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Research on the influence of maltose administration on the oocyte nuclear visualization of Garut sheep (Ovis aries L.) after maturation has been carried out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of maltose and determine the optimum concentration of maltose that induces post-maturation of swollen oocyte nuclear. The study was compiled based on completely randomized design consisting of one trial, four treatment groups, and six replications. In the first experiment, to ripen the oocytes in the Metaphase II stage, observations were made with the addition of various concentrations of maltose (0 %, 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %). The parameter used for oocyte maturation was Metaphase II which was characterized by the formation of Polar Body I. The nuclear viability of swollen oocytes was observed using Hoechst & PI dyes. The results showed that statistically there were differences between concentrations based on the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Levene homogeneity test, and ANOVA variance test (P≥0.05). Treatment using 3 % maltose concentration showed the highest percentage of post-maturation swollen oocyte nuclear (66.14 %). Therefore, the 3 % maltose concentration is the optimum concentration to cause swollen post-maturation of oocyte nuclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of industries leads to different types of pollution which affects both environment and human health. Of these, water pollution is considered as the most serious issue, which leads to the scarcity of potable water around the world. Among these pollutants, 70% of the effluents are from the dyeing process in the textile industries. In recent years the photocatalytic degradation of dye has got more attention since it is a greener way to tackle the problem. Dye degradation using photocatalyst can be improved by expanding the area of light absorption using conductive polymers and also by increasing the photogenerated electrons. In this aspect, we were able to successfully produce photocatalyst by the in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of TiO2 with ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidising agent. The successful formation of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposites was verified through the utilisation of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the degradation of the basic dye malachite green is studied in the presence of PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite which shows that almost complete degradation of 97% occurs under the tungsten lamp when 10−5 M concentration of dye was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive utilisation and manufacture of pigments and dyes have a substantial adverse effect on the ecosystem; hence, there is an immediate need for the methods to cleanse dye effluent. By utilising the Fe(II) complex of the salicyl-thiosemicarbohydrazone ligand, we suggest the synthesis of Fe2O3−FeS nanoparticles in this study. The ligand and the respective Fe(II) complex were synthesized using reported methods. The Fe2O3−FeS nanoparticles were prepared by thermal decomposition method. All the compounds were duly characterized by using UV-visible, IR, PXRD spectroscopy and SEM-EDX analysis. The synthesized Fe2O3−FeS nanoparticles were further investigated for their efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation of the dye methylene blue in the aqueous solution and the average time required for the complete photodegradation process is determined to be 25 minutes. The basic pH conditions were found to be more suitable for the catalytic dye-degradation by the current system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the scientific community has shown significant interest in eliminating persistent organic dye pollutants from industrial effluents. The present work describes a simple, economic and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of CaO nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Piper betle. This green method also offers advantages of high efficiency and compatibility. The application of the synthesized material as photocatalyst for degradation of the dyes, Congo red (CR) and Malachite green (MG) were investigated. Influence of factors like time of irradiation, pH, amount of catalyst and initial dye concentration on degradation of dyes were assessed. The results showed that the catalyst could degrade 81.4% and 90% of Congo red and Malachite green respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that photodegradation of dyes followed pseudo-first order kinetics according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. Scavenging studies revealed that •OH was the primary active species accountable for the photodegradation of dyes. The CaO nanoparticles exhibited excellent recyclability for both dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanotubes are considered to be one of the most promising advanced materials with a plethora of environmental applications due to their unique structure. In this study, a simple water-induced morphology transformation method was adopted to synthesize thermally curled graphitic carbon nitride (t-GCN) sheets. The synthesized sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis. The photocatalytic application of the t-GCN was studied by the degradation of a ternary dye mixture consisting of 5 ppm solutions of Rhodamine B (RB), Methylene blue (MB), and Methyl orange (MO). The degradation shows that all three dyes were successfully degraded within 90 min with the apparent reaction rate constants of 0.02184 min−1, 0.02975 min−1, and 0.04236 min−1, respectively, for MO, RB, and MB. The degradation rate constants were ∼1.2 times greater than the g-CN counterpart. The tubular structure of the t-GCN provided better charge separation and special charge migration resulting in enhanced photocatalytic degradation as compared to the g-CN sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide nanoparticles were green