the design process. As such the general problem of research in (the whole lack of knowledge of the effect of smart materials in the adaptive space within the building), and with a research problem represented by (the knowledge deficiency about a method that shows the impact of the nature of smart materials in construction to get an adaptive architectural space within the building), in order to reach the objective of the research in (making a theoretical framework on the concepts of adaptive space and the smart materials used in it to reach an adaptive space that reduces energy consumption and environmental pollution and adapts with it), as the research assumed that (the possibility of obtaining a smart adaptive space by reducing energy consumption and the continuity of building life is enhanced through the use of smart materials and their mechanisms in the construction of the building), which means that the research design plan is made using a selected example and the use of analysis it to test the research hypothesis and reach the final conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the storytelling of modern architectural structures in Ukraine. Pictures and photographs are shown, supplemented with diagrams, routes, special labels with text that describes the history of the building. The authors found that the storytelling of modern architectural structures can also be oral, if we are talking about the stories of tour guides, there is already a tendency in the Ukrainian media space to develop 3D tours on sites of tourist attractions to attract and familiarize visitors. It has been proven that the storytelling of modern architectural structures is needed for society as a way to organize virtual space. This can be done in books, movies, video games. Architectural structures in the virtual world can be used to create a unique atmosphere and act as a location for the actions of heroes. It was found that the study of architectural structures and their study can be interesting both for the current generation and for subsequent generations, and the storytelling of architectural structures is necessary for understanding modernity. Today, architectural manifestations are global and pluralistic, while the search for progressive methods and solutions plays an important role. World architectural experience demonstrates unusual buildings and structures, showing that space in a city can be functional and at the same time aesthetic, therefore Ukraine also strives for new trends. It was found that over the past decades, the public has paid more attention to the space around, and understanding of the importance of the appearance and quality of the living environment comes, especially architectural objects. In addition, architectural storytelling is important as an occasion for communication and information exchange. Users of social networks, traveling, take photos against the background of various architectural structures - business cards of cities, both ancient architectural buildings and new, modern ones. They post photos on social networks, write text, put hashtags, thus spreading information, receive like-bikes and comments. Apart from comfort and aesthetics, architects try to put a certain philosophical meaning into the look of their architectural projects. The authors have proven that architecture is already an art of philosophical manifestation, and its visual storytelling of modern architectural structures is a reflection of the level of development of the nation, namely Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective warehousing system is a warehousing system that utilizes storage space effectively to increase space utilization and minimize material handling costs. One way to increase the effectiveness of the warehouse is to improve the layout of the placement of goods. Improvements in the layout can minimize the distance of movement and provide convenience in the retrieval of goods. PT XYZ is a textile company with a production capacity of 1,000,000 m2 of fabric per month. From the observations, it is known that the placements of materials in the warehouse are still not optimal. This can be seen from the analysis result which shows that materials that have a high frequency of movement are placed far from the warehouse exit so that a high material handling distance is required. This study aims to reduce the distance of the current material transfer and proposed a new-more optimal warehouse layout by considering the distance of material movement. Based on the Class-Based Storage Approach, the products are divided into three namely: Class A, fast-moving, with the percentage of displacement frequency 58.78%; Class B, medium moving, with the percentage of displacement frequency 33.59%; and Class C, a slow-moving, with the percentage of displacement frequency 7.63%. The total material transfer distance based on the current warehouse layout is 48,646.71 m, while the total material transfer distance obtained from the proposed warehouse layout is 22,947.91 m. The research shows that with the proposed warehouse layout, the material transfer distances can be minimized so that the new warehouse layout is more optimal than the existing layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to achieve the visual meaning of Lamin communal space in the aspects of architectural shape, texture, color, place, and orientation, providing the true meaning of the visual form of the communal space. The method used in this study is the qualitative and narrative approach of the observation and literature review on Lamin located in Pampang Village, Samarinda. The time of conducting the research from February to April 2020 (3 months) The study shows the existing condition of communal space in Lamin is multi-functional, where the shape of communal space is rectangular (dadoq), the texture is consistent with the authenticity of the material which is ulin wood, the color comes from the natural color