Search

This study was aimed to determine the yield performance of and farmers' responses to mixed planting systems of Dwarf Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana). The study was conducted in the Serang District of Banten Province. Seven fodder planting systems were performed, namely P1(1 row of DE grass + 1 row of Indigofera), P2 (2 rows of DE grass + 1 row of Indigofera), P3 (2 rows of DE grass + 2 rows of Indigofera), P4 (3 rows of DE grass + 1 row of Indigofera), P5 (3 rows of DE grass + 2 rows of Indigofera), P6 (DE grass monoculture), and P7 (Indigofera monoculture). Data were collected by direct observations of agronomic performances, while interviews were performed to gather farmers' responses regarding the planting systems. The agronomic data were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The farmers' preferences data were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The P5 gave a high growth performance and yield, e.g., a) the height of DE grass and Indigofera were 148.22±32.79 cm and 197.33±19.56 cm, respectively and b) the fodder yield of DE grass and Indigofera were 18.55 ± 8.34 ton/ha and 6.83 ± 2.09 ton/ha, respectively. Farmers' responses to the mixed planting systems were higher than the monoculture systems being 81.93% and 51.93%, respectively. In conclusion, the mixed fodder planting system has the potential to be developed as a solution to provide high-quality fodder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the responses of goats fed a basal diet of maize stover silage supplemented with mixtures of I. zollingeriana and C. callothyrsus at different proportions. Twenty-four male Boer x Kacang crosses with an initial body weight of 34.16 ±3.11 kg were used. The animals were divided into three groups and were allocated randomly to one of the three dietary treatments, i.e., maize stover silages supplemented with a mixture of Indigofera zollingeriana and Calliandra callothyrsus foliages at the composition of 60/40 (GC1), 70/30 (GC2), and 20/80 (GC3) (dry matter basis). Both the silage and foliages were offered ad libitum. Data on DMI, ADG, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation characteristics were analyzed in a completely randomized design. The chemical compositions of maize stover (NDF, ADF, CP) were numerically different between leaves and stalk and between the upper and lower part of the fractions. ADG and total DMI were affected (P<0.05) by the dietary treatment being highest in the GC3 group due to the increased intake of the maize stover silage. Blood glucose level was not affected by treatments (P>0.05), although ruminal propionate levels were greater (P<0.05) in GC3 compared to that in GC1. Blood urea nitrogen level was higher in the GC3 group (P<0.05) which is parallel with the high ruminal NH3 concentration. It is concluded that maize stover silage supplemented with mixtures of I.zollingeriana and C.callothyrsus is a potential feed for goat production, and increasing the proportion of I.zollingeriana from 60 to 80% in the foliage mixtures resulted in better responses of the goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an advanced study of the previous research on Mutant (M1) induced with gamma-ray irradiation and the preliminary study of Mutant (M2) on Indigofera zollingeriana. This study aimed to identify the germination growth of Mutant (M2) Indigofera zollingeriana. The irradiation was performed by the National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia. At the same time, the germination experiment was conducted for one month in Green House, Central of Excellence (CoE) Agriculture Faculty, Hasanuddin University. This study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and seven replicates. The treatment consisted of control (without gamma induction), 50Gy, 100Gy, 150Gy, and 200Gy. The observed parameters in this study encompassed Plumule Length (PL), Radicule Length (RL), Seedling Length (SL). Data obtained from observation were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Least-Squares Distance (LSD) test at 5% error. The results indicated that gamma irradiation significantly affected the germination growth performance where the germination growth performance tends to increase at a 150Gy dose. Afterward, the growth traits decreased at a 200Gy dose. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the dosage of 150Gy was capable of stimulating the growth performance of Mutant (M2) Indigofera zollingeriana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minerals are needed by rumen microbes in their rumination activity and often cause low productivity of ruminants in tropical countries. Indigofera zollingeriana is a tremendous potential forage plant due to its high nutrient content and production. It has the potential to be a protein and mineral source. Mineral fulfillment in ruminants is determined by its bioavailability. This study was conducted to evaluate the ruminal micromineral solubility of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three different planting densities, i.e., 8,000 plants/ha, 13,333 plants/ha, 20,000 plants/ha, and 3 replicates. An in vitro experiment was conducted to examine microminerals solubility and incubated in rumen liquor at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Plant biomass was analyzed for micromineral contents, the estimated kinetic parameters, effective solubility (ES), and solubility of ruminal microminerals, including Zn, Cu, and Fe, also analyzed. The results showed that planting density gave various effects on the level of estimated kinetic parameters, effective solubility (ES), and solubility of ruminal microminerals in I. zollingeriana top leaf (P<0.05). The plant density of 8,000 plants/ha has a higher level of Zn, Cu, and Fe solubility, estimated kinetic parameters, and effective solubility of microminerals compared to the density of 13,333 to 20,000 plants/ha. There was a positive correlation between ruminal micro solubility and minerals content. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that higher bioavailability of microminerals is obtained from plants with a density of 8,000 plants/ha, so that the planting of I. zollingeriana needs to be carried out with a population of 8,000 plants/ha to produce forage micro mineral biomass and can be utilized by livestock optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity test of the combination of larvae Black Soldier Fly (BSF), turmeric, and Indigofera zollingeriana against bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. This research was conducted based on a completely randomized design consisting of 6 treatments and 3 replications so that the total experiment was 18 units. Treatment P0 (positive control, 50 µg chloramphenicol), P1 (2.5% Turmeric + 5% Indigofera zollingeriana + 25% BSF), P2 (2.5% Turmeric + 10% Indigofera zollingeriana + 20% BSF), P3 (2.5% Turmeric + 15% Indigofera zollingeriana + 15% BSF), P4 (2.5% Turmeric + 20% Indigofera zollingeriana + 10% BSF), P5 (2.5% Turmeric + 25% Indigofera zollingeriana + 5% BSF). The parameter measured was the inhibition zone in bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the bacterial inhibition zone Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum of 12.8 mm ±2.72 and 13.46 mm ±1.64. The results of the orthogonal polynominal test show that the effect of using a combination of BSF larvae, turmeric, and Indigofera zollingeriana obtained in treatment P1 (2.5% Turmeric + 5% Indigofera zollingeriana + 25% BSF) by 96.62% in bacteria Escherichia coli and 85.74% in bacteria Salmonella pullorum. That conclusion larvae Black Soldier Fly (BSF), turmeric, and Indigofera zollingeriana can inhibit bacterial growth Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum. Treatment P1 (Turmeric 2.5% + Indigofera zollingeriana 5% + BSF 25%) can be used as a feed additive with the same antibacterial activity as chloramphenicol 50µg. Bacteria Salmonella pullorum is more sensitive than Escherichia coli bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was aimed to determine the effect of different levels of sulphuric acid (SA) scarification on Indigofera zollingeriana's seed germination and seedling growth. A completely randomized design was used with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment was scarification of seed with different levels of SA namely 0, 86, 90, and 96%. Parameters measured include germination speed, percentage, hypocotyl, and shoot lengths. Germination speed and percentage, hypocotyl and shoot length were significantly (P<0.05) increased by the level of SA scarification. The highest speed and percentage of germination was found on seed treated with 96% of SA. The value of germination speed and percentage at SA 0, 86, 90 and 96% was 4.22, 5.14, 6.35 and 7.23%/day and 24.22; 30.21; 54.37 and 76.28%, respectively. Moreover, the scarification of seed with increasing SA concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) the hypocotyl and shoot length of Indigofera zollingeriana. The hypocotyl and shoot length of Indigofera zollingeriana treated with SA at level 0, 86, 90 and 96% was 5.52, 6.18, 6.52 and 7.54 cm, and 1.71, 2.42, 3.06 and 3.82%, respectively. It was concluded that scarification level with 96% of SA resulted in the highest germination and hypocotyl and shoot length of Indigofera zollingeriana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the textile industry is increasing, so that consumer needs are increasing regarding textile dyes. And the use of natural dyes is currently very popular because it is environmentally friendly. One of the natural dyes that are often used in these products as a source of blue is Indigofera tinctoria L. because of its various potential. However, the extraction time required is very long in the conventional