synthesized using algal extract and studied for removal of dyes like methyl red and methylene blue. CuO NPs thus synthesized were used for dye removal study. The nanoparticles thus synthesized were subjected to characterization in terms of XRD, FTIR and FESEM. Average crystallite size of nanoparticles was calculated as 20.2 nm. Somewhat spherical structures of nanoparticles were observed. Two types of dye was selected for the study i.e. methyl red an azo dye and methylene blue a blue cationic thiazine dye. These dyes were used as model dyes. Removal efficiency was observed in terms of dose of nanoparticles, concentration of dye and pH. About 91% removal of methyl red and 88% removal of methylene blue dye was observed respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prepared [PNIPAM-co-PSA]) hydrogel using radical polymerization and evaluated the efficiency of MB adsorption. The hydrogel's morphological structure was evaluated using SEM. Investigation and evaluation of the effective adsorption of MB from hydrogel was conducted using the Plackett Burman design. Using the PBD technique, the effects of many factors were assessed, including pH, temperature,adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, time, and rpm. It was shown that the removal effectiveness of MB dye increased with larger values of adsorbent dosage, pH, and beginning dye concentration. The adsorbent dose of 0.05 g / 20 ml dye solution, initial dye concentration of 5 ppm, temperature of 90 °C, and 30-minute contact duration at 650 rpm in agreement with the theoretical (83%) and actual (84%) values of percentage dye removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes a synthesis of (SnO2)/(CuO) nanocomposite with different concentrations by hydrothermal method. The technique of X-ray diffraction was used to examine the morphology, surface content, and structure of the materials, FESEM, FTIR and UV. Vis. The results reveal from XRD that the crystal structure of samples exhibits two phases comprising SnO2 structure that possesses tetragonal rutile and a tetragonal cell of metallic Sn, and CuO functioned as dopants in the SnO2 structure. FESEM images detect that the change of precursor concentration in the range of (0.1-0.05 M) influence the shape of the nanocomposite and has an amazing effect on the diameter size as-grown particles. The FTIR spectra's presence of vibrational bands corresponding to CuO and SnO2 confirms that these materials exist in the nanostructure, showing that the binaries of metallic oxides have been integrated successfully. In UV-Vis., shifting causes absorption to increase with thickness. With rising thickness, the energy gap dropped from (2.6 to 2.1) eV and the pH effect decrease the band gap energy. The photodegradation property of (SnO2/CuO) nanocomposite was studied using methylene blue model pollutant, where SnO2/CuO (96% and 94.8% at 135 min.) was the max. values of efficiency of nanocomposite. Consequently, the catalysis of (SnO2/CuO) increased the photodegradation of MB. To determine how the interface affected the recombination, extensive research on electron-hole pair recombination at (n-p) junctions was done. Considering this, the results from the hydrothermal approach at various concentrations support the significant photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hummer technique was utilised to produce graphene oxide (GO), while the sol gol method was employed to produce cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) for this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used to examine the structural properties of CdO NPs and GO. By boosting adsorption, expanding the light absorption range, and blocking electron-hole pair recombination, GO enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of CdO/GO nanomaterials. These compounds have enormous potential uses in the degradation of organic contaminants from wastewater, and their manufacturing is expected to be scalable using this simple process. The improved catalytic activity of CdO/GO nanocomposites has been linked to the greater adsorption susceptibility of dye molecules, high charge separation, and suppressed recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs brought about by the presence of GO. These results demonstrated the promising prospects for future use of graphene-based semiconductor nanocomposites as visible-light photocatalysts in the field of water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The current research focused to developed a swift, simple, accurate and sensitive process to spectrophotometric estimation of sulfasalazine in its pure and medication forms in aqueous medium. The suggested relied on formation colored azo dye between sulfasalazine and diazotized sulfanilic acid in alkaline medium, the resulting orang-yellow dye show maximum absorbance at wavelength 456 nm, the effect of all parameters was studied at the λ max of reaction product, under optimum conditions a linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range 0.25-20 µg.ml-1 with acceptable correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The values of molar absorptivity and sandell, s sensitivity index were 3.3903×10 4 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 0. 