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In the production of advanced thermoplastic composite parts using conventional automated processing routes, critical issues can arise, such as the uniform heating of blanks of varying thickness, inhomogeneous temperature loss of hot preforms during transport, or challenges in handling and accurate positioning of them prior to the forming step. This work presents an alternative manufacturing approach in which infrared (IR) heating and the transport process of a hot preform are eliminated. In this method, a geometrically calibrated composite part is manufactured directly from a spot-welded tailored ply stack by combining heating, forming, and consolidation within a single processing unit. The manufacturing concept, referred to as 3D-consolidation, was implemented on a force-controlled consolidation production cell using a specially developed tooling solution. Instrumented experimental production trials were performed on an aerodynamic, aviation-specific component geometry produced with a tailored laminate architecture using a carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic unidirectional (UD) tape material based on a low-melt polyaryletherketone polymer matrix (CF/LMPAEK). The potential of the manufacturing approach was demonstrated through process data analysis and visual inspection of the fabricated composite parts. As the results show, near-net-shape manufacturing is provided, including a proper representation of the part's filigree edge sections and a regular internal laminate structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybridization mechanism was used to support the wood-plastic composite (WPC) in a way that leads to a change in its tribological properties represented by the wear rate (W.R) using the manual casting method. And study the effect of different operating conditions represented in the amount of load applied, the duration of sliding, and the distance of sliding, which has been reinforced with rice husk ≤300 microns with a weight fraction of 25% and carbon fibers with a weight fraction of (0-6)%, then compare the properties of these compounds with the properties of wood composites. Rice husk reinforced plastic only. This study concluded that (WPC) only has a higher (W.R) under different operating conditions than the hybrid (WPC) and carbon fiber. This hybridization mechanism gave distinct tribological properties that cannot be obtained using one type of reinforcement. The study conducted on wood-plastic composite type (Ep/Up 50:50+25%RH) showed that the rate of wear (Wear damage) is affected by the amount of both the applied load and the sliding distance, as well as the duration of operation (putting the sample in the wear device). And that the best wear rate was for the hybrid composite (50Ep+50Up) +25%RH+4%C. F at the weight fraction (4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical sector, the development of an implantable device with sensing and transmitting capabilities like pressure and temperature has become increasingly crucial. The external receiver of the system can be placed close to and it should be far away from the patient. Implantable device technology is beneficial for the patients in diagnosing serious ailments such as a stroke or cardiac arrest. This research work aims to use a Composite Ground Structure (DGS) for a patch antenna used in biomedical settings. This antenna is fabricated with fibre glass cloth and epoxy resin, and it is ideal for 2.9GHz frequency which lies in the unlicensed band. Furthermore, its design complies with the FCC regulations for this frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to increase the compressive strength of a new composite made of coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite combined with scenedesmusdimorphus filler. Scenedesmusdimorphus filler (at 5 and 10 wt. %) was used in an experimental group of coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite. As a baseline, we used a coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite that was devoid of filler. For this study, sixty samples were collected and analysed. With filler, the average compressive strength of the coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite is 59.8835 MPa, while it is only 28.118 MPa without it. A significant value of 0.002 (P0.05) was found between the experimental and control groups. Coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite with increased filler material exhibits higher compressive strength than coir fibre reinforced aluminium composite within the scope of this investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to increase the tensile strength of a new hemp fibre reinforced titanium laminate by using a portunus filler, and to compare this material to another innovative hemp titanium composite. This project makes use of a new hemp fibre reinforced titanium laminate composite made by including either 5 or 10 percent portunus filler. Both the control group and the experimental group will be made of hemp fibre titanium laminate, but the latter will also include portunus filler. Twenty samples from each group were subjected to a tensile test. Hemp fibre with filler value has an average tensile strength of 75.8765 MPa, whereas hemp fibre without filler value has an average tensile strength of 48.699 MPa. A 0.001 significance level was found between the experimental and control groups. The tensile strength of hemp fibre reinforced titanium laminate was found to be increased by the addition of 10 wt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on enhancing the impact strength of a novel hemp fiber aluminium reinforced composite laminate by adding varying percentages of Portunus filler, and comparing it to the hemp aluminium composite without any filler. All laminates were fabricated by varying weight of Portunus filler from 0 to 10% in incremental steps of 5%, and named as HAL, PHAL-5 and PHAL-10 respectively. The experimental group was made up of PHAL-5 and