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Insomnia is inability to maintain or elevate sleep quality at least three times a day, more than three days in a week, or more than three months. One of theories that is explaining insomnia causes focuses on a condition called hyperarousal, which is related to increasing mental, cognitive, and motor activities. This study was applied to create the insomnia model, that zebrafish larvae were exposed to ilumination with intensity of 200 lux. There were four phases of light exposure, consist of 12 hours of light with 12 hours of dark, and 18 hours of light with 6 hours of flash. The flash phase group was divided into two groups consit of 2 minutes light on with 2 minutes dark and 4 minutes light on with 1 minute dark. The result showed that the 24-hour treatment, both light and dark cycles, have a lower inactive frequency and a higher distance moved compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestational diabetes mellitus induces insulin resistance. This condition is an outcome of delayed glucose metabolism throughout pregnancy that leads to a reduction of glucose uptake facilitated by glucose transporter (GLUT), including GLUT1, produces imbalance of antioxidant expression, and induces abnormal production of ROS. Salacca zalacca (SZ) peel posses antidiabetic and cardioprotective properties. This study observed the effect of SZ peel extract on the expression of GLUT-1 and the development of the zebrafish embryo gestational diabetes model. Zebrafish embryos aged 2 hpf (hour post-fertilization) to 3 dpf (day post-fertilization) were divided into 5 groups [control; exposed to glucose 3%; and glucose 3% + SZ peel extract with concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/ml respectively]. Body length and heart rate were measured on 3, 4, and 6 dpf, GLUT1 expression was measured by q-PCR on 3 dpf. Our study found that glucose increase the heart rate and lowered the body length of the zebrafish embryo. Administration of SZ peel extract significantly reduced the heart rate, increased the body length and the expression of GLUT1 (p<0,05). Based on this finding, we conclude that SZ peel extract could prevent growth and development disorder in high glucose-induced zebrafish embryos through modulation of glucose metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]