extraction process. Therefore, some researchers have proven that ultrasound-assisted extraction can accelerate and increase the extraction of results because ultrasonography can directly help the mechanism of matrix cell rupture through the mechanism of cavitation. Correlated with that, the extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. dye using ultrasonic-assisted extraction was analysed by modelling with the response surface methodology with Box Behnken Design (BBD). The model obtained can represent the extraction process and show there are interactions between parameters on the results, but the F/S ratio has the most significant effect. In addition, the optimization model obtained the optimal condition extraction process with predicted values close to the actual results. Sample of extract were analysed using FT-IR [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study at to determine the content of phytochemical compounds in Indigofera longeracemosa. The analysis was carried out on a sample of I. longeracemosa from Kulon Progo, Central Java. In previous studies, metabolites of the genus Indigofera were found to exhibit various bioactivities including antimicrobial, insecticidal, phytotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Qualitative and quantitative phytocomponent tests were carried out in I. longeracemosa. The content of several important phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins of I. longeracemosa was studied using spectrophotometric methods. Extracts from fresh dried leaves of I. longeracemosa were tested for phytochemical screening and TLC for determination of phytoconstituents. The results showed that laboratory tests of the content of I.longeracemosa leaves from 3 regions of Magelang, Trisik, and Srandakan contained flavonoids and saponins. This data can be used as a reference for further research with specimens from a wider area or references for other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Indigofera includes many species, but not all of them have been identified. Indigofera longeracemosa is a species of genus Indigofera, family Fabaceae. Pollen I.longeracemosa can be used as a key to identify Indigofera sp. This research aims to determine the characterization of I.longeracemosa pollen. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Biology Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The method used was the acetolysis method which was then observed using a digital binocular microscope to observe the 2D characterization and a Scanning Electron Microscope to observe the 3D characterization. I.longeracemosa used in this research came from three different regions of Central Java. Data analysis used descriptive analysis with pictures as explanatory components. The observed characterizations were the appearance of the unit, size, shape, ornamentation, sculpture, and aperture. The results of this research are the character of I.longeracemosa pollen has one unit, medium size, spheroidal shape, fine micro-perforation ornament, thin sculpture, and tricolporate aperture. Data about the pollen characteristic of I.longeracemosa could complement the novelty of the taxonomic classification information obtained by other researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The function of ruminant feed supplements is to fulfil nutritional requirements to optimize rumen performance. Rumen microbes work optimally if the nutrient sources in the feed are always available and easily degraded. The source of the nutrients can be obtained from agricultural products, plantation products, agricultural industries and food [1]. Tanin and saponins from the plant are defaunation agents that are widely used in several studies. Tanin can be used as a defaunation agent which can reduce the protozoa population and suppress methane emissions in the rumen. Observations were using Randomized Block Design of 4 treatments and 4 groups with 3 replications in each group. The treatments observed were as follows: R0: base ration without extract (control), R1: base ration + 2% extract of cassava leaves, R2: base ration + 2% extract of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves, R3: base ration + 1% extract of cassava leaves + 1% extract of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves. The results showed that treatments of R3 significantly effective for fermentation system of in vitro by measurement at the degradation of dry matter and organic matter also at total gas production and methane production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas is an attractive renewable fuel because it can be produced from abundant organic wastes via anaerobic digestion. This study reports the recent progress of the biogas produced from the waste of natural Indigofera wastes codigested with cow dungs. The substrate flow rate of 50 kg/day and 100 kg/day was digested in the digestion reactor 1 and