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The current patent management system is plagued by issues such as long processing times, lack of transparency and potential for fraudulent activities. In this paper, we propose a blockchain based Non-Fungible Token system to address these problems. Our system utilizes Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) to represent patents and stores patent information on a decentralized blockchain network. This ensures the immutability and transparency of the patent data and allows for a more secure and efficient patent registration and management process. We also discuss the potential benefits of using Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) for patent management and analyze the feasibility of implementing such a system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with innovative building materials which, in the future, should significantly reduce construction time and significantly reduce heat and electricity costs. These materials have a unique production technology, are among the most environmentally friendly, and their composition and novelty have been confirmed by patents. They are produced under conditions that do not harm the environment. Manufacturers of new materials today rely on the ease of use of products with high performance characteristics, as a result, it is possible to change both the process itself and the general trend in construction. The authors have provided a comparative description and classification of modern building materials that are popular at the current stage of construction and will be used in the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmetic can be any substance that improves the body part's beauty, but when this product is paired with any drug with medicinal efficacy it is called cosmeceuticals. Nanotechnology has considerable use in both the medical and cosmetic industries. When the nano carriers are interested in cosmeceutical's in order to improve their permeability, it is termed as nanocosmeceutical's. Because of their precise range and efficient biological impact size varies from molecular to atomic level to produce excellent results. The penetration into deeper skin and the localized action are determined by nanocarriers embedded in cosmetics. The key criteria for using nanocarriers are carrier capacity, solubility, quality and degradation. Besides this, the pH of the skin plays an important role in the distribution of the drugs as per quantum dots therapy. The principal theory of these nanocosmeceuticals' is to go into the deeper layers and then into the systemic circulation in order to treat various conditions such as acne, hypopigmentation etc. There are so many products that have some adverse effects as well as the consequences can be reversed by the various steps taken by regulatory agencies to exacerbate the condition of the skin and hair. One of the difficult areas is also the toxicity of a nanocosmeceuticals' and different recommendations are available for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amendment to Article 20 of Law Number 13 of 2016 on Patents with Article 107 of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation raises concerns that the fulfilment of public access rights regarding the availability of medicines will be hampered to fulfil their right to health. This change resulted in the abolition of the provisions regarding local working requirements. There is a conflict of interest between the obligations of the Government of Indonesia to fulfil the right to health of its citizens, including access to medicines, and due to international trade era, the interests of Indonesia which must also accommodate the interests of other countries to maintain good relations. This study uses a doctrinal approach that analyses secondary data, especially various policies related to patents and the provision of medicines by the Government as its obligation to fulfil the right to health of its citizens. The result of this research concludes that further policies are needed from the Government that can guarantee the community's right to access good quality medicine as part of the fulfilment of public health access rights which are parts of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an effective simplified optimization technique. It provides conducive support to all the industry wherever the optimization plays a pivotal role. The fast-growing manufacturing sector that adopts additive manufacturing wherein mass customization is key, requires lot of optimizations for every component that is developed. This led ANN to easily penetrate additive manufacturing techniques. The scope of optimization is widest and demanding in case of versatile applications used by various industries. Amongst which the high precision demand in the field of bio-medical industry, makes it better to be considered as a point of assessment. There are few uncommon variants of additive manufacturing that use ANN for optimization are discussed, which henceforth could be further reviewed in future to assess their suitability in bio-medical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world in fear due to covid-19 outbreaks which impacted to the all aspect of life. As a many other countries, Indonesia with huge population consider to handle the spread the covid-19 through develop the innovation and technologies that highly related to the patent. This study aims to present the descriptive examination of the patent landscape related to the Covid-19 in Indonesia. Furthermore, the information of patent application obtains from Indonesian patent database and classified by the selected categories. This study reveals that the Research, Development, and Innovation (RDI) activities dominated by the Indonesian higher education. The highest filling date in December 2020 highly correlated with the obliged research outcome that funded research by the Indonesian Government. Additionally, the patent classifying by the type of method, process, tools, and products and there's no significant distinction number among the types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the universities' significant roles in innovation, the entrepreneurial university concept has been taken to many discussions among researchers. Relevant to this knowledge economic era, universities are trying to acquire new knowledge assets by exploring sources of knowledge inside or even outside of the university. Companies, research institutions, experts, and other universities can be a part of many sources available. This paper analyzes the network's characteristics of university-to-university collaboration on patenting. We utilize a concept of graph analytics in form of graph database technology using Neo4J software combining with various analyzing tools. We use 61.490 records of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) registered on the official website Indonesian Sinta (Science and Technology Index). We provide the mechanism