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Measurement of the combustion temperature field is an extremely important issue in industrial production. Temperature is one of the key parameters in combustion studies. With the temperature field distribution of the combustion field obtained, heat transfer, heat convection, and heat radiation can be calculated directly and efficiently. Traditional background oriented Schlieren (BOS) is an effective method for non-axisymmetric temperature field measurements, but it requires simultaneous Schlieren imaging at multiple angles for tomographic reconstruction, which will greatly limit its application. In this paper, the compressive sensing algorithm is introduced into the temperature field reconstruction, which establishes the system of equations between the deflection angle and the refractive index gradient. Then, the reconstruction of the non-axisymmetric temperature field is realized by solving the underdetermined system of equations by the method of solving the sparse solution through the compressive sensing. First, light offsets across the non-axisymmetric temperature field are measured by the under-angled BOS system and image processing method. Second, the spatial refractive index field is reconstructed by the compressive sensing BOS method proposed in this paper. Finally, the spatial temperature field is obtained. The experimental results show that by comparing the iRadon reconstruction algorithm and the compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm, the temperature field reconstructed by the compressive sensing under the condition of the under-angled sampling of projection data had a higher accuracy than that reconstructed by the tomographic reconstruction algorithm under the same condition. The average error of the temperature field was reduced from 34.6 to 29.7 K under the same measurement conditions; however, the accuracy is better maintained by using the compressive sensing algorithm under the condition of undersampling projection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental stagnation pressure measurement technique is presented for a rotating detonation combustor (RDC). Schlieren imaging enables rotating detonation wave passage to be correlated with oscillations observed in the under-expanded exhaust plume. By measuring the spatiotemporal variation in exhaust plume divergence angle, stagnation pressure measurements of the RDC were acquired at a rate of 1 MHz. Combustor mass flux was varied between 202 and 783 kg/m2s, producing equivalent available pressures (EAPs) in the range of 3.42–13.5 bar. Time-averaged stagnation pressure measurements gathered using this technique were in agreement with the measured EAP within ±1.5%. Time-resolved stagnation pressure measurements allow for the pressure ratio produced across detonation wave cycles to be determined. For the conditions tested, detonation pressure ratios and wave speeds decreased while increasing the mean operating pressure of the combustor. Numerical modeling of the conditions tested indicates that the decrease in pressure ratio and wave speed is a result of elevated levels of combustion prior to the detonation wave arrival (i.e., "preburning"). Simultaneous OH* chemiluminescence measurements within the combustion chamber show an increase in preburned heat release relative to detonative heat release for increasing operating pressures of the RDC, in agreement with the results of the numerical model. Modeled chemical kinetic timescales decrease by approximately the same magnitude by which the preburning mass fraction increased in the range of operating pressures tested, suggesting that the faster reaction rates associated with higher pressure combustion may be the reason for increased preburning within the combustor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum substituted barium hexaferrites were prepared by the self-propagating combustion method and subsequent calcination at 850 °C. The crystalline structure, complex permittivity, complex permeability, and hyperfine parameters of BaFe12-xAlxO19 (x varies from 1.5 to 2.3 in steps of 0.2) were measured with x-ray diffraction (XRD), vector network analyzer and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The XRD results show that all Al3+ ions enter into the lattice of hexagonal barium ferrite. The substitution of Al3+ ions can greatly affect the complex permittivity and permeability of barium ferrite. With increasing substitution, the real part of complex permittivity increases gradually, and the peaks of the imaginary part of complex permeability shift into higher frequency band. When the substitution amount x is 1.9, the largest movement of the peaks is 1.95 GHz, which indicates that the ferromagnetic resonant frequency of barium ferrite increases by 1.95 GHz. The Al3+ ions preferentially occupy the 4f2, 2a, 4f1, and 12k sites in the subcrystalline structure up to x=1.9, and then the Al3+ ions mainly occupy 12k sites. This change also results in 2b sites with a large quadrupole splitting. These occupations lead to a variable magnetocrystalline anisotropy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel multi-jet burner was built to provide one-dimensional laminar flat flames with a wide range of variable parameters for multipurpose quantitative optical measurements. The burner is characterized by two independent plenum chambers, one supporting a matrix of 181 laminar jet flames and the other supporting a co-flow from a perforated plate with small holes evenly distributed among the jets. A uniform rectangular burned gas region of 70 mm × 40 mm can be generated, with a wide range of temperatures and equivalence ratios by controlling independently the gas supplies to the two plenum chambers. The temperature of the hot gas can be adjusted from 1000 K to 2000 K with different flame conditions. The burner is designed to seed additives in gas or liquid phase to study homogeneous reactions. The large uniform region can be used to burn solid fuels and study heterogeneous reactions. The temperature was measured using two-line atomic fluorescence thermometry and the temperature profile at a given height above the burner was found to be flat. Different types of optical diagnostic techniques, such as line of sight absorption or laser-induced fluorescence, can be easily applied in the burner, and as examples, two typical measurements concerning biomass combustion are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a method of a digital streak photography of combustion or a detonation process. Reconstruction of streak image from binary words produced by an ordered set of sensors; Analog/one-binary digit converter; Multiple-threshold system; Cost advantage of the system over any available high-speed camera.