PHAL-10 while the control group was HAL. For each group, 20 samples were taken for testing using an Izod impact testing machine with the impact strength calculated using a predetermined formula. The mean impact strength values obtained for PHAL-5 and PHAL-10 were 26.061215 kJ/m² and 18.700895 kJ/m², respectively, with HAL recording 13.233595 kJ/m². The research indicates that adding Portunus filler to the hemp fiber aluminium reinforced laminate can improve its overall impact strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern times, lower limb amputations have risen in frequency for various reasons, including modern warfare, natural accidents, traffic issues, and diseases. Prostheses are thus often adopted to partially or totally replace a segment of a missing or deficient lower limb, attempting to restore normal functionality and amputee autonomy insofar as possible. However, achieving stable, functional, and comfortable prostheses is a major challenge for the designers and manufacturers of prosthesis sockets. This study thus aimed to develop improvements in terms of the mechanical and physical performance of composite laminates to be used for manufacturing prosthesis sockets. Multiscale hybridisation at both the micro-and macro scales was used to manufacture hybrid composite laminates by means of the vacuum assisted resin infusion method. The response of these materials to compression loading was then investigated using compression-loading testes, while the load-bearing ability was examined using the relevant tensile and flexural strength tests, and heat disputation was studied via thermal conductivity tests. The results showed that hybrid laminate samples such as those made with glass and carbon fabric and those with glass and Kevlar fabric showed improvements in energy absorption, with gains of around 42% and 52% respectively in those materials as compared to non-hybrid laminates (carbon fabrics) during compressive loading tests. In addition, multi-scale hybridisation appears to play a role in improving the tensile strength properties of hybrid composite laminates as compared to composite laminates without hybridisation: the load-bearing capacity of composite laminates across three bending tests was improved by using multi-scale hybridisation, producing peak loads, flexural strengths, and flexural moduli significantly higher than those seen in non-hybrid composites. The results also indicate that hybrid fabrics with thermoplastic particles such as glass and carbon fabrics with filler and glass and Kevlar fabrics with filler showed improvements in thermal conductivity, with those samples showing improvements of around 40% and 30, respectively, as compared to the non-hybrid laminates (carbon fabrics). Thus, these may be successfully used in lower limb prostheses to dissipate heat generated by the wearer during the walking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to further develop the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the composite laminates used for manufacturing prosthesis sockets. Various types of hybridisations were thus adopted to manufacture hybrid composite laminates using the vacuum infusion method, and tensile strength tests were then used to investigate the load-bearing ability, while response to impact loading was assessed via impact strength tests. Using various levels of hybridisation, such as the inclusion of glass and carbon fabrics and glass and Kevlar fabrics with fillers, were found to enhance the tensile strength and young's modulus of hybrid composite laminates. In particular, the modulus of elasticity of hybrid composite laminates such as glass and carbon fabrics with fillers and glass and Kevlar with fillers showed improvement in the modulus of elasticity, with increases of around 32% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the same samples without fillers. Further, inclusion of thermoplastic particles in a matrix with various type of fabrics such as glass and Kevlar was found to increase the impact strength and fracture toughness of laminates: glass and carbon fabrics with fillers and glass and Kevlar with fillers showed improvements in fracture toughness of around 13% and 27%, respectively, as compared to the same samples without fillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The materials industry is researching new and better materials for engineering applications, such as composite materials. Composites, particularly laminated composites, have a high strength to weight ratio compared to conventional materials. Fiber reinforced polymer composites, including those made with synthetic fibers like glass and carbon, have advantages such as ease of fabrication, low cost, and superior strength. However, their applications may be limited due to high production costs. This study focuses on characterizing and testing Basalt/Polypropylene mesh epoxy composites with different stacking sequences to analyze their impact on mechanical properties. The objective is to evaluate the ballistic impact response and energy absorbed by the different stacking sequences of pure and hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerospace companies frequently use carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites because of its remarkable material properties, including their light weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, and high stiffness. Cutting tools are crucial to the achievement of quantifiable outcomes including surface quality, tool life, and cutting force. Using tungsten carbide tools, milling operations are carried out on CFRP laminates. On a computer numerical control (CNC), all trials were carried out by adjusting the feed rate, spindle speed, and depth of cut. According to the experimental findings, the tool wear of tungsten carbide (WC-6%Co) tools is characterized by abrasive wear and rounding of the tool's cutting edge. According to my observations, the spindle speed, feed rate, and cut depth all directly correlated with tool life. The experimental