01175g.cm-2, respectively. The detection limit (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) 0.0068-0.022 µg.ml-1, respectively. The suggested method proved successfully utilized to determine of SSZ in tablets form with acceptable precision and accuracy, the validity of present process was established via standard addition technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An easy, delicate, rapid and new method has been created to estimate the pharmaceutical compound Desloratadine (DES) in its bulck form and pharmaceutical forms. The method relies on the reaction of DESwith the blue dye Bromothymol blue (BTB) to form a yellow-colored product that exhibited the peak absorption occurs at a specific wavelength of 420 nm. The linear range was observed between concentrations of 5-40 µg/mL, with a molar absorptivity of 3481.184 L/mole.cm. The Sandell's sensitivity was found to be 0.0892µg/cm², and the determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9998. The limit of detection was 0.1318µg/mL, and the quantification limit was 0.3993 µg/mL. The recovery percentage values ranged from 98.7857-101.071%, with a RSD% (relative standard deviation) between 0.1546-0.6757% within a one day. The RSD% values varied between 0.0632% and 0.6859% within more day. The method was found to be accurate and sensitive, and it was successfully implemented to estimate DES in its pharmaceutical preparations using both direct and standard additions methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyridoxine hydrochloride (PXH) or vitamin B6 in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations have been determined using a sensitive spectrophotometric approach. The procedure is based on these two steps, the first step involves the oxidation of PXH using an excess of the oxidizing agent N-bromosuccinimide (NBR) in acetic acid medium, and in the second step, unreacted amount of NBS is reacted with methyl red (M.R) dye in the same medium, where a dye is oxidized to a colorless product, and the absorption of the residual dye at a wavelength of 518nm which is proportional indirectly to the concentration of PXH. Beer's law is obeyed over a range of 0.125-2.5 µg/mL with a molar absorpitivity of 10.7×104 l. mol−1.cm−1 and Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0019 µg.cm-2, a relative error from (-3.27 to -0.168) % and a relative standard deviation from (0.943 to 3.322) %, depending on the concentration level. The suggested technique has been utilized effectively to ascertain PXH in its pharmactical preparations as tables and injections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recalcitrant organics have the potential to be extremely poisonous, mutagenic, and carcinogenic even in trace amounts. Complex and challenging organic wastewatersare produced by a variety of businesses, including those that use colors, tannery products, pharmaceuticals, landfill leachates, etc. Electrochemical oxidation as a wastewater treatment technique is continuously evolving for the removal of colors from textile effluents. Electro-oxidation is generating a lot of interest because of its versatility, simplicity, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study highlights the treatment of synthetic Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye wastewater by indirect electrochemical oxidation using two supporting electrolytes, NaCl and Na2SO4. In this work, a novel particle electrode using GO (Graphene Oxide) and GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) on Titanium (Ti) substrate was developed by high-temperature thermal decomposition in the laboratory for electrooxidation of RO16. The performance of this newly created electrodeTi/GO-GAC-RuO2−Sb2O5−CeO2 was examined on the percentageCOD reduction and decolorization of 200 ppm of synthetic RO16 dye solution. The operating parameters considered vital for all electrooxidation studies were pH, current density, electrolyte concentration, and electrolysis duration. NaCl and Na2SO4were employed as electrolytes to enhance solution conductivity. Using Ti/GO-GAC-RuO2−Sb2O5−CeO2electrode, maximum colorand COD reduction wereachieved at 98% and 88%, respectively. Additional investigation was also conducted in terms of instantaneous current efficiency (ICE), Energy Consumption (EC), and evaluation of kinetic rate constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of ultrasonic and ultrahigh-frequency treatments on the structure and adsorption index of the organic dye methylene blue bentonite of the Republic of Tatarstan. It was found that ultrasonic treatment of an aqueous suspension of bentonite reduces the average diameter of its particles by 4 times and increases the adsorption capacity by 20% due to an increase in the specific surface area and the formation of a homogeneous structure. The optimal mode of ultrasonic treatment: the treatment time is 3 minutes, the frequency is 20 kHz, the ratio of bentonite and water is 1:1.2, the settling of the suspension before treatment is 12-16 hours. Based on the comparison of various modes of ultrasonic exposure, it is shown that the efficiency of dispersion of solid particles in the liquid phase depends more on its intensity per unit volume of the treated bentonite suspension. With ultrahigh-frequency treatment of bentonite lasting 4 minutes and a power of 750 Watts, the adsorption index increases by 5% due to the expansion of the adsorption space by removing adsorbed water. It is confirmed by a change in the surface structure of bentonite particles and a decrease in the interplane distance in the layered mineral montmorillonite from 15.05 Å to 12.71 Å. Ultrahigh-frequency treatment, compared with thermal treatment, makes it possible to significantly intensify the processes of dehydration of layered bentonite minerals up to 7.5 times when higher values of adsorption of organic molecules of the methylene blue dye are achieved. The paper presents diagrams of the density distribution of bentonite particles, the microstructure of bentonite before and after treatment with an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field, and X-ray phase analysis data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of binder concentration on the ability of gelcasting porous ceramics as TiO2 catalyst support in degrading methyl orange (MO) dye. The raw materials are alumina silica contained in the natural clay of South Sulawesi and starch as a binder. Based on previous research, the binder used is toxic, in this study natural binder with low toxicity were used. Binder plays an important role in the process of pore formation in the ceramic body, so in this study, variations in binder concentration were studied. The research steps consist of natural clay preparation and alumina silica content analysis using XRF; synthesis of gelcasting porous ceramics with various binder concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%; ceramic pore size characterization using the bubble point method; impregnation of TiO2 catalyst using the adsorption method and analysis of the amount of catalyst that was successfully impregnated using XRF; and TiO2 photodegradation test against MO dye. The results showed that the alumina and silica content in the natural clay of South Sulawesi were 11.98% and 71.12%, respectively. The average pore size of ceramic pores increases with increasing binder concentration, the largest average pore radius occurs at 8% and 10% binder concentrations with a size of 1.40 μm. The amount of TiO2 that was successfully impregnated increased with increasing binder concentration up to 8% and decreased at 10%, the highest amount of TiO2 occurred in porous ceramics with a binder concentration of 8% with a TiO2 percentage of 38.9%. The percentage of MO dye that was successfully degraded occurred at a binder concentration of 8%, this is in line with the percentage of TiO2 that was successfully impregnated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-P) were synthesized using the polyol method as a photocatalytic agent with a Zn2+ concentration of 0.5 mol/L, a base-to-Zn2+ ratio of 1, and an H2O-to-Zn2+ ratio of 5 (ZnOP-A) and 20 (ZnOP-B) for the reduction of malachite green and rhodamine B dye concentrations. XRD, FESEM, UV-DRS, and FT-IR were used to characterize ZnO-P. The results of the characterization revealed that the ZnO-P produced by the polyol method had a hexagonal crystal structure, a particle size of less than 100 nm, and a band gap energy (Eg) of approximately 3,2 eV. Depending on the hydrolysis ratio, the obtained particles have distinct morphologies. The particles synthesized with a hydrolysis ratio = 5 (ZnOP-A) were spherical and slightly elongated, whereas those synthesized with a hydrolysis ratio = 20 (ZnOP-B) were conical. Under UV-LED irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to reduce the concentration of malachite green and rhodamine B dyes at concentrations of 20, 30, and 40 mg L−1 was evaluated. It was discovered that particle size and morphology affect the particles' ability to reduce the dye concentration. Within 12 minutes of irradiation, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOP-A) reduced the concentration of rhodamine b dye by 98,454%, while malachite green dye concentration was reduced by 99,030% within 120 minutes of irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective adsorber nanocomposite of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 metals ferrite loaded on ZIF-12 composite was successfully constructed and tested for removal of acid red (AR) textile dye. The characterization procedures powder X-Ray diffraction XRD, Scanning Electron Microscope SEM, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy EDX, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer VSM, and surface area (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller BET) methods were used to analyze the constructed materials. The acquired Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/ZIF-12 nanocomposites exhibited high adsorption capacity for acid red (AR) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The max adsorption capacities of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, ZIF-12, and Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/ZIF-12 were 19.8, 46.7, 76.4 mg.g−1, respectively. The AR day concentration, adsorber dose, solution pH and contact time were studied in detail on the absorption efficiency. Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies were also conducted, which show that second order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm were fitted well with the experimental results. Besides, the Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/ZIF-12 nanocomposites could be effortlessly separated by simple magnate, and displayed high stability after reused 4 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZIF-67/PTA composite has been prepared by immobilization of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) onto Co-zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67). After synthesized photocatalysts have been characterized, the photocatalytic property of ZIF-67/PTA composite were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet (MV) dye as a simulated organic pollutant in water. In presence of visible light illumination, the results showed that 93.5% MV degradation has been achieved at specific conditions (ZIF-67/PTA photocatalyst dosage =(0.5 g/l), initial pH=(6.8) and MV dye concentration=(10 ppm)). The enhanced photocatalytic degradation of MV was attributed to the impact of synergistic of PTA and ZIF-67, which increase the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological activity of the Co (III) complex of azo-Schiff bases derived from 2-amino-5-methylthiazole azo-Schiff bases has been studied. Initial examinations, attractive instantaneous volumes, spectroscopy (infrared, electronic, 1 H NMR, and XRD), then described thermogravimetric investigations of the azo-Schiff bases and their metallic complexes. For the nickel complex, an octahedral geometry has been proposed. Thermal and infrared data of the mineral complexes confirmed the presence of the collected water. It was used for dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylene blue (MB) dye waste is pollutant commonly produced from textile factories that are harmful to the environment, so it must be treated before being released into the environment. In this study, removing of MB dye waste was carried out through an adsorption process by the adsorbent in the form of composite of montmorillonite (MMT) and chitosan (CS). MMT-CS composites were prepared using varied CS mass concentration (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) of MMT to know the effect of CS on adsorption capacity. The MB adsorption was studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The measurement results showed that the highest adsorption capacity (qt) was 2.86241 mg/g, which was achieved at contact time of 45 minutes by the MMT-CS 100% composite which 95.41% of MB is adsorbed. Adsorption kinetics were studied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetics. It was found that the mechanism of adsorption kinetic follows pseudo-second order with a rate constant (k2) increases with increasing CS. The highest k2 value is 8.13923 g mg−1min−1 which was obtained for composite of MMT-CS 100% with the correlation coefficient reached 0.9999. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical conductivity of the natural chemical molecule Tartrazine dye is investigated in this publication. This dye has a good electrical conductivity, prompting us to investigate the AC and DC conduction mechanisms of this dye-based device further. Absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the optical band gap of this dye, which was determined to be 2.58eV. Measurement of DC electrical conductivity of this dye was done with an impedance spectrometer from the temperature range 303 K (30° C) to 373 K (100° C). The dye shows a conductivity of 5.07 × 10−8 (n-m)−1 for low temperature region and 1.22 × 10−8(n-m)−1 for high temperature region. The activation energy was measured using the well-known Arrhenius equation having values 1.685 eV and 0.946 eV for low and high temperature regions respectively. AC conductivity also carried out between the frequency range 500Hz to 100KHz with the temperature range 303 K (30° C) to 373 K (100° C). Activation energy at AC field was found to be 0.291 eV. We can see that the value of DC conductivity is higher with respect to AC conductivity at high temperature region and the activation energy in DC field is higher with respect to the AC field. Barrier hooping mechanism is an evidence for the reduction of the activation energy in AC field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve environmental and energy related issues through photocatalytic technology requires highly efficient, stable and eco-friendly photocatalysts. Gold nanoparticle decorated chemically exfoliated two dimensional MoS2 nanosheet exhibits promising potential in field of photocatalysis for degradation carcinogenic brilliant green dye molecule. The Au-MoS2 nanocomposite degrades this dye much faster rate than bare MoS2 under visible light, improvement of photocatalytic performance is ascribed due to the effective suppression of the recombination of charge carriers. This Au-MoS2 nanocomposite can be used for industrial purposes for water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a microwave-assisted sol-gel method was used to synthesis AC/TiO2 composite for the application as adsorption/photodegradation of Malachite Green (MG) dye. In this work, Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the synthesis preparation condition of AC/TiO2 composite. The key input factors in this optimization process were microwave power (A: 400 – 800 W), microwave time (B: 10 – 20 min) and activated carbon (AC) dosage (C: 0.1 – 0.5 g). Based on ANOVA analysis, optimized percentage removal of MG dye (91.54 %) was obtained by applying optimum preparation variables of 400 W of microwave power, 10 minutes of microwave time and 0.5 g of AC dosage. The regression analysis with an R2 value of 0.9579 indicates good agreement between the experimental results and the predictive values. The results of this study show that the prepared AC/TiO2 composite substantially enhanced the adsorption/photodegradation of MG dye removal in aqueous solution under UV light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated the adsorption of 50 mg/L of Remazol Red (RR) dye using porous activated carbon (PAC) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) via alkali treatment. Two type of alkali were used, namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), with four different concentrations (0.5 M, 1.0 M, 1.5 M and 2.0 M) using without any mechanical agitation. This study is significant as it used shorter processing time and lower temperature during the preparation of PAC compared to conventional treatment using furnace with higher processing temperature and longer time. The PAC was prepared by mixing RHA into the alkali solution (NaOH and KOH) for 2 hours and then washed using distilled water until the pH became neutral. The adsorption test was conducted using RR dye for 6 hours, tested using UV spectrophotometer and characterized using SEM, EDX and FTIR. Results showed that 1.0 Na-PAC had a higher adsorption percentage of 84% dye removal at 360 minutes, while 2.0 K-PAC had79% dye removal. It can be concluded that Na-PAC has a higher removal percentage of RR dye at different concentrations than K-PAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the decolorization of Methylene Blue (MB) dye by the composite of brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (GT) using metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 produced in variations of up to 15, 30, and 45 mg. According to the results, the highest percentage of MB decolorization was shown by UiO-66(45)@GT composite 88.99% after 72 hours which was higher than free-living GT fungus. Moreover, the decolorization rate of MB with MOF UiO-66(45) and free GT reached only 79.11% and 65.92%; hence, UiO-66 enhances the free fungi decolorization ability. After calculating the kinetics and plotting the data from the adsorption capacities and contact time of MB adsorption, it was concluded that all tested materials followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dye based Abutilon Indicum leaves extract is utilized as a photosensitizer to Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD analysis have been performed to analyse the characteristics of light harvesting of solar spectra and electron transportation. The ethanol is used as a solvent for dye preparation and electrical parameters is evaluated by Keithley solar simulator 100mW/cm2 AM 1.5 G. The photo conversion efficiency of 0.6975% is achievedand fill factor of 0.505, Short circuit current density of 2.4 mA/cm2 and Open circuit voltage of 