of nature, the building oriented on the upstream and downstream of the rivers, and the place of the communal space is in front of the belawing. The connotative meaning contained in visual elements includes the concept of a close relationship between humans and nature, humans and humans, and humans with the supernatural realm. Efforts to explore visual meanings are a way of improving the quality of the building environment as well as balancing the functions of the communal space as a unifier for society. The concept can enrich science in modern architecture, especially architectural sociology and psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential architecture is the first and most difficult way of making architecture. Apart from being one of the most urgent needs in people's lives, it also represents one of the most legitimate aspirations of human beings, whatever their social condition. Housing is the greatest exponent of architecture; it means working with human beings and their needs. The nature of our dwelling, regardless of the type of culture and time period, conveys an undistorted vision of the human condition. In that sense, housing has always shaped the quality of human life. A good dwelling is one in which we can live well. Its essential quality is that of being livable. Since domestic dwelling cohabits mainly with private life, the value of housing lies primarily in its capacity to convey the feeling of shelter / protection and of a discrete relationship between the 'interior' spaces themselves; its architectural value lies in the capacity that the spaces themselves have to express, through their form, this relationship. The house problematic is wide and complex, it requires technical, artistic and functional knowledge, and a clear vision of the new values and social needs of our time – new means to improve people's lives. The present document aims to clarify the following concepts and the gradual relationship between them – the house, the collective dwelling and the city. To this end, a first approach will be made to the relationship between the concept of house, home and the inhabitant, and subsequently, a progressive passage to collective living and its interaction with the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to highlight the features of the design and determine the new functions of cultural institutions in the context of decentralization on the example of rural settlements in the Western region of Ukraine. To achieve this goal, theoretical and empirical research methods are used (scientometric method, analysis of domestic experience in designing and building cultural institutions based on literature sources and design materials, on-site survey of rural clubs), comparative analysis, classification and generalization. Studies conducted in the villages of the Western region of Ukraine showed that the centers of popularization and preservation of traditional culture and folk customs in the village are clubs or houses of culture. In the process of decentralization, each newly created community has the opportunity to implement its functions in the field of culture and is obliged to maintain. Most of them are in disrepair and need al sorts of repairs, modernization and reconstruction. Researchers have shown that there have been changes in the cultural and artistic life of communities that have an impact on the preservation and promotion of traditional culture. And the change of directions and type of activity of cultural institutions need to be reformatted according to the needs of local residents, reorganized and transformed. Festivals, competitions, creative exhibitions, folk and religious holidays in the united territorial communities are celebrated in a new way: bright actions, photo and video recording of events, a large number of invited guests and organizational training. Communities seek out their identities and develop concepts for cultural service centers. Accordingly, rural cultural institutions have received new functions, and new functional zones have appeared in their structure. All this determines features of the architecture of the rural center of cultural services. Architectural and planning is the organization of the auditorium, stage and ancillary facilities; circle-studio zone with interactive equipment; areas for folk and religious celebrations, festivals, fairs; areas of the National Museum and exhibitions of works of fine and decorative arts. Architectural environment design: adherence to the principles of safe, energy-saving environment; principles of space composition, color scheme, lighting, landscaping; use of traditional building materials and elements of folk architecture. The topic of the study remains relevant, as in the context of decentralization residents of communities should receive the most useful cultural services, which should be reflected in the organization of architectural and planning decisions of cultural institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a typological analysis of a shopping mall located in a contemporary urban space, in the city of Lisbon. In the shopping mall there is a strong relationship between architecture and consumption. The social dynamics of consumption stems from an underlying anthropological natural propensity: the search for happiness. Through the satisfaction of needs that the Being has an accurate perception of well-being, it is measurable by the possession and accumulation of objects. In architecture, the aesthetic pleasure of enjoying the space stems from the signs identified from the individual experience. In this sense, images are explored that evoke comfort, stimulate memories, real or imagined. The objective of this work is to identify the relationship between the pleasure of consumption and architecture of the shopping mall. This will be verified through the relationship established from the essential elements that structure and organize the architectural space