and regression validation results for tool wear are remarkably similar, and the error is only about 5%. Finally, the regression model accurately predicts milling CFRP tool wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days we observe the emerging trend of replacing metals with the composite material. These composites create applications promising today that stood virtually inconceivable just yesterday. Though there is lot of successful rese arch undergone in weight reduction factor of the metals but based on few parameters these metals were always lagging behind. The current aim is to study the stress distribution i.e. bursting pressure of Pressure-Vessel prepared with composite materials. PV is analyzing using ANSYS to obtain optimum helix angle. Finite element analysis-(FEA) tool namely ANSYS is used to run the program. The letdown of PV is resolute from the output built on individual parameters buckle, failure strain and stress. Finally the results are compared and validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a technique in detection fiber breakage in laminated composite structures, which based on calculating curvature and irregularity indexes and utilizes the calculated static deflection. Whereas the multiple fiber breakage has been simulated using ABAQUS software to model carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). In this study static deflection was calculated for intact and damaged cantilever plates which subjected to concentrated end loads. The principle of this method depends on the decomposition of the intact and damaged plates at different levels of fiber breakage (single, double and triple). The suggested methodology is used and verified numerically using the results of laminated composite plates. The current results show a good capability of using static deflection in fiber breakage detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As public awareness of climate change grows more stringent environmental protection measures are being implemented around the world with the goal of lowering carbon emissions. Therefore major concern is to reduce the usage of the plastic and use sustainable materials because it is the cause and source of pollution. In this study jute and Hemp hybrid fibres are fabricated to reduce and usage of plastic in various applications. Polylactic acid (PLA) is used as a matrix material for fabrication. It was observed from the results that hybridization enhanced the flexural and tensile strength of the laminate composites as compared to single fibre composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric laminates could exhibit unique behaviour of bistable response. This allows them to be attractive for applications that require a large deflection with a relatively small input energy. This work focuses on the measurement of the deflection profile of multidirectional carbon/epoxy composites. Four stacking sequences were considered: [0/90], [0/45], [45/0/90] and [45/–45/0/90]. The specimens were scanned using a three-dimensional laser scanner. The deflection data was then extracted at 25 equally spaced locations on the specimens. Next, the location and the magnitude of the maximum and minimum deflection were identified and compared. The findings from this paper provides some preliminary information on the curvature of the multidirectional composite laminates with the effect of number of plies and fibre orientation of the adjacent layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have extended their discovery and application in a variety of industries, such as automobile, marine and aerospace. Polymer composite materials are used to protect the re-entry space vehicles from heat. Carbon fiber (Cf) composites based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) reinforced along with phenolic resin (PR) are suitable for high-temperature thermal protection system (TPS). This paper describes the experimental evaluation of PAN-based carbon-phenolic composites for thermal protection system. The hand-layup approach was utilized to construct the Cf-PR composite laminates, with curing temperatures ranging from 120°C to 150°C and pressures ranging from 80 to 100 kg/cm2 for four hours under a hydraulic hot compression machine. The prepared composites were characterized by, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural strength, compression strength, bar coal hardness, thermal conductivity, and density tests. The Cf-PR developed composites shown good thermo-mechanical properties for the application of TPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated SPCC and CFRP in different stacking sequences subjected to tensile loading by simulation analysis. The results show that the strength of hybrid laminates depends on the stacking sequences. Only by adjusting the fibre angle, it can change the strength of the composite material. The effect of the temperatures differences while manufacturing is also investigated to get the results predictions closer to experiment. The results of this simulation show that fibre angle affect the overall material stiffness because of the strength at some angle. The closer the fibre angle to 00 the stronger the material will be able to withstand the tensile damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid composites laminated (HLC) combined with various types of fibers have less poor interfacial bonding. It is due to the different physical and chemical properties of various fibers used. HLC consists of six layers with a stacking sequence arranged are ramie (R), glass (G), and carbon (C) fiber manufactured by the vacuum infusion process. Adding the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) 0.5 wt.