575mV. The experimental studies represent the proposed dye fabricated DSSC effectively used as a photosensitizer and presence of chlorophyll, anthocyanin pigments in dye results in electron transfer, electron injection, electron recombination ina picosecond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology has had many applications since the industrial revolution. The technology carries an eco-friendly concept starting from production processes to its usage. The notion is to control dependency on non-renewable natural resources and environmental impacts. Consequently, the study aims to analyze the extracted anthocyanin powder applied to rayon fabric. The anthocyanin was obtained with the green extraction method using a mechanical technique. The extracted powder was identified by comparative testing, characterization of morphology, size, and chemical elements by SEM/EDX, phytochemical testing, and characterization of functional groups and vibrational modes by FTIR. After that, the color produced on rayon using Android-based software is to identify a color. The staining technique is done by varying the pH of the solution used. The identification of anthocyanin powder from the leaf extraction of Tectona Grandis showed that the powder had a nano size of 452.68 nm. As for other characteristics, namely, the water content of the powder is 7.21%, which means it has met the standard of SNI 06-3730-1995. The nanopowder from Tectona Grandis leaves contains anthocyanin dominant color pigments. So that this powder can be applied as a natural dye on rayon fabric, producing dominant colors of red, brown, and orange. However, when the pH of the solvent in the coloring process is varied, the resulting color will change. Therefore, Tectona Grandi's leaves can be extracted into nanopowders of anthocyanin applied to natural color pigments by implementing green technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual production of textile dyes exceeds 70,000 per year, with nearly 200,000 tons of synthetic dyes being released into the environment due to inefficient dyeing methods used by textile industries. The contamination of water bodies by textile wastewater has been found to have adverse effects on human health, underscoring the need to remove these pollutants. In this study, methylene blue was used as a representative pollutant to assess the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 P25 as a photocatalyst. The PHOTOREAC software, a user-friendly open-access computational tool developed in MATLAB specifically for modeling and simulating large-scale solar photocatalytic reactors in environmental applications, was employed to simulate both a kinetic model and a photon absorption scattering. The secondary data were classified based on several operating conditions, including the incident light source, light intensity, and photoreactor configurations, to investigate the impact of each condition. The results obtained from the PHOTOREAC simulation and secondary data analysis indicated that a solar simulator utilizing a xenon lamp as the incident light source is preferable for photocatalytic degradation due to its constant irradiation compared to natural solar light. Increasing the light intensity of the incident light source from 300 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 also enhances the photocatalytic degradation performance. The optimum loading of the photocatalyst exhibits variation, ranging from 8 to 15 g/L. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation is influenced by various properties of the photocatalyst, such as the crystal structure, surface area, crystallite size, and band gap energy. Furthermore, the Langmuir Hinshelwood and the Ballari models are the most suitable kinetic model expression for guiding photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is targeting 23% of renewable energy sharing by 2025. To achieve this, solar energy has a substantial potential compared to other sources in Indonesia. Solar energy is a renewable energy without carbon dioxide release during operation. Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is developed due to its low manufacturing cost and can produce electricity under low irradiation. In this study, DSSC cell performance is analyzed through an equivalent circuit model and mathematical equation using Gamry Echem Analyst, Matlab, and Microsoft Excel. The model is verified and validated with literature and previous experimental data to determine its parameters and physical phenomenon. Using the formulated model, the type of dye and dye's adsorbed concentration variations are simulated to determine the cell's efficiency. The simulation shows that type of dye and dye's adsorbed concentration affect cell efficiency. Synthetic dye results in higher cell efficiency compared to natural dye. Adsorbed dye concentration of 0.10 mmol/cm3 to 0.16 mmol/cm3 shows increase on cell efficiency. Furthermore, the simulated cell is compared to the literature's ideal cell. To increase the efficiency of the simulated cell, it is proposed to use a dye with carboxylate, hydroxyl, and thiocyanate groups, add tert-butyl pyridine additive to the electrolyte solution, and immerse cell in a high-concentration dye solution for more than 8 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of pineapple waste in agricultural industries is a key concern that emerged due to microbial spoilage, foul odor, and costly disposal problems. Therefore, this study exploited the garbage enzyme (GE) converted from the pineapple waste for dye decolorization application. This research was conducted with the objective to screen variables such as, incubation time, temperature, pH, and sonication time, that influenced the fermentation of GE based on protease, amylase, and lipase activities, as well as the dye decolorizing activities. Based on the research, it was demonstrated that the optimum amylase activity was 2192 ± 98 U/mL at 2 days incubation, 37°C, pH 7, and sonication time of 35 minutes. Consequently, for lipase and protease activity, the optimum conditions