and articulate it with the characteristics of the communication and the environments that involve the exhibition of the products. The method used is the analysis grid, which is defined based on a set of concepts that define the theoretical basis for typological analysis, particularly: 'geometry and morphology', 'light and space', 'composition and formal expression - interior image and exterior image' and 'functional structuring'. This analysis seeks to identify the qualities of the shopping mall, the morphology, concerning the measures and dimensions established in the logic of its purpose, in the context of postmodernity, where culture and mass media are present. And in this way, describe the function and purpose of the architectural space, the geometry, as well as the concepts of mass, surface, extent, and paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture is a universal phenomenon and is a culture-creating field closely related to other fields of art. Hence, experiencing and feeling identity are also conditioned by the proper formation of architectural objects, which are carriers specific values which co-decide about the possibility of this experience occurring in connection with a specific place and the fulfilment of a specific need in it. In the era of ubiquitous thoughtless consumption and common avoidance of the written word, objects belonging to the material culture that architecture co-creates become essential objects in the process of conveying ideas and specific content. Belonging to a place, cultural group, community or regional community is reflected in consciously designed spatial forms. However, in order to ensure this awareness, the above-mentioned issues should be included in the general education as part of expanding knowledge about regional planning, but also the knowledge of regional architectural forms and settlement systems. The Pomeranian home experience can be related to two contrasting situations. First of all - a former Kashubian village with its regional buildings, where the house was a wooden Kashubian cottage. This architecture, arising from local conditions and culturally embedded in the consciousness of Kashubians, strengthened the sense of identification with the inhabited region and a specific place. Secondly - a contemporary Pomeranian housing estate, built up with multi-frame, prefabricated blocks. It seems that this type of development, devoid of cultural roots in regional traditions, impoverishes personal identification with the inhabited building / apartment. The space of housing estates, as well as neglected buildings in some villages await revalorization. A lost identity can be searched for by caring for valuable housing based on knowledge of architecture and regional settlement. The authors will present a publication made as part of the project entitled "ZASPA: house in a block of flats. The spaces of architecture. " In line with its assumptions, the issue of the residence of inmates in the region was raised. The book entitled "Block and hut: wandering" is an educational material for children from higher grades of primary schools. It provides knowledge about the regional form of the Kashubian house and settlement forms typical of the area. At the same time, contemporary settlement forms are shown - housing estates with blocks of flats that fill them as the houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A child's perception is significantly different from that of an adult. His attention is directed to other areas of architecture and space, not only due to physical conditions, but also due to the level of mental and emotional development. In connection with the development of science, more and more diseases and developmental disorders are also recognizable in high-functioning children. One of them is Asperger's Syndrome, which allows the child to function in a typical primary school, but is an obstacle for him and his environment. Children with Asperger's Syndrome are distinguished by their behaviour in the architectural space. Their motor coordination can be impaired or simply different from most children. Sensory disturbances can hinder learning, concentration and even affect their perception in the peer group. Designing architecture should be tailored to its users, hence the knowledge of the perception of the recipient should be particularly important for the designer. Designing educational space, or areas of educational space it is particularly important because the child has specific goals to achieve there, significant time of his childhood is spent there, and the future adult is shaped to a large extent there. Due to dynamically developing teaching methods, development of science in this area, changing expectations of parents and legal conditions, architecture should also evolve so that it can be one of the factors supporting the development and education of a young person. The article will analyze the perception of space and form of a child with Asperger's syndrome, determine its spatial needs and compare them with the needs of children without developmental disorders. The presented results of the analyzes will allow to define the field of common and different spatial conditions. The research is aimed at determining whether it is justifiable to apply the idea of Universal Architecture in the design of educational space, that is, answer the question "is designing for the most demanding user in the educational space also beneficial for others". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After around 80 years, when a SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) equipped human is able to explore the underwater world, it has turned out that there is a new area of creative possibilities. A huge number of people dive in different places. The most obvious are natural places such as seas or lakes. Among other directions of diving activity there are also disused open-air mines flooded with water. It is clear that there are not the same number of natural attractions. The management of the diving centre on Lake Zakrzówek, in order to increase the attractiveness of the site, carried out a number of underwater works. This is an old stone mine flooded with water. The maximum depth is 33 meters, but most of the architectural attractions are between 5 and 15 meters deep. The things placed there created an architectural space. Hundreds of divers have visited this place. The collection of architectural attractions was very diverse. Some things underwater were very original. There are simple structures such as: training platforms, shelters, mirrors, monuments, and some sunken things that are not architectural, such as an airplane, bus, car, and ship model. The study is a case study, describing how primitive construction activity can create an attractive underwater architectural space. Despite the very interesting natural shape of the lake bottom, the underwater architectural space was one of the greatest attractions of this place and a destination for diving trips. Presented work is the case study shows that the space built under the water in Zakrzówek was of great value as a document of the human creation in unusual conditions. Currently, the reconstruction of the border of Zakrzówek is underway. It is interesting if the architectural space will exist there, after. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text aims to demonstrate the existence of invariants recognized in Quintas de Recreio [suburban villas] in the Lisbon region, built in the 16th and 17th centuries, which strictly respect the principles of design and construction of the most important and revolutionary suburban villas of the Italian Renaissance - Rome and Florence - such as: rational / purist design of buildings; implantation on the ground, appropriation of the natural site, creating new highly qualified spatial realities, which interrelate architectural spaces, gardens and the surrounding landscape; use of the artistic expression as a way of aggregating architecture and landscape in a spatial whole with meaning and character - definition of environments, creation of narratives, interaction with the senses in a decisive way depending on the possible appropriations of interior and exterior spaces. We intend to compare the architectural composition of Quinta dos Marqueses de Fronteira with other erudite villas that are close to it - geographically, temporally and culturally -, focusing on the following parameters: conception and definition of the architectural space; decorative, iconographic and symbolic function of the arts with a more or less determinant link in the spatial composition of architecture and gardens; modes of relationship and interaction with the landscape, understood as an integral part of the place / Quinta de Recreio [Suburban Villa]. Regardless of the composition of the architectural whole that constitutes this Quinta de Recreio, or parts of its constituents that are clearly Mannerist or Baroque, due to their composition or expression, not least because they were built at different times, it is the conceptual humanist referent coming from the Renaissance villa model (which originally typified their spatial program, becoming constant in time and in different cultures) that we identify in the most erudite cases of non-urban civil architecture built between the 16th and 17th centuries in Portugal. The Quinta dos Marqueses de Fronteira shows, in this context, the most complex, rich and qualified cultural and artistic expression resulting from the interrelation of its architectural spaces (interiors and gardens) with the landscape and the arts, originating contexts, environments and narratives that determine the inhabitancy and character of the Place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Season plays a role in the development of outdoor spaces for pedestrians. This research studies the influence of seasonal variations on pedestrian thermal comfort using meteorology and field observations at selected footpaths around the major tourist areas of Malacca in Malaysia. For the experiment, preselected sunny days, indicating each of the seasons, were chosen. Meteorological transects were hourly from 10:00 am to 17:00 pm. 200 Respondents were questioned to record their thermal awareness, comfort level, and preferences. Besides meteorological information, adaptation, thermal comfort vote and preference, age, season, and hour of the day were significant non-meteorological factors. The findings show that the thermal experience and expectation existed in different seasons and people changed perceptions of the outside thermal environment. Almost 80% local tourist and 55 % international tourist was accepted Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), influenced by the local climate and thermal adaptation. The subjective thermal sensation on PET generated an acceptable ranging from 32.6°C to 36.8°C, based on the seasonal variations. These findings elucidate the optimal design of outdoor spaces for increasing the utilization rate. The seasonal variation must take into account to design outdoor landscape design for different seasons to communicate with the atmosphere and enhance thermal comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the study of the role of coworking spaces as an actively developing market segment in the era of sharing economy, their potential as a special symbiosis of new project-oriented reality, innovative technology, as well as a new form of business and workflow organization. The coworking spaces being an attractive business model, as well as a new culture of creation and functioning of modern environments, predetermine the relevance of the study. This paper includes an analysis of the research and practices for the development of coworking spaces as hybrid spaces and a functional-spatial symbiosis, being the reflection of the actual representation of the environment