% into the unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) at 350 RPM for 5 minutes. It increases the tensile strength and elasticity modulus on the HLC with the stacking sequence of CRGGRC by 15% and 34%. The significant effect on flexural strength and elasticity modulus by 47% and 16%. Adding MCC filler inhibits propagation crack in the interlaminar interface of HLC. The addition of MCC filler has a slight impact on water absorption behavior. The water absorption increases by 0.9% on HLC with MCC caused it has hydrophilicity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass fiber reinforced polymeric composite materials are replacing the Engineering materials due to its superior properties such as high tensile strength, high specific strength, high strength to weight ratio and light weight. Due to the low density and high specific strength the natural fibers are offering various superior qualities in reinforcing of composites. Engineering areas find more attractive uses for hybrid composites made of natural and synthetic fibers. In this research, epoxy and isenthalpic polyester resin are used to make glass/jute fiber reinforced polymers. Hand lay-up in a mould was used to create laminates, which were then cured under light pressure. These hybrid composite laminates' mechanical characteristics are evaluated in accordance with ASTM standards for tensile, impact, flexural, inter-laminar shear strengths and hardness. According to the findings, glass/jute hybrid laminated composites were able to achieve a good property balance and can be used as an alternate for glass fiber reinforced polymeric composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical Energy Analysis, SEA in short is used to determine the energy levels and vibration response which was developed by Lyon in 1960. In this paper, Statistical Energy Analysis parameters like velocity response and coupling loss factor for a composite plate like structure, subjected to point load are determined using classical wave model and FEA model. First, two thin composite laminates joined along an edge at right angles are examined using classical wave method and FEA method. Later, the two thin composite laminates joined along an edge at various angles are inspected using FEA models. Velocity response and coupling loss factors were determined for the composite laminate plates joined at various angles considered. The results show the variation of SEA parameters for the two edge coupled composite laminates joined at various angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the failure loads and failure modes of individual lap joints with double and single bolts both experimentally and numerically. For numerical analysis of the composite laminates, the qualities of its constituent components like epoxy and woven glass fabric are taken to account and utilized for modelling and simulation study. This composite laminate comprised woven glass fabric reinforced epoxy matrix prepared by hand lay-up technique. The diameter of the bolt hole selected was six mm while edge distance to gap diameter (E/D ratio) was varied from two to five in the steps of one. The effect of edge to hole diameter ratio on composite laminate joints' bearing strength, one with single and double bolt is presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials are one type of materials, which reinforced by particles, fabrics or plates of another type. They consist of fibers and materials that keep these fibers known as a matrix that improves the stiffness of the composites, these fibers are widely used to strengthen polymeric. In this paper, the mechanical properties of Kevlar/glass fiber hybrid composite laminate with nanoparticles will be studied. Composite laminates with an epoxy matrix reinforced with twill Kevlar weaved fiber and plain glass was woven fiber. Three different types of composite laminates were manufactured, polymer composite with nanoparticles (AL2O3), polymer composite with glass fiber, and polymer composite with glass fiber and Kevlar. The effect of Kevlar/glass fiber content on the mechanical properties are studied such as hardness, tensile, and impact. The results indicated that hybridization of Kevlar fiber to glass fiber with nanoparticles improved the hardness values, impact energy absorbed, and tensile strength of fibers that were spun with Kevlar fibers and of composite laminates with nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to increase the impact strength of the kevlar fibers with filler in addition to epoxy and hardener composites in comparison with kevlar fibers without fillers. The present is based on evaluation of impact strength for kevlar fiber with 3% volume fraction of Carbon nanotubes as filler (N=20) and Kevlar Fiber without filler(N=20). Kevlar fiber is reinforcement material, Epoxy LY556 and hardener EY951 are matrix materials. The impact strength of kevlar fiber with 3% volume fraction of carbon nanotubes as filler appears to be improved. There is a statistical significant difference of (p<0.05) between fiber with and without filler. Within the limits of this project Kevlar fiber reinforced composite with Carbon nanotubes of 3% volume fraction appears to exhibit high impact strength when compared with plain kevlar fiber composite without filler it appears to be improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to develop the novel composite with hemp fibre reinforced aluminium composite mixed with scenedesmusdimorphus filler to improve the material removal rate. In this research hemp fibre reinforced aluminium composite with and without addition of scenedesmusdimorphus filler is used as workpiece material. Hemp fibre reinforced aluminium laminate without the addition of filler is the control group and hemp fibre aluminum composite with addition of scenedesmusdimorphus filler is the experimental group. Each group 20 samples were machined. Totally 60 samples were used for evaluating material removal rate The mean material removal rate value is obtained for the hemp fibre with filler value is 7.385 and without filler value is 3.4735. The significance value obtained among the experimental group and control group is 0.001. The material removal rate obtained for the fabricated hemp fibre reinforced aluminum laminate with addition of scenedesmusdimorphus filler (10 wt.