Search

A gantry crane is a device used for transporting heavy loads in many industrial areas. The device has a crucial challenge in the positioning of the trolley that can reduce work efficiency and cause work accidents. Many studies have proposed to solve that problem using Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR), Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) control methods due to their simplicity and robustness. However, these three methods are required further research to find the performance comparison. This study aims to compare the performance and robustness of LQR, PID-Manual and PID-PSO. This research was conducted by simulating the dynamic model of a gantry crane using MATLAB software. A dynamic model of the 2-D gantry crane prototype is derived using Newton's 2nd Law and the simulation results show that the LQR is better than the PID-Manual and PID-PSO in all performance but with a specific flaw in the rise time value. The LQR controller is also able to maintain the performance of the gantry crane for various conditions, i.e. load mass and cable length variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the effect of sintering time on the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells with turmeric dyes as sensitizers. Sintering TiO2 semiconductors were conducted at a temperature of 450°C for 30, 50, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The natural dye was extracted from dried turmeric powders with ethanol solvent. The results show that size of grains and the opening area of TiO2 semiconductor depended on the sintering time. The improvement of the properties of TiO2 semiconductor allowed more turmeric dyes were adsorbed by the semiconductors and then improved the performance of solar cells. The sintering time of 150 minutes produced large grains with an average diameter of 68.87 nm, and a porosity area of 26.51% caused the performance of DSSCs was the highest among other sintering time. The Voc, Jsc, and efficiency of DSSCs with turmeric-based natural dyes 0.64 V, 0.47 mA/cm2, and 0.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports the effect of sintering time on the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells with turmeric dyes as sensitizers. Sintering TiO2 semiconductors were conducted at a temperature of 450°C for 30, 50, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes. The natural dye was extracted from dried turmeric powders with ethanol solvent. The results show that size of grains and the opening area of TiO2 semiconductor depended on the sintering time. The improvement of the properties of TiO2 semiconductor allowed more turmeric dyes were adsorbed by the semiconductors and then improved the performance of solar cells. The sintering time of 150 minutes produced large grains with an average diameter of 68.87 nm, and a porosity area of 26.51% caused the performance of DSSCs was the highest among other sintering time. The Voc, Jsc, and efficiency of DSSCs with turmeric-based natural dyes 0.64 V, 0.47 mA/cm2, and 0.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new cloth simulation algorithm that uses a special data of nodes-springs-elements (NSE) order that able to achieve to a realistic cloth simulation. We develop ordering procedures on data of spring-mass system that represents physics and geometrics of a cloth as in reality. In our experiments, we developed a rectangle cloth model which is initially at a horizontal position with one fixed point and it is allowed to drape by its own weight. Our simulation result is not only able to achieve a plausible cloth drapes but also reduce overstretching when large time step is used. This paper aims to demonstrate the reliability of our approach to eliminate overstretching and ability to control bending properties during simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reports the synthesis and characterization of natural red dye. The dyes were extracted from woods of Caesalpiniasappanlinn at varied temperatures of 70, 80, 90, and 100°C for three hours. The dry wood chips and water at a ratio of 6:1 were immersed in the reactor of 150 liters. The absorbance spectra of the natural red dyes were measured by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the functional groups of the natural red dyes. In addition, the basic production cost was calculated and the fastness property towards cotton fabrics was investigated according to the Indonesia national standard of 105-C06:2010, 105-B01:2010, and 0288-2008. The results showed that the functional groups found the extracted red dyes indicated the complex bond of brazilein with peak absorbance at a wavelength of 538-540nm. The extraction temperature also changed the functional group of brazilein. From the color, the absorbance peak, the functional groups, and the main production cost, the best parameter to synthesize the natural red dyes from Caesalpiniasappanlinn was at a temperature of 80°C for two hours. Moreover, the natural red dyes has the fastness to wash resistance, light resistance, and scrub resistance by 4-5, 4, and 3-4, respectively. However, further studies for synthesis the natural red dyes by using a continuous reactor are required to identify the naturally complex compounds in brazilein for improving the fastness properties and for reducing the cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]