quality and forms of living of the "network" generation, allowing to distinguish five discourses (organizational and spatial response to life challenges, a new type of production environment and public space form, a special way to enhance the environment, as well as an educational space). This study discusses the multi-functionality and spatial hybrid properties of the environment, as well as methods of coworking functioning, providing new insights about the typology of architectural spaces, principles of their spatial arrangement integrating production, public and recreational areas. The typology of coworking spaces is proposed as well. The distinctive feature of coworking spaces are described, as well as the object-spatial arrangement and environment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the problem of integrating the former closed military campuses into the urban environment. The features of such process for campuses depending on their location are revealed. Key issues emerging during the transition of the former military campuses from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense to the jurisdiction of municipalities are identified. Since the ownership transfer mechanism was not properly established and dragged on for a decade, the infrastructure of many campuses was in a deplorable state. As a result, there was a problem of financing the modernization of housing and communal services and life-support systems of such campuses. The authors conclude that as a construction site a military campus has its own specifics. The paper indicates that in such circumstances it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the architectural space and zoning of the former military campuses. The authors believe that the preservation of the architectural heritage should be the main condition for integration into the common urban environment. New projects should take into account the previously existing architectural design. The example of the Irkutsk military campus No. 19 illustrated the possibility of transforming the former military campus, located within the boundaries of Irkutsk, into a relatively isolated residential complex. The former military campus is a whole system of park zones, sports grounds and leisure complexes, so after being reconstructed it can turn into a convenient residential area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of expanding urbanization, agricultural land is decreasing and the problems of food safety, ecological environment still remain a concern for urban resident. Using vacant and fallow land in the urban area is the way to exploit agriculture which temporarily solves problems of urban ecological balance, food security, physical activity and job creation, that helps urban residents to increase income in spare time. Urban agricultural farming supplies fresh food and enriched community activities for urban residents, which have a part of sustainability in urban living environment. On the other hand, it can also be viewed as landscape architectural design. In the article, the used research method is summarization the experiences from successful models from many countries to classify and systematize the application in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to increase the green area of landscape architectural spaces associated with urban agricultural exploitation inside urban boundary (the inner-city), limited to cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collages are generally known as mixed media techniques that can be used as representational media to express an idea that represents a concept. In the context of architecture, to be able to communicate an idea or concept idea into a visual form, a media is needed as a medium to convey the idea of the table designer, so that the client can understand the idea. In the process of designing, the role of collage as a visual representation medium can make collage one of the potential methods to represent an architect's idea by combining fragments of design elements to produce new work with new meaning. Collage can initiate and estimate the creation of architectural space by representing the meaning of an object into space (Socio, 2006; Martin, 2007). The meaning of a design has the potential to add value to the existence of a building because with the meaning of the design; buildings can develop into a cultural heritage building that is not lost to the times. By using the collage method in the design process, the meaning of a building can be arranged so that the building can maintain its existence. However, collage has not been widely used as a method that is considered the potential in the architectural design process. So, in this paper, the author aims to see the potential of collage as a method used in the design process, which is then proven by studying the Villa Isola cultural heritage building. The results of observations show that in the design process of Villa Isola, there is a compilation of contextual elements that form the design meaning by the collage method so that the building can still retain its meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work processing of space debris in fuel in low orbits which are the most littered is considered. The comparative analysis of the spacecraft for utilization of space debris (further CSD - the collector of space debris) in comparison with other ways is submitted. Some aspects of processing of space debris in fuel and economic feasibility of such approach are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In industry, most of the productive time consumed in material handling and storage, it is necessary to optimize the material handling and storage system. Automated Vertical Storage System (AVSS) is one of the technologies used to store and retrieve the material, tools, and consumable products. This paper summarizes, design of the Automated Vertical Storage System, its advantages and