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A hyperspectral imaging system (HIS) is a helpful tool that acquires spatial and spectral information from a target. This study developed a coaxial heterogeneous HIS (CHHIS) to collect spectral images with wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1700 nm. In this system, a visible (VIS) spectrometer and a short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer are combined with a coaxial optical path to share the same field of view. This structure reduces the complexity of spatial registration and maintains the scanning duration of two spectrometers as that of a single spectrometer. The spectrometers are also replaceable for extending the detecting spectral range of the system. The calibration methodologies, including spatial correction, spectral calibration, and reflectance calibration, were developed for this system. The signal-to-noise ratio of VIS and SWIR spectrometers in the CHHIS was up to 40 and 60 dB when the exposure time of the VIS and SWIR imaging sensors was 1000 and 10 ms, respectively. When the target distance was at 600 mm, the spatial error of VIS and SWIR images in the scanning direction was less than 1 pixel; these results proved that the system was stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunomagnetic reduction assay is used to quantitatively detect bio-molecules. Many reports show that the to-be-detected bio-molecular concentration dependent reduction in the alternative-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility of a reagent is governed by the logistic function, which is a four-parameter function. One of the parameters relates to the increase in the rate of the magnetic reduction signal when the concentration of to-be-detected bio-molecules is increased. Theoretically, this parameter is attributed to the clustering associations between to-be-detected bio-molecules and labeling particles in the reagent. In an immunomagnetic reduction assay, the bioactive labeling particles are anti-body-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. However, there is no detailed information about the effect of the clustering associations on this parameter. In this work, the clustering association is manipulated by controlling the concentrations of anti-body-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the reagent. The experimental results show that higher values for this parameter are obtained with concentrated anti-body-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles in the reagent. This implies that particle clustering is enhanced by an increase in the concentration of the bio-functionalized magnetic particles. It is also demonstrated that the particle clustering effect dominates the increased rate of the magnetic reduction signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved technique of convective solution transport using KCl as solvent at 840-790 °C (where mass transport takes place across a vertical temperature gradient) is described for the growth of crystals of the recently discovered superconductor α-FeSex (x = 1-0.8). The crystals were annealed in situ at 400-350 °C for 20-30 h to improve the superconducting properties. Hexagonal plate like crystals measuring 5-6 mm across and 0.25-0.5 mm thick were obtained. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements show good crystallinity and the energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) gives a composition very close to the starting powders. The zero resistance temperature of the crystals was found to increase from 6.5 to 9 K as the composition is decreased from x = 0.95 to 0.9 and decrease thereafter. Similar behavior was also observed in the powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Raman spectra with the main peak shifting to higher value until 0.9 and decrease thereafter. In addition the XRD patterns show reducing hexagonal phase reflections as x decreases to 0.9. Anisotropic magnetic behavior was observed when the magnetic field is applied parallel and perpendicular to the (101) face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal–insulator–silicon light-emitting diode (MIS LED) using a high-dielectric-constant material (HfO2) is studied. The external quantum efficiency for light emission at room temperature from the MIS LED was observed to be 2.0×10-6, as compared to 0.5×10-6 for the metal–oxide–silicon (MOS) LED. The large hole concentration at the Si/HfO2 interface created by the high dielectric constant of HfO2 may be responsible for the enhancement. The emission line shape of the MIS LED can be fitted by the electron-hole plasma recombination model, similar to the MOS LED. The Al/HfO2/silicon LED with a high interface trap density has a continuous spectrum below the Si gap beside the electron-hole plasma emission, probably due to the radiative recombination between the electrons and holes via the interface states. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study that reported electroluminescence emission at room temperature from indium-tin-oxide and indium oxide films. Research method; Results and discussion on the study.

By conjugating antibodies on magnetic nanoparticles, target antigens can be quantitatively detected by measuring the magnetic signals of the magnetic nanoparticles due to their association with target antigens. This method of detection is called magnetically labeled immunoassay. The assay characteristics of magnetically labeled immunoassay have been reported widely. However, the immuno-reaction kinetics of magnetically labeled immunoassay has not been studied. In this work, the reaction rates between magnetic nanoparticles and target antigens are measured at various temperatures. It is found that the temperature dependent reaction rate obeys Arrhenius's equation, which shows the collision frequency and activation energy for the immuno-reaction between antibody-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and target antigens. The carcinoembryonic antigen, which is a regular blood bio-marker for in-vitro diagnosis of colorectal cancer, is used as a target antigen for the example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of a linear system to nonstationary Gaussian shot noise is examined from a more general point of view. The system parameters, including those of a filter, are considered to be of such a general nature that the matrix associated with the rate of the first-order transition moment in the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation may have multiple eigenvalues. The more general approach taken here yields a result that may be reduced to the existing one for systems with simple eigenvalues only. An example is given at the end to illustrate the application of the general expressions for the mathematical expectation and the covariance function of the response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal-oxide-silicon light-emitting diode under biaxial tensile mechanical strain is studied. The emission line shape of the device can be fitted by the electron-hole-plasma recombination model. The energy gap of strained Si extracted by the light emission spectra at the temperature of 120 K is reduced by 15 meV under 0.13% biaxial tensile strain. The light intensity of the device under 0.13% biaxial tensile strain increases 9% as compared to the relaxed-Si device. The upshift of valence band edge under mechanical strain to increase the majority hole concentration at the oxide/Si interface may be responsible for this light emission enhancement. The mechanical strain is measured by Raman spectroscopy, strain gauge, and analyzed by the finite element method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-phased ferroelectromagnet BiFeO[sub 3] ceramics with high resistivity were synthesized by a rapid liquid phase sintering technique. Saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops were observed at room temperature in the ceramics sintered at 880 °C for 450 s. The spontaneous polarization, remnant polarization, and the coercive field are 8.9 μC/cm[sup 2], 4.0 μC/cm[sup 2], and 39 kV/cm, respectively, under an applied field of 100 kV/cm. It is proposed that the formation of Fe[sup 2+] and an oxygen deficiency leading to the higher leakage can be greatly suppressed by the very high heating rate, short sintering period, and liquid phase sintering technique. The latter was also found effective in increasing the density of the ceramics. The sintering technique developed in this work is expected to be useful in synthesizing other ceramics from multivalent or volatile starting materials. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical pulses shorter than 0.6 ps were generated by photoconductively shorting a charged coplanar transmission line with 80 fs laser pulses. After propagating 8 mm on the line the electrical pulses broadened to only 2.6 ps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the article 'Optical and Magnetic Studies of SmCo and SmFe Films,' by K.T. Wu, Y.D. Yao and T.C. Chen.

The electric field dependence of electron mobilities in p-type silicon with doping density of 4.5×1016 cm-3 at room temperature was measured using a time-of-flight technique. It was found that the electron mobility at zero field is very close to that in n-type silicon of equivalent doping density; however, it decreases rapidly with electric field in a range from 0 to 0.2 kV/cm and more gradually at higher fields. The effect is attributed to the electron-hole scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]