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Thailand is considered endemic for malaria. Recently, evidence was brought that humans can be infected by the simian Plasmodium namely P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Therefore, the geographic range of positive malaria infection of non-human primates (NHPs), especially monkey species must be determined. The main objective of this study consisting of finding out how common malaria parasites are in monkey species. To achieve this, the researcher used quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect overall Plasmodium spp., human and simian Plasmodium infection by using specific primers. A total of 472 monkey blood samples of cynomolgus macaque and rhesus macaque were collected from five different locations forests in Thailand. The analysis indicated that most of the samples were positive to different extents for Plasmodium infection regardless of the species of the parasite. As expected, the researcher did not detect any infection of monkeys by any of the human Plasmodium species. Furthermore, the researcher found many positive samples infected with P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Surprisingly, mixed infection of P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi occurred in 6 monkeys from three sampling sites. As result, the findings confirm P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi-infected monkeys living in Thailand, suggesting high risk of zoonotic transmission of malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface area has become a key indicator in drug development. The increasing or decreasing surface area value can affect the chemical kinetics and the rate of a chemical reaction between the solute and solvent. In this study, we evaluated and calculated the stability of the molecular interface between the solute and solvent of the molecule through molecular dynamics simulation. Two bioactive compounds, chimanine D and desulphosinigrin, abundantly found in Averrhoa bilimbi, showed promising features to develop become drug candidates against alpha-glucosidase. Notably, the results of molecular surface area after dynamics simulation of these two compounds showed a unique and stable pattern compared to miglitol, a controlled drug for diabetes. These findings suggested that chimanine D - target protein complex and desulphosinigrin – target protein complex might have stable kinetics and chemical reaction in the physiological system. Further investigation and calculation regarding the solute & solvent H-bonds and solvent-accessible surface area need to be defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of green fertilizer as a potential source of micro and macronutrients for plant growth is crucial. Reducing soil and water pollution related to synthetic fertilizer are the future goal for the green farming model. Currently, the application of Moringa oleifera leaves