disadvantages. Automated Vertical Storage System has many benefits, including savings in production time, labour costs, improved material flow, and inventory control, improved throughput, high floor-space utilization, safety for workers, and stock rotation. Trays used to store the materials inside the storage system and delivery the materials without any human resources. Automated technologies and vertical storage system will save time and optimizes picking operations. It Saves 90% of floor space; also, it increases accuracy, product security, and ergonomic functions. It uses warehouse management software associate with the system, which will allow easy control and manage material handling and storage trays with inventory management software and all the information of the materials stored in the software for easy usage at a convenient location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban areas, runoff storage basins (RSBs) are common flood control measures. However, space utilization of these basins compete with other land use demands, thus it is necessary to evaluate the attenuation performance of these RSBs to justify their presence. In this study, the flood attenuation performance of RSBs which comprise a series of 3 mini dams (3-m high), a lagoon, and 19 small detention ponds within a small catchment in Cebu, Philippines was evaluated. The 3 mini dams intercept runoff water from developed portion of the catchment and release the water to a lagoon which in turn discharges the water to an open channel terminating to a street drainage culvert that conveys water to the wetland. The 19 small detention ponds are distributed to different locations within a subcatchment which is also tributary to the culvert. The catchment has an area of 3km2. It is urbanized and has moderate to steep slopes; 19% of which has a slope ranging from 15% to 30% and 43% of the catchment has slope greater than 30%. The catchment drains its runoff into a wetland. The HEC-GeoHMS extension of ArcGIS was utilized in delineating the catchment. The hydrologic properties were determined using soil type, land use, and land cover maps. The soil type map was obtained from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). The land use and land cover maps were extracted from 0.5-m resolution Orthophoto and 1-m resolution LiDAR data provided by the Philippine Light Detection and Ranging (Phil-LiDAR) project. HEC-HMS was used in the rainfall-runoff simulation incorporating SCS loss, SCS unit hydrograph, and kinematic wave and Muskingum flow routing. Parameters were calibrated and validated using measured rainfall data and corresponding outflow hydrographs estimated from the time-stamped camera-captured changes in water level and depth-volume relation of the wetland. The calibration and validation yielded Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.86 and 0.67, respectively. Existing RSBs attenuated 50% of flood peak at inlet of drainage culvert for 100-yr return period of 6-hr duration rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-supported racks warehouse with the advantages of high space utilization, short construction period and low overall cost, has great application value and market prospects. Due to the lack of domestic design specifications for self-supported racks warehouse, there are few market applications in China. Based on the requirements of relevant Chinese structures design codes and fire protection design codes, the application of a self-supported racks warehouse in a cigarette logistics system is studied. Combined with the actual needs of cigarette logistics projects, a self-supported racks warehouse is designed to meet the requirements of a cigarette logistics distribution center. Compared with the traditional high racks warehouse, the advantages are obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prospects of the progress of radio astronomy, solar energy, as well as the exploration of the Earth surface and other planets from space are inherently linked to the possibility of deploying large structures (telescopes, antennas, energy platforms and so on) in space. These structures will be delivered to the space orbits in the densely-packed transport position. Then the process of deployment will bring them to the working position. Estimation of the orbital working capability of such transformable structures in the Earth conditions requires costly test rigs for making the structures weightless, as well as uniquely large vacuum chambers. The development of mathematical models of large transformable space structures that accurately describe their mechanical properties is especially important for designing and developing such structures. Therefore, a mathematical experiment using these models with identified parameters is very important for estimating the functional fitness of a large transformable structure being created. This paper considers a mathematical model of a multilink transformable structure that belongs to one of the simplest classes of space systems. Elements of such structures can be made of metal, as well as composite materials. The deployment of large transformable space structures can be done by force actuators: electric motors, springs, shape-memory material actuators. A mathematical model of the considered structure was built using MSC.Adams software, and numerical analysis of the deployment dynamics of a plane multilink closed foldable frame of a circular antenna with a diameter of 20 m was conducted. The results of the numerical simulation of the deployment process revealed a special feature of the deployment process: during motion, the frame elements may impact each other and the elements of the systems transporting these structures to the orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the development of approaches to optimum selection of space-planning and structural solutions of low-rise buildings for different kinds of territories. The aim of the study