%) has a higher material removal rate as compared with other composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stack up materials which consists of fiber composite panel and aluminium / titanium alloys keep on replacing conventional materials in the aircraft industry. Though stack up materials have enhanced mechanical properties, machining of it is still being as a challenge. This paper compares the hole quality of the holes drilled by uncoated and tetrahedral amorphous carbon (Ta-C) coated tungsten carbide twist drills in terms of hole diameter error, circularity error and hole surface roughness. Drilling experiments were performed at a constant speed of 2600 rev/min and feed rate of 0.05 mm/rev. The stack material of Al7075-T6/CFRP which has a composite laminate thickness of 3.387 mm and Al7075-T6 thickness of 3.317 mm was used as workpiece and drilled under single shot process in dry condition. The results show that, uncoated drill produces better stack up diameter tolerance, circularity and Al7075-T6 surface finish, while Ta-C coated drill bits produce better CFRP surface finish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing is a new technology based on the gradual deposition of material into layers that allows in contrast with subtractive technologies many advantages, such as the production of complex-shaped objects, reduction of waste and reduction of time production. In the case of composites printing, the main advantage of the rapid development of additive manufacturing is the possibility to produce the laminates with a controlled arrangement of components in the structure, which could be modified by the specification of printing parameters. The primary aim of the study was the realization of a three-point flexural test on specimens produced by the FFF method to identify mechanical properties. Based on the results, the authors assessed effect of selected printing parameter on achieved flexural strength and flexural strain. In the future, the work will be followed up by an assessment of the effects of other printing parameters (base plane, lamina thickness and so on) on the flexural properties of the laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to study the effect of hybrid jute and glass woven fabrics laminated on flame speed and residue properties. The laminate consists of three layers. The first specimen had all three layers of jute (JFRP), the second one had all three layers of glass (GFRP), the third had jute as outer layers with glass in the middle JGJFRP and the fourth one, the opposite of the third with glass as outer layers with jute in the middle GJGFRP. ASTM-D 635 standard was used for horizontal burning test. The result shown that flame speed of JGJFRP was 0.45% faster than GFRP. The flame speed difference between JGJFRP (H1) and GJGFRP (H2) is 0.17%. Weight loss of the sample show that the hybridization with natural fiber as the core (JFGRP) is lower than the glass fiber core (GJFRP). It can be concluded that hybrid laminate is positively influenced flame speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibre composites are showing tremendous potential to be an alternative reinforcement for synthetic fibre in composites. This paper deals with natural fibres such as kenaf fibres and veldt grape plant which belongs to the grape family. These fibres are varied in their length and content and placed in random orientation for reinforcing with epoxy based composites. The veldt grape fibres are mixed with kenaf fibre in several composition and several composite laminates are fabricated. The fabricated epoxy based composite laminates are then investigated for its mechanical properties. It is concluded from the results that the composites reinforced with 20% kenaf fibre and 15% veldt grape fibre fibres produce higher tensile strength, compressive strength and flexural strength when compared to other combinations of composite laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising desires for bandpass filters operating on several frequency bands in communication applications have tempted distinct consideration by the scholars to satisfy the most rising obstacles prompted by the modern available communication systems. In this viewpoint, researchers have included several ways to accomplish the necessities of communication systems, whether the necessities are dual or multiple band performance. In this paper, a certain simple design for multi-band bandpass filter is proposed for recent modern communication applications. The general idea is to pick a suitable ultra-wide band (UWB) bandpass filter and add several quarter-wave stubs to the original UWB design. These quarter-wave stubs will act as band stop filters. By the proper choice of both the length and positions of the stubs, certain pre-calculated frequencies will be stopped or rejected. This will generate passbands between the rejected frequencies establishing a multi-band band pass filter. After choosing an UWB bandpass filter, four quarter-wave stubs were added. These stubs were designed to certain reject frequencies to produce a quad-band bandpass filter with center band frequencies of 2.65, 3.76, 5.0, and 6.5 GHz. These frequencies serve the need of WLAN and WiMAX. The laminate used to design the filter was Isola FR-4 with relative permittivity of 4.3 and laminate height of 1.5mm. Eventually, a prototype of the proposed filter was manufactured and measured. A decent agreement was found when the simulated and measured findings were compared. The proposed filter provided multiband independent resonance frequencies with significant frequency ratios, as evidenced by its demonstrated capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a physics-informed machine learning framework for predicting Go/No-Go criteria for reactive metamaterials and study shock propagation through a one-dimensional laminate structure. The laminate material was composed of an HMX bed with equally distributed 2mm thick copper pillars. The Wide-Ranging equation of state (WR EOS) was used to