reactor 2 of 3000 L and 1000 L, respectively. The biogas production was measured daily and used as fuel in an internal combustion engine for electricity generation. The results show that the higher the flow rate of the substrate, the higher the biogas was produced. The average biogas production from reactor one and two were 313.8 and 1503.9 L/day. Meanwhile, the engine efficiency is up to 30% at 350 W load and 25% at 700 W load when using biogas digested from reactor 1 and 2, respectively. It is interesting to further improve the anaerobic digestion reactor to obtain higher biogas production and to produce a higher power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Indigofera tinctoria as natural dyes in textile industries has its own limitation. Exposure to sunlight can promote color fading in the fabric because ultra violet (UV) rays contained in the sunlight can damage the chromophore group in dye structure, especially for natural dye which has less stability structure compared to the synthetic dyes. Nano ZnO/TiO2 photocatalyst is a semiconductor material which has band gap that proportional to the wavelength of UV rays. This property makes this material is suitable for UV absorber. This study aims to improve the resilience of Indigofera tinctoria dye towards UV rays by utilizing nano ZnO/TiO2 as an additive. Methods of this research include the manufacture of nano ZnO/TiO2 by sonication method carried out in atmospheric pressure at temperature of 30°C for 30 minutes. The obtained ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticle was diluted in ethanol and applied on Indigofera tinctoria colored cotton fabric using simple dipping method. The independent variables in this study were variation of ZnO/TiO2 weight ratio (20, 21 and 22%), time of sonication ZnO/TiO2 (10, 20 and 30 minutes), and concentration of ZnO/TiO2 applied on fabric (75, 150, and 300 ppm). ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticle was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Evaluation of dye degradation on Indigofera tinctoria dye fabric was done by color strength analysis. The data obtained was analyzed by Response Surface Method (RSM) assisted by minitab18 software. Optimum operation condition were found to be 20% ZnO in ZnO/TiO2, 30 minutes of sonication, and 300 ppm ZnO/TiO2. The results from this study showed that nano ZnO/TiO2 were successfully synthesized and could be a potential candidate as an additive to increase the color stability of the dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigofera leaf production in Indonesia reaches 30 tons of dry matter per hectare per year. Indigo which produce exclusive blue colour already used to dyeing textile, specially "Batik". Batik cloth using natural dyes has artistic value and distinctive colours, as well as ethnic and exclusive impression that have a high value. Indigofera leaves containing blue dye that can be obtained through hydrolysis and oxidation. The hydrolysis reaction using enzyme catalyst. The research objective is to obtain optimum operating conditions of the hydrolysis reaction in the extraction of blue dye with a cellulase enzyme catalyst. Indigofera used leaves 5 month old and tools used include reactors, stirrer, aerator, autoclaves, incubators and ovens. Optimization parameters are studied an α-amylase enzyme concentration of 2.5-10 wt%, pH 5-9 and a reaction time of 4-10 days. The concentration of blue dye was analyzed by gravimetric method. Experimental data were analyzed by the method of Response Surface Methodology and central composite design, the model corresponding linear model with a mathematical equation Y = 6.22763 - 0.02584X1 - 1.25889X2 - 0.42239X3 + 0.00694X1² + 0.08872X2² + 0.03747X3² + 0.01372X1X2 - 0.00582X1X3 - 0.00208X2X3 The optimum operating conditions in the range of studied enzym concentration of 3.1 wt%, pH 7.4 and the hydrolysis reaction time of 5.6 days with a yield dye of 1,42 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of study is to investigate the absorbance and electrochemical properties of natural indigo dyes. The natural indigo dyes were extracted from Indigofera tinctoria leaves. The solution was kept in alkaline condition and the reductor used was Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4). The absorbance and electrochemical properties were tested by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the absorbance spectrum of dyes was at a wavelength from 375 to 475. The dyes also have C=C, C-H, and C-N which important for anchoring in semiconductors. Moreover, the level energy of highest occupied molecular orbital and that of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital from indigo dyes were -4.89 eV and -4.035 eV, respectively. The findings show that the natural indigo dye has promising properties for dyeing of photo-anode in solar energy harvester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]