is to develop a system of criteria that influence the choice of optimum space-planning and structural solutions of buildings and structures aimed at enhancement of capital investment efficiency, energy and resource efficiency and creating comfortable living conditions for people. Developed solutions can be applied during implementation of investment construction projects of low-rise housing at different kinds of territories based on the local building materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space mission success depends on adequate attitude control system performance. Future advanced space missions will involve control system design techniques with novel architectures, technologies, and algorithms. Pontryagin’s theory of linear differential games is a natural tool to solve local stabilization problems under conditions of uncertainty. In this work we apply this theory to attitude stabilization of spacecrafts with unknown mass properties and mobile elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set up a formalism that generates R2×S2 static wormhole spacetimes (M,g). We are assuming that the magnitude of the timelike Killing vector field is uniform over the throat but its gradients is non vanishing on the throat. These conditions imply that a vicinity of the throat can be foliated by a family of closed regular two surfaces and relative to this foliation a (2+1+1) decompositions of Gμv = kTμv yields a set of constraints eqs and a set of dynamical eqs that propagated the intrinsic metric, extrinsic curvature as well as the matter variables of the throat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a novel thermal design architecture that enables satellites to be conceived, configured, launched, and operationally deployed very quickly. The architecture has been given the acronym SMARTS for Satellite Modular and Reconfigurable Thermal System and it involves four basic design rules: modest radiator oversizing, maximum external insulation, internal isothermalization and radiator heat flow modulation. The SMARTS philosophy is being developed in support of the DoD Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) initiative which seeks to drastically improve small satellite adaptability, deployability, and design flexibility. To illustrate the benefits of the philosophy for a prototypical multi-paneled small satellite, the paper describes a SMARTS thermal control system implementation that uses: panel-to-panel heat conduction, intra-panel heat pipe isothermalization, radiator heat flow modulation via a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) cold-biased loop heat pipe (LHP) and maximum external multi-layer insulation (MLI). Analyses are presented that compare the traditional “cold-biasing plus heater power” passive thermal design approach to the SMARTS approach. Plans for a 3-panel SMARTS thermal test bed are described. Ultimately, the goal is to incorporate SMARTS into the design of future ORS satellites, but it is also possible that some aspects of SMARTS technology could be used to improve the responsiveness of future NASA spacecraft. [22 CFR 125.4(b)(13) applicable] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development and testing of a patented rover concept called Tetrahedral Explorer Technologies (TET), designed to provide extreme mobility and plug-and-play utility through reconfigurable addressable architecture. Here, we present the results of preliminary lab and field tests of Prototype III. Reconfigurable architecture is essential in exploration because reaching features of the great potential interest will require crossing a wide range of terrains largely inaccessible to permanently appendaged vehicles. One surface might be relatively flat and navigable, while another could be rough, variably sloping, broken, or dominated by unconsolidated debris. To be totally functional, structures must form pseudo-appendages varying in size, rate, and manner of deployment (gait) and moving at a speed approaching that of a human in rugged terrain. TET architecture is based on the tetrahedron, the basic space-filling shape, as building block. Tetrahedra are interconnected, their apices acting as nodes from which struts reversibly deploy. The tetrahedral framework acts as a simple skeletal muscular structure. Two simple robotic walker prototypes have already been developed from a single reconfigurable tetrahedron capable of tumbling. This paper presents the results of our attempts to simulate motions, improve the hardware, and develop gaits for a more evolved 12Tetrahedral Walker (Prototype 3) which high degrees of freedom locomotion commandable through a user friendly interface. Our rover is an early level mission concept, realized as an electromechanical system at present, which would allow autonomous in situ exploration of lunar sites when we return to the Moon. Such a rover could carry into inaccessible terrain an in situ analysis payload designed to provide not only details of composition of traversed terrain, but the identification of sites with resources useful for permanent bases, including water and high Ti glass. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous NanoTechnology Swarm (ANTS) Architecture is based on Addressable Reconfigurable Technology (ART) adaptable for the full spectrum of activities in space. ART systems based on currently available electromechanical (EMS) technology could support human crews on the lunar surface within the next 10 to 15 years. Two or more decades from now, NEMS (Super Miniaturized ART or SMART) technology could perform fully autonomous surveys and operations beyond the reach of human crews. Power system requirements would range from 1 kg to generate tens of Watts for near term ART applications, such as a lunar or Mars Lander Amorphous Rover Antenna (LARA), to <0.1 kg to generate hundreds of mWatts for more advanced SMART applications. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]