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Salinity is one of the world's major constraints to rice production, and various studies have found that salinity has a significant impact on chlorophyll content. It is necessary to assemble tolerance varieties in plant breeding, which requires character selection. Plant phenotyping is the comprehensive analysis of complex plant features such as growth, development, tolerance, physiology, yield, and the fundamental quantification of the quantitative factors that underpin more complex traits. Image-based phenotyping is expected to be a method for selecting tolerant and sensitive plants. This study aims to identify tolerant and sensitive rice varieties and their selection criteria using an image-based phenotyping approach and determine their correlation to chlorophyll response. The research was conducted in July-October 2021 at the Green House External Farm, Faculty of Agriculture Unhas, and was undertaken artificially by salt induction in a pot. The study used a split-plot design, with the main plots representing environmental conditions (NaCl 0 mM and NaCl 60 mM) and the sub-plots representing the Inpari 29, Pokkali, IR29, IR20, and Ciherang types. Each experimental unit was repeated three times. The observed image-based phenotyping parameters were RGB (Red Green Blue), the Red and Green color indexes, the canopy area, the green canopy area, the ratio of the green canopy area, and the canopy area. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were determined. The results indicated that the canopy area was an excellent candidate for character selection using an image-based phenotyping approach. Chlorophyll a (r=0.62), chlorophyll b (r=0.64), and total chlorophyll (r=0.62) all had a positive correlation with canopy area (r=0.62). Thus, a reduction in canopy area as a result of salt toxicity may imply a reduction in chlorophyll content in plant tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet orange cultivar Selayar is a local superior orange of South Sulawesi that has been registered with the Ministry of Agriculture since 2005, which local governments expect to be one of the commodities that can increase people's income. However, in its development so far, there were often encountered various problems. This study aimed to identify the problem of orange on the field and to know the prospect of sweet orange agribusiness. The research was conducted at three centers of development of the orange Selayar, namely Bontomatene, Bontosikuyu, Bontoharu districts. Data collection was carried out using survey methods and interviews with citrus farmers and related agencies. The data that has been obtained is analyzed by qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. To analyze the income of farmers from citrus farming was calculated by the ratio of revenue and costs (R/C ratio). The results showed that the area of potential development of Selayar oranges reached 6,750 ha, but until 2019 the area planted was only 1,935 ha with a population of 779,761 trees. Strangely, planting is expanding, but the annual production is decreasing. Various factors include the high attack of various pests especially blendok disease and CVPD, availability of water during the dry season, procurement of seedlings with rootstock Selayar replacing Japanese Citroen, and provision seedling without indexing systemic diseases. The net income level of citrus farmers in Selayar Regency is on average only IDR 70,000,000/ha/year or 17.5% of the potential land that must be obtained, whereas if cultivated properly can produce IDR 400,000,000/ha/year. The prospect of sweet orange agribusiness is very feasible to be undertaken if properly cultivated with the level of income that can reach IDR 97,000,000 in.the 5th year and IDR 457,950,000 in.the 12th year with RC ratios of 5.2 and 21.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]