to analyzed the network with the various contexts of information by applying centrality, network-level, path-level, and similarity. This paper gives information on how the graph database can help to analyze the data and a glimpse of information on the state of Indonesian patenting universities collaboration network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0 have succeeded in changing the process of people's social life from being based on human labor to technology centered on automation. These changes occur in all sectors of life, including economic, social, and legal. In this case, the legal and economic sectors have a fairly close relationship. Thus, changes to the two sectors will influence and depend on each other. One example is patents, where high patent ownership will affect national income and economic growth of a country. Indonesia continues to optimize applications for patent registration, such as the implementation of e-filling or online registration since 2019 with the aim of making patent application facilities accessible to all regions of the archipelago. This paper will discuss the state' s efforts in optimizing technology for the patent registration program in Indonesia. The legal research method used is normative legal research through a statutory or statutory approach. In addition, this paper uses secondary legal data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the great importance of the problem of technological modeling for high- tech enterprises, since the analysis of technological development is an important tool for supporting decision-making in the development of an innovative and competitive strategy. Patents are one of the best sources of information on technology development. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of patent analysis-based technological modeling methods and to consider them in terms of their alignment with the competitive strategies of Need Seekers, Market Readers and Technology Drivers. The results of the review allow us to conclude that the objectives of Market Readers are more consistent with the methods of static technological modeling, which implies the study of the current state of the knowledge sphere and its implementation in the market. Technology Drivers generate new ideas focused on the future, therefore, the most important methods for them are dynamic technological modeling, focused on predicting the future development of the knowledge sphere. Need Seekers combine both approaches because proceed from both existing and future needs of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric communication technology is gradually mature. With the technological breakthrough of Huawei, a Chinese science and technology enterprise, 5g technology has been gradually developed and popularized for commercial use in China. The 5g era of high speed, low delay and promoting the interconnection of all things is coming as promised. Technological innovation in the field of electric communication is also one of the standards to measure the national scientific and technological innovation ability. In order to seize this potential communication market and improve China's comprehensive competitiveness, China has continuously provided resources and platforms for scientific and technological enterprises to carry out industry university research cooperation. Taking Huawei as an example, this paper explores the innovation strategy behind the technological achievements in communication field from the perspective of industry university research collaborative innovation network, which has reference significance for other enterprises to optimize alliance network and realize efficient R & D. Not only that, the patent database is constantly improving and mature, patent measurement to a certain extent can deeply understand the technological innovation of enterprises, and it has great practical value and social significance to carry out patent Measurement Research on leading enterprises. Based on the patent perspective, through the analysis of applicants and inventors, this paper will deeply analyze Huawei's industry university research cooperation network with universities in the field of electric communication, explore its innovation strategy, summarize the characteristics of its innovation network, and put forward development suggestions for reference according to its shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological evolution of the real market economy is a cyclical process: during the economic crises there are an accelerated testing and development of radical technological and business innovations and during the economic recovery and growth, there is a spread of these innovations mastered in the crisis overcoming phase. The article analyzes the role of the world patent system in accelerating the technological modernization of the world competitive economy, investigates the negative consequences observed in technological segments where the effectiveness of patent law is reduced; the signs of the «classical patent systems» crisis are described, the possibility of supplementing the classic «patent systems» with «blockchain technologies» is considered;the elements of national innovation systems and their interaction are described, the symptoms and specific crisis causes of innovation management in Russia and USSR are investigated; the means for improving the existing national innovation system are indicated. To illustrate the conclusions, examples of technical and technological competitive innovative solutions are given, as well as patents with «negative value». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patenting activities and technology commercialization in nanotechnology are being increasingly driven by international collaboration. These collaborative arrangements are often based on patents' portfolio complementarities requiring managerial capabilities in terms of searching for external partners and assessing the patents portfolio. To support technology transfer within or across countries, this study examines a sample of 28,895 patents filed in carbon nanotubes to assess key players, their technology domains and which commercialization strategies Italy-based organizations may deploy since the dominant position of Chinese organizations. Our findings show that significant linkages of the Italian nanotech system appear as being highly centralized around key players within their own cluster. Overall, the results suggest that strengthening the linkages between scientific and corporate actors may eliminate many barriers and accelerate nanotech commercialization by rethinking teaching and training programs for young researchers. Implications for policy-makers are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the tea beverage enterprises in China have made great strides inthe protection of intellectual property rights, attaching great importance to the protection of trademark rights and the marketing of brands. However, they have paid little