were achieved at 2 days of incubation at 37°C, pH 7, and 20 minutes of sonication time with activities of 6.39 ± 0.13 U/mL and 0.248 ± 0.006 U/mL, respectively. The decolorization of Victoria Blue (VB) dye at 100 mg/L shows that by 6 hours, it can achieve 50% decolorization and at 48 hours, it can decolorize 90% of the dye. The initial concentration affects the decolorization of the VB as the lower the concentration the higher the decolorization rate. Also, through the decolorization, the pH value will change over time, due to the GE concentration on dye. The FTIR analysis confirmed the biodegradation of Victoria Blue dye by garbage enzyme application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical water splitting utilizes energy harvested from the sun to split water molecules to produce green hydrogen. Typically, nanostructured semiconductor materials are needed as the photoanode and/or photocathode active layer. In this research, ZnO with a nanosheet structure is used as the photoanode. The ZnO photoanode was synthesized by electrodeposition method using a constant current (galvanostatic) mode of 1 mA/cm2 with varied times of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. Attaching dye molecules on the ZnO surface is used to extend the light absorption into the visible spectrum. In this research, the interaction of the D205 dye with the ZnO nanosheet is also studied. Dye-loading time of 1, 10, and 100 minutes were applied on the 50 minutes. electrodeposition ZnO nanosheet. It is found that increasing the electrodeposition time does not necessarily increase the output current produced under illumination. The current increases up to 50 minutes of electrodeposition, and shows a decrease after a prolonged time. It is also found that there is also an optimum time for the dye loading on the output current produced. The 10 minutes dye-loading time shows the largest output current. This shows that the optimation of electrodeposition time and dye loading time is an important factor to obtain a good photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (rGO-AgNPs) was carried out simultaneously by reducing graphene oxide and silver salts. The synthesized nanocomposites were successfully characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methyl Orange dye was used to study the adsorption efficiency of rGO-AgNPs nanocomposites. Parameters affecting the adsorption rate such as the effect of time and pH were investigated. The results showed that the rGO-AgNPs composite was effective in absorbing dyes of methyl orange for 3 hours with a degradation percentage of 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surfactant-free gold nanourchins (GNU) have been synthesized using a conventional wet chemical method. Different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3) were added as direction agents to the anisotropic shape, resulting in the different particle sizes. UV-vis spectrometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption at near-infrared region and to validate the morphology of the resulted nanoparticles, respectively. The more AgNO3 is added, the sharper and longer spikes of nanourchins and the bigger particles were generated. These nanourchins were then utilized as substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on the detection of methylene blue (MB), a kind of textile dye that was heavily contaminated environment. In this research, fingerprints for methylene blue dye have been identified. SERS performance of our GNU promising for rapid and trace amount detection of another molecular dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution is a serious environmental concern and is menacing for the entire population. Dyes constitute a major portion of the contaminants present in water. In this research, an attempt has been taken to study the removal of Bismarck Brown R dye from water by the use of ZIF-67 and carbonized ZIF-67. The results demonstrated that the synthesized materials were extremely adept in removing BBR dye. Contact time, amount of adsorbent, initial concentration of dye and solution pH were considered as the parameters to examine the same. Adsorptive competence increased with enhancement of primary concentration of dye and amount of adsorbent. It was greatest at pH 6 while it rose steeply for some time initially, thereafter, rising gradually till it reached its uppermost limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to removes dyes from waste water by adsorption using banana peels. The conduct experiment done by banana powder and banana gel to compare between them and find out which one is the most efficient in adsorption. Studying the effects different factors on adsorption material and calculate the best removal efficiency to get rid of the methylene blue dye (MB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased awareness among the public and strict regulations by the governments to protect the environment from the dire consequences of water pollution has forced the researchers all over the globe to look for such methods which can minimize the ill effects of various forms of water pollution. The effluents released by dyeing industries are one of them. The Advanced Oxidation Processes has found to be superior to the conventionally used technique in decoloration of effluents from the industries which use the vast quantities of synthetic dyes, as they are able to generate extremely reactive OH radicals in abundance. An attempt has been made here to bring about the decoloration of solutions of commercially used dye namely Malachite Green using photo Fenton's process. This process comprises of hydrogen peroxide and Fe2+ in the presence of UV radiations. The blend of UV radiations with Fenton's reagent is found to augment the rate as well as the extent of decoloration of dye solutions which may be attributed to the formation of additional OH radicals by multiple pathways. An additional equivalent of OH radicals are produced as a outcome of photolytic conversion of Fe3+(produced due to reaction of H2O2 with