model HMX while the Romenski EOS was used for the elastic regime of copper, with the assumption of perfect plasticity. The shock was initiated by using an aluminum impactor and gauges were placed at the entry of the first copper pillar and exit of the last pillar. A modified machine learning model was then developed to predict the Go/No-Go criteria for the laminate structure. The proposed model only uses short-time measurements for predicting this behavior, that leads to large reductions in computational cost at higher dimensions. This framework suggests a data-driven guideline for the design of optimal laminate structures (e.g. number of copper pillars, thickness, and distribution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic masonry characterizes large part of the building heritage in Europe and worldwide but may suffer for structural weaknesses related to material deterioration, long-term fatigue, over-time modifications, accidental actions, seismic vulnerability... For the structural refurbishment of these building assets, the use of fiber-based composites has widely spread within the last twenty years as strengthening strategy. In particular, the coupling of fiber-based meshes or textiles with mortar plasters (the so-called Textile Reinforced Mortar technique) gained great relevance due to effectiveness, easiness of installation, compatibility of materials, durability and reversibility. The development of design methods for this new technique requires, beside a robust experimental database, also reliable and optimized numerical strategies for the performance estimations. In this context, the paper introduces a simplified finite-element modelling approach, based on multi-layered 3D elements, for the assessment of the structural performances of masonry assemblages strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM). In particular, the free, open source, finite element code OOFEM is adopted to perform non-linear static analyses of masonry samples subjected to in-plane or out-of-plane actions. Brick elements with laminated material composition are adopted for the simulations, with layers stacked along the sample thickness: the inner layer for the masonry and a couple of outer layers for the plaster and for the fiber-based reinforcement. The Gauss integration rule is used for setting up integration points in each layer, which number can be specified independently for each layer. The materials mechanical parameters for each layer are set in accordance to the results of experimental characterization tests available in the literature. The reliability of the simulations is assessed through comparison with previous experimental outcomes concerning tests on TRM strengthened masonry elements, namely diagonal compression tests, in-plane three-point bending tests and out-of-plane four-point bending tests. The model is feasible to reproduce the typical failure modes of masonry elements for both in-plane actions (diagonal cracking and in-plane bending failure) and out-of-plane actions (out-of-plane bending failure) also at advanced damage levels and thus can represent a useful and optimized tool to investigate on wider samples, such as entire walls with openings, even under combined in-and out-of-plane loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in automation and robotics in construction also affect wood-based constructions. To some extent, scale and complexity, this transformation will be as fundamental to humanity as no other technological change in the past. In the context of sustainable and efficient construction, traditional material bases such as wood are becoming increasingly prevalent and implemented in modern design processes and design solutions. The great potential of this building material is achieved due to developments in production as well as the actual construction of timber buildings. Especially through prefabricated and solid wood products, which are also cross-glued laminated timber products, modern timber construction represents an interesting and sustainable construction technology. The aim of this paper is to define the basic aspects of industrial building industry in the context of new trends and to introduce the possibilities of implementation of elements of industry 4.0 in the field of wood-based construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic masonry characterizes large part of the building heritage in Europe and worldwide but may suffer for structural weaknesses related to material deterioration, long-term fatigue, over-time modifications, accidental actions, seismic vulnerability... For the structural refurbishment of these building assets, the use of fiber-based composites has widely spread within the last twenty years as strengthening strategy. In particular, the coupling of fiber-based meshes or textiles with mortar plasters (the so-called Textile Reinforced Mortar technique) gained great relevance due to effectiveness, easiness of installation, compatibility of materials, durability and reversibility. The development of design methods for this new technique requires, beside a robust experimental database, also reliable and optimized numerical strategies for the performance estimations. In this context, the paper introduces a simplified finite-element modelling approach, based on multi-layered 3D elements, for the assessment of the structural performances of masonry assemblages strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM). In particular, the free, open source, finite element code OOFEM is adopted to perform non-linear static analyses of masonry samples subjected to in-plane or out-of-plane actions. Brick elements with laminated material composition are adopted for the simulations, with layers stacked along the sample thickness: the inner layer for the masonry and a couple of outer layers for the plaster and for the fiber-based reinforcement. The Gauss integration rule is used for setting up integration points in each layer, which number can be specified independently for each