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This research aims to determine the levels of mathematical literacy ability (MLA) among public high school students (SMAN), considering the Hippocrates-Galen personality types, and to investigate whether personality type and gender have an impact on MLA. The research methodology employed in this study is quantitative, utilizing a survey approach, with data processed using the Rasch model and multiple linear regression. The research population consists of 5,561 eleventh-grade students from SMAN for the Academic Year 2022/2023 in the city of Depok. A purposive sampling technique was applied, resulting in a sample size of 412 students. Research instruments used included tests and questionnaires. Following validation using the Rasch model, a fit sample of 191 students was obtained. The results from the person wright map indicate that the majority of eleventh-grade students from SMAN in Depok exhibit moderate levels of mathematical literacy ability, with a prevalent phlegmatic personality type. Female students demonstrate superior MLA in comparison to their male counterparts. The highest levels of MLA are predominantly found in the sanguine and melancholic personality types, with seven students each, followed by five students in the phlegmatic personality type, and two students in the choleric personality type. Furthermore, based on the results of simultaneous test using multiple regression, it is evident that both the independent variables, namely, Hippocrates-Galen personality type and gender, collectively influence MLA. However, the results of the partial test reveal that only gender significantly affects MLA, while the Hippocrates-Galen personality types do not exert a significant impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century classrooms, teachers strive to make teaching and learning meaningful. One of the teaching approaches with ESL young learners used frequently by master trainers is project-based learning. In the effort to use project-based learning, teachers face problems in implementing it correctly as they lack guidelines that prescribe how to do it step-by-step. To add on to the problems, only activities are suggested in the textbooks without a clear manual since project-based learning is still in its infancy in primary school ESL classrooms. This study explores the practice of master trainers who are advocates of project-based learning in their respective districts in two northern states in Malaysia. This qualitative case study garners data from teachers' lesson plans, semi-structured interviews and guided reflection from the master trainers. Thematic analysis was carried out to look for emerging patterns in the data before a set of guidelines is developed for the use of other teachers in primary school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce Right Truncated Inverse Gompertz Distribution with two parameters δ and ϑ and we proposes three methods by hybrid Algorithms (Cuckoo Search Algorithm with Moment Method (CSA_MOM), Firefly Algorithm with Moment Method (FA_MOM) and Bee Colony Algorithm with Moment Method (BCA_MOM)) to estimate Survival functions based on the parameters (δ, ϑ) of Right Truncated Inverse Gompertz distribution. The proposed methods are compared to the traditional methods (Moment Method and Maximum Likelihood Estimation) via simulation. The results indicate that (CSA_MOM) algorithm is superior to other algorithms, and then comes (BCA_MOM) algorithm. Both algorithms are superior to the classical methods in all cases discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the robust estimators to estimate of the nonparametric regression function model were studied by taking (Robust Nadaraya –Watson Kernel Estimator (R-N-W-K)) using (Asymptotic Mean Integration Square Error standard (AMISE)) and by taking (Robust K-Nearest Neighbor Estimator (R-K-NN)) using (the Leave – One – Out Cross – Validation standard (CV)) and by taking (Robust M Estimator (R-M)) using (Unbiased Cross – Validation standard (UCV)), the aim of research to compare between estimators of nonparametric robust for getting best estimate for choosing best estimator most suitable for model, and have been using simulation had to be used as optimal tool to study sample sizes and different distributions random error, normal state and data contamination with outliers or contaminated values and variance levels. Different and for different models, compare between the studying estimator and knowing the best estimator the results proved the best (Robust M Estimator (R-M)) by using (UCV) standard by obtaining the lowest value of the mean square error standard (MSE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a country with diverse ethnicities and different cultures, it is crucial to sustain the harmony among the people and nurture the spirit of unity in diversity. The ultimate aim of unity and harmony is to drive prosperous development of the country. Therefore, this paper examined the crucial criteria relevant to the national culture that are deemed most appropriate in contributing towards preserving the harmony in a nation with diverse ethnicities. Subsequently, this study utilized the qualitative expert judgment and the Rank Order Centroid (ROC) method to rank important criteria related to the national culture, which contribute towards the harmonious living in the context of Malaysia. The results revealed five crucial criteria in descending order are respecting elders, brotherhood, tolerance, mutual understanding and morality. It can be concluded that these criteria are the most effective in contributing towards a harmonious nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was attempted that copper-graphite composite was prepared locally on the surface of a copper plate with using a spot welding machine. Experiments were carried out with changing the compressive load, the repetition number of the compression and the electrical current in order to study the effect of them on carbon content and Vickers hardness on the copper plate surface. When the graphite was pushed into copper plate only with the compressive load, the composite was mainly hardened by the work hardening. The Vickers hardness increased linearly with an increase in the carbon content. When an electrical current was energized through the composite at the compression, the copper around the graphite particles were heated to the temperature above approximately 2100 K and melted. The graphite particles partially or entirely dissolved into the melt. The graphite particles were precipitated from the melt under solidification. In addition, this high temperature caused the improvement of wetting of copper to graphite. This high temperature caused the annealing, and reduced the Vickers hardness. Even in this case, the Vickers hardness increased with an increase in the carbon content. This resulted from the dispersion hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]