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In this article an optical psychrometer, in which temperature measurements are performed by means of two fiber Bragg grating sensors used as dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers, is introduced. The adopted design exploits both the high accuracy of psychrometric-based relative humidity measurements with acknowledged advantages of wavelength-encoded fiber optic sensing. Important metrological issues that have been addressed in the experimental work include calibration of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, evaluation of response time, sensitivity, hysteresis, linearity, and accuracy. The calibration results give confidence that, with the current experimental setup, measurement of temperature can be done with an uncertainty of ±0.2 °C and a resolution of 0.1 °C. A detailed uncertainty analysis is also presented in the article to investigate the effects produced by different sources of error on the combined standard uncertainty uc(U) of the relative humidity measurement, which has been estimated to be roughly within ±2% in the range close to saturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]