layer. The materials mechanical parameters for each layer are set in accordance to the results of experimental characterization tests available in the literature. The reliability of the simulations is assessed through comparison with previous experimental outcomes concerning tests on TRM strengthened masonry elements, namely diagonal compression tests, in-plane three-point bending tests and out-of-plane four-point bending tests. The model is feasible to reproduce the typical failure modes of masonry elements for both in-plane actions (diagonal cracking and in-plane bending failure) and out-of-plane actions (out-of-plane bending failure) also at advanced damage levels and thus can represent a useful and optimized tool to investigate on wider samples, such as entire walls with openings, even under combined in-and out-of-plane loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in automation and robotics in construction also affect wood-based constructions. To some extent, scale and complexity, this transformation will be as fundamental to humanity as no other technological change in the past. In the context of sustainable and efficient construction, traditional material bases such as wood are becoming increasingly prevalent and implemented in modern design processes and design solutions. The great potential of this building material is achieved due to developments in production as well as the actual construction of timber buildings. Especially through prefabricated and solid wood products, which are also cross-glued laminated timber products, modern timber construction represents an interesting and sustainable construction technology. The aim of this paper is to define the basic aspects of industrial building industry in the context of new trends and to introduce the possibilities of implementation of elements of industry 4.0 in the field of wood-based construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear behavior of CFRP laminate with layup [026] was studied under uniaxial repeated quasi-static tension of the specimen along the fibers until fracture. Approximating polynomial equations of the stress-strain dependence in the sections of active and passive deformation in 9 loading cycles are selected. One of the developed hysteresis loops is studied in detail with the separation of linear and nonlinear components of the upper and lower branch equations, the slopes Ex(ε) of the branches and the rates d(Ex(ex))/d(ex) of their changes are determined. A group of hysteresis loops in all loading cycles is considered. The distance along the ordinate axis between the branches, their linear and nonlinear components during loading is determined. Special attention is paid to the nonlinear components of the upper and lower branches of hysteresis loops and their degradation from cycle to cycle. The change of the modules of the linear components of the upper and lower branches of the hysteresis loops from cycle to cycle is shown. Graphs of mechanical energy dissipation depending on strain and loading cycle are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the formation of laminated composites based on PEEK plates and prepregs from carbon fiber (CF) fabric and the PEEK binder were investigated. The varying parameters were the prepreg thickness (and the binder content as a result), as well as the ultrasonic welding (UW) duration. Their optimization enabled to obtain a uniform structure in the fusion zone without any damages of the CF-fabric, causing improved strength properties. It was shown that the prepreg thickness determined its ability to melt upon the investigated UW durations. In the case of the thinnest prepreg of 280 µm with the minimal binder content, the homogeneous low-defect interface had been formed. However, its fracture occurred by the tear mechanism. In the case of the thicker 460 µm prepreg, the UW joint was able to maintain its integrity in the shear tests at the high stress level, while the UW joint failure was along the interface between the UW joint and the base material. At the maximum studied UW duration, the prepreg had been melted and the CF-fabric had been damaged, as well as a significant number of defects (pores) had been formed at the interface. This had caused the increased withstand stresses in the shear test due to the interface reinforcement, but the formation of such a structure is unacceptable in real products. Finally, options for practical implementations of the obtained results were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the fabrication and high-temperature mechanical properties of functionally graded materials (FGM) based on preceramic papers with Ti3Si(Al)C2 and Ti3Al(Si)C2 powder fillers. The FGMs with different architectures were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at a temperature of 1050°C and a pressure of 50 MPa. Mechanical testing of composites at 25℃ and 1050℃ demonstrated the brittle to plastic transition of fracture mechanism. At 1050 ℃ FGMs demonstrated strain for up to 1.5 % and flexural strength about 200 MPa. Due to migration of Al from A-site of MAX-phases and formation of Al2O3 a crack healing was noted after high-temperature mechanical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a review on the Adhesive joints, its applications, preparation, types of failures, joints configuration and many other experiments performed in the past, using adhesives will be discussed. Data is collected from all the previous research papers, books and other resources to update the new approaches on adhesive joints. Adhesive bonding is the permanent joining technique, where adhesive is applied in between the two materials to form a bond. Adhesives are widely used in many areas like aerospace structures, transportation, electronic components, furniture, footwear and many other things which we use in our daily life. Single lap joints (SLJ) and double lap joints(DLJ) are most commonly used. Behavior of adhesives can be affected by external factors such as temperature, curing, joint geometry