attention to the patent protection of tea beverage formulations, and the research literature is scarce. Under the background of the rapid development of knowledge economy, the number and quality of patents for tea beverage enterprises are not only the key elements to reflect their core competitiveness, but also the important content of enterprise's knowledge management and the cornerstone of brand building. Taking the patent layout of Kao Corporation in the tea beverage industry as an example, the article analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the patent application of tea beverage enterprises in China and puts forward suggestions on how to improve the patent protection strategy of tea beverage enterprises in China. Key words : tea beverage enterprises; formula patents; patent layout [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of military and civilian technology in the development stage of weapon equipment is an inherent requirement for the development of the deep integration of the military and the civilian. In order to avoid repeated development of existing technology and improve the efficiency of weaponry development, the government should take effective measures to encourage development institutions to actively adopt existing intellectual property technology in the process of equipment development. According to the theory of utility function and the characteristics of practical problems, the utility function of government and weapon equipment development units is constructed, and the optimization model of incentive strength for national defense intellectual property is established. According to the numerical simulation, the conclusion is, to improve the development efficiency, and at the same time, to encourage innovation, the government need to make a trade-off in incentive policy making, to achieve a high level in intellectual property rights" innovation and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of this project are to design and diversify the function of a battery powered scooter frame which is more practical for the human factor in ergonomic and optimum design. The new design is based on ideas which are studied from existing scooter frame, United States Patent design and European States International Patent design. The final idea of concept design for scooter frame is based on concept chosen from the best characteristics and it is divided into three main difference ideas and the matrix evaluation method is applied. Analysis that applies to frame design, arm, rim and drive train component is based on Cosmos Express program. As a conclusion, the design that is produce are able to carry the maximum also has more practical features in ergonomic view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing trend of research and innovation developments in the field of construction industry and their impacts on the national economy have raised much attention in the recent years. In this respect, through the relationship that exists between innovation and patent protection means that the education system of civil engineering has to gear itself to provide a sense of direction to facilitate future civil engineers to meet the challenges through innovation. The aim of this paper is to examine the educational experience and inclination of civil engineering students at Universiti Sains Malaysia in terms of their educational readiness to invent and innovate based on patents' exploration. Specifically, this paper presents research evidence using a quantitative method through questionnaire surveys in determining the dimension of patent information usage for innovation purposes, with attention to the hierarchy of each usage aspect and outcome measures reported. Results of this study revealed that majority of the participants have a "simplistic and superficial" ideas of patents identification as a source of innovation. Although a fair number of participants have relatively good knowledge of patents and innovation, lack of practical exposure and experience in construction industry are still a problem frequently encountered in the preparation to invent and innovate based on patents' exploration. It is recommended that the research model is tested using a greater number of research participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiscale cancer models, implemented in silico, simulate tumor progression at various spatial and temporal scales. Having the innovative substance and possessing the potential of being applied as decision support tools in clinical practice, patenting and obtaining patent rights in cancer models seems prima facie possible. What legal hurdles the cancer models need to overcome for being patented we inquire from this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A formation of thrombosis due to hemodynamic conditions after the implantation of stent in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) will derived the development of re-stenosis. The phenomenon of thrombosis formation is significantly related to the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) on the arterial wall. Thus, the aims of this study is to investigate the distribution of WSS on the arterial wall after the insertion of stent. Three dimensional model of patent ductus arteriosus inserted with different types of commercial stent are modelled. Computational modelling is used to calculate the distributions of WSS on the arterial stented PDA. The hemodynamic parameters such as high WSS and WSSlow are considered in this study. The result shows that the stented PDA with Type III stent has better hemodynamic performance as compared to others stent. This model has the lowest distributions of WSSlow and also the WSS value more than 20 dyne/cm2. From the observed, the stented PDA with stent Type II showed the highest distributions area of WSS more than 20 dyne/cm2. This situation revealed that the high possibility of atherosclerosis to be developed. However, the highest distribution of WSSlow for stented PDA with stent Type II indicated that high possibility of thrombosis to be formed. In conclusion, the stented PDA model calculated with the lowest distributions of WSSlow and WSS value more than 20dyne/cm2 are considered to be performed well in stent hemodynamic performance as compared to other stents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patents are one of the Intellectual Property. Analyzing patent is one requirement in knowing well the development of technology in each country and in the world now. This study uses the patent document coming from the Espacenet server about Green Tea. Patent documents related to the technology in the field of tea is still widespread, so it will be difficult for users to information retrieval (IR). Therefore, it is necessary efforts to categorize documents in a specific group of related terms contained therein. This study uses titles patent text data with the proposed Green Tea in Statistical Text Mining methods consists of two phases: data preparation and data analysis stage. The data preparation phase uses Text Mining methods and data analysis stage is done by statistics. Statistical analysis in this study using a cluster analysis algorithm, the Adaptive K-Means Clustering Algorithm. Results from this study showed that based on the maximum value Silhouette, generate 87 clusters associated fifteen terms therein that can be utilized in the process of information retrieval needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factor analysis has become one of the most widely used multivariate statistical procedures in applied research endeavors across a multitude of domains. There are two main types of analyses based on factor analysis: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Both EFA and CFA aim to observed relationships among a group of indicators with a latent variable, but they differ fundamentally, a priori and restrictions made to the factor model. This method will be applied to patent data technology sector green tea to determine the development technology of green tea in the world. Patent analysis is useful in identifying the future technological trends in a specific field of technology. Database patent are obtained from agency European Patent Organization (EPO). In this paper, CFA model will be applied to the nominal data, which obtain from the presence absence matrix. While doing processing, analysis CFA for nominal data analysis was based on Tetrachoric matrix. Meanwhile, EFA model will be applied on a title from sector technology dominant. Title will be pre-processing first using text mining analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of used car tires poses a threat to the environment. Therefore they need to be recycled. In this work a decomposition method that involves applying a stream of water at very high pressure (to 600MPa) is presented. This method is based on the authors' own patent from 2010 and the results have been provided from two year-long tests and calculations This study includes many diagrams, images and calculations that have been used to develop the discussed method which is competitive for currently used ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This studies deal with the description and systematization of the popular patent retrieval resources. The importance of the non-patent information when conducting patent research for the intellectual property created in educational and scientific activity of the university is highlighted. The differences in the patent and non-patent information are found out. Based on the databases` analysis the authors conducted the patent research on "Wireless endoscopic capsules" (development of the NRNU MEPhI). This study can be used to facilitate the university work on the new product development in order to improve the efficiency of the process of the commercialization of the intellectual activity results, including the entering the international market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweden is top ranked as the third most innovative nation in the world according to Global Innovation Index 2015. The academic staff at Swedish universities has the right to their inventions (research-ownership of patent rights) as opposed to far more diffuse university-ownership. Since 1977 the Swedish Higher Education Act imposes Swedish universities a socalled Third task. In addition to education and research they shall collaborate with the society and to inform the society about their activities. How does the largest university in Scandinavia deal with dissemination of research results to industry and society? The presentation will touch upon technology transfer, professional education and regional development as well as commercialization of research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of the article presentsdevices of rehabilitation electromechatronics. As a research work, the author's team has performed sketch and technical developments on this subject, which are protected by patents of the Russian Federation. The second part providesan overview of medical robotic surgery, which is ideal for imperfections removing. It also describes capabilities of the author's team in development of active driveline based "iron" hands. Scalpels never tremble in the iron hands, which are not afraid of the aftershocks and never get tired. They can perform operations during not less than 48 consecutive hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 700 years ago, watermarks were used in Italy to indicate the paper brand and the mill that produced it. By the 18th century watermarks began to be used as anti counterfeiting measures on money and other documents.The term watermark was introduced near the end of the 18th century. It was probably given because the marks resemble the effects of water on paper. The first example of a technology similar to digital watermarking is a patent filed in 1954 by Emil Hembrooke for identifying music works. In 1988, Komatsu and Tominaga appear to be the first to use the term 'digital watermarking'. Consider the following hypothetical situations. You go to a shop, buy some goods and at the counter you are given a currency note you have never come across before. How do you verify that it is not counterfeit? Or say you go to a stationery shop and ask for a ream of bond paper. How do you verify that you have actually been given what you asked for? How does a philatelist verify the authenticity of a stamp? In all these cases, the watermark is used to authenticate. Watermarks have been in existence almost from the time paper has been in use. The impression created by the mesh moulds on the slurry of fibre and water remains on the paper. It serves to identify the manufacturer and thus authenticate the product without actually degrading the aesthetics and utility of the stock. It also makes forgery significantly tougher. Even today, important government and legal documents are watermarked. But what is watermarking, when it comes to digital data? Information is no longer present on a physical material but is represented as a series of zeros and ones. Duplication of information is achieved easily by just reproducing that combination of zeros and ones. How then can one protect ownership rights and authenticate data? The digital watermark is the same as that of conventional watermarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, researching method of technology forecasting has been depended on intuition of expert until now. So there were many defects like consuming much time and money and so on. In this paper, we forecast diffusion of technology by using Bass model that is one of the quantitative analysis methods. We applied this model at technology market. And for input data of experiment, we use patent data that is representing each technology in technology market. We expect this research will be suggest new possibility that patent data can be applied in Bass model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]