Fe2+ions) to Fe2+. The dye degradation and subsequent decoloration by this process has been found to be affected by various parameters such as the initial dye concentration, extent of H2O2 and Fe2+ ions and the intensity of radiations. The method is more advantageous owing to comparatively low Fe2+ concentration, high degradation rate, low operation cost etc. in comparison to classical Fenton-Reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study chitosan-nanocellulose based composite used as an adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green dye from aqueous solution. The nanocomposite adsorbent was characterized by SEM and Contact angle. To evaluate the efficiency of the nanocomposite as an adsorbent batch study was done and effects of various parameters such as contact time (10-60 min), pH (2-8) of the dye solution, initial dye concentration (20-100 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.01-0.07 g) were observed. After optimization, adsorption isotherms and kinetics modelling were done and it was observed that adsorption experiment shows best fitted relationship with Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.951) and kinetics followed pseudo second order reaction (R2 =0.998) during adsorption of dye molecules. Results showed that adsorption shows heterogenous and chemisorption adsorption mechanism during dye molecules removal. This nanocomposite adsorbent seems to be highly effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of dye molecules from the aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been acknowledged as a promising photocatalyst in environmental remediation including wastewater treatment. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles either by single or co-doped of iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N) via sol-gel method and calcined at 500 °C for 3 hours. This experiment investigated the performance of mono/co-dopant of TiO2 photocatalyst against methyl orange in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The experimental results showed the rate of degradation favored in co-doped TiO2 followed by mono doped TiO2 and pristine TiO2. The photocatalytic reaction followed pseudo first-order kinetics which were rationalized in terms of the Langmuir– Hinshelwood model and provided nearly complete degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congo Red dye ozonation process had performed. The degradation process efficiency is systematically done by testing every variable and leaving the others constant. By repeating this experiment, maximum efficiency can be achieved, but it requires more time and is costly. The strength of variable influence in each experiment can be determined to optimize each variable existence. To optimize the practical parameter value with the minimum number of trials, an analysis of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) had performed. This method was used to determine how much influence independent variables have on dependent variables. The experimental results predict the magnitude of each variable influence using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). This process produces a predictive model of the variables studied. The variables analyzed in this ozonation process consist of ferrate concentration (mg/L), dye concentration (mg/L), and pH. The dependent variable analyzed was the percentage of dye decolorization. The prediction model feasibility used had tested using the t-test. Based on this model, the value of R2 is 0.825. The influence of independent variables analysis of dye colourization predicting ferrate concentration, dye concentration, and pH. It can significantly influence to Congo Red Ozonation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erbium-doped Selenium-based chalcogenide system has attracted attention due to the narrow band gap, and various applications in solar energy utilization, photocatalytic activity for the visible light response, and removal of hazardous pollutants. Researchers are attracted to photocatalytic studies because it is environmental friendly. Ge17Sb8Se75-xErx where x=0, 0.4%, 0.8% chalcogenide glass has been synthesized by traditional melt quenching technique. Further, morphological study and elemental composition have been done using FESEM and EDX. In this present study, photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue dye under green light and UV-cut irradiation is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the Co-Precipitation method for photocatalytic application. The X-ray diffraction analysisrevealed a single-phase crystalline naturewith a crystallite size of 13.80 nm. The SEM analysis shows analmost spherical morphology of the sample. The band gap is determined with the help of Tauc's plot and found to be 1.98 eV for Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4. The synthesized nanoparticles are used as photocatalysts for Rose Bengal dye degradation and were found to be 77.43% efficient in 50 minutes. Hence, the synthesized Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles have excellent application as a catalyst in organic dye degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile industries release lots of hazardous chemicals and organic materials like dyes into rivers which cause pollution in water bodies. ZnO nanomaterial has been prepared over wide range of temperatures via Mechanical Assisted Thermal Decomposition (MATD) and MSMATD. Phase identification, morphology of ZnO nanomaterial, and photocatalytic degradation rate of Methylene blue (MB) textile dye with ZnO nanomaterial have been studied via X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy, respectively. Preliminary studies on the effect of magnetic stirring time over wide range of synthesis to obtain effective ZnO nanomaterial having higher efficiency towards methylene dye degradation have been presented. MSMATD synthesis method with higher magnetic stirring duration is found to be highly effective with enhanced dye degradation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]