and other will decrease the strength of the adhesive if proper care is not taken. To overcome the environmental effects such as moisture content, temperature, dust particles on the joint bonding a detail study will be performed, to update new methodologies which are discovered in the recent times. Nano particles are also widely used with adhesives which helps the composite to get more resistance to fight with failure factors. Performance of adhesives with and without nanoparticles, selection of adhesives, selection of Nano particles will be also covered in this paper which helps to perform future experiments easily with a reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an experimental study of the effect of adding alumina nanoparticles (AL2O3) with different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) on the mechanical properties of the epoxy-polyurethane resin reinforced by hybrid fibers. The laminate composites were prepared by a hand layup method using only three layers of carbon fibers and E-glass woven with different stacking sequences. The scanning electron microscope examined the fracture surface behavior of the hybrid nanocomposite. The experimental results showed an improvement in the nanocomposite's mechanical properties by adding (AL2O3). Based on the results, nanocomposite with (2 wt%) (AL2O3) has the highest mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties gradually decrease as more alumina nanoparticles are added. The hybrid composites material with different stacking sequences has been filled with (2 wt%) of (AL2O3), resulting in improved mechanical properties. The result also shows that tensile strength, tensile modulus, and natural frequency were increased with the increase of carbon fibers volume fraction. The damping ratio and failure strain increase with the increase of the E-glass woven volume fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the structural sectors of aviation, aerospace, and marine engineering, composite materials are widely used. It is a potential substitute for traditional metallic components due to its mechanical characteristics, which include low density, strength, and corrosion resistance. Specifically fibre reinforced laminated plates are used as structural members in aerospace vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and they are mostly subjected to compressive loads which leads to buckling of plate structures. Also there are chances of some unavoidable holes for the transfer of pipelines which makes the laminates unstable. For a set of parallel gas pipes, capsule shaped cutouts are made on the plate. So the variation of buckling strength is studied under different parameters. The buckling strength of the plane laminates with different ply orientation is calculated by implementing MATLAB code using classical laminate plate theory (CLPT), the results obtained is validated with the recent literature. Then the variation of buckling strength of the plate with capsule shaped cut out under different parameters like ply orientation, aspect ratio and cutout orientation is studied for carbon epoxy and glass epoxy combination. The composite laminate is numerically simulated using ANSYS ACP(Pre), and buckling analysis is performed with the help of Eigen value buckling module. The variation of the buckling strength under the set of parameters is plotted. The buckling strength variation for the hybrid laminate for above mentioned parameter set up is also obtained. Among the various combinations, C/G/G/C combination of hybrid laminate shows maximum buckling strength and among the ply directions [0/45]2 gives the best buckling strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the finite element modelling (FEM) of Concrete Beam, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Beam and Concrete Beam strengthened with Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates using Ansys18.1 software. Most widely used structural element i.e., concrete suffers from the problem of low ductility and less tensile strength. To overcome such drawbacks and to facilitate the fire and weather resistance, reinforced concrete systems were used in various building structures. Further, many researchers have found composite materials such as Fiber-reinforced Concrete (FRC) to reduce the deformation and extra stress. CFRP are the light weight composite materials which uses carbon fiber as a primary structural element. CFRP are found as much stiffed per unit weight to assess the efficacy in terms of strength. However, these structures faces the problem of high cost as the RCC uses costly forms of the casting. Therefore, in this work we have presented comprehensive investigation of concrete beam, RCC beam and concrete beam strengthened with CFRP by conducting static analysis in terms of deflection and stress measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for materials with high strength, stiffness and damping properties have been increasing to overcome the effect of resonance in structural applications. MRE's are one such category of materials that possess good damping capacity, dynamic range and mechanical simplicity. In this study, numerical investigation is carried out on three-layer sandwich laminated composite beam with CIP reinforced NR (natural rubber), BR (polybutadiene rubber) based hybrid MR elastomer core and multi-layer face sheet. The governing equations of motion for the sandwich composite beam are developed by adopting Reddy third order shear deformation theory (RTSDT). The natural frequency and loss factor of sandwich composite are predominantly influenced by applied magnetic field and the amount of BR blended with NR. The natural frequencies tend to increase with magnetic field. Also, the natural frequency is seen to deteriorate with increase in amount of BR mixed with NR. The loss factor of MRE's is seen to decrease with the increase of magnetic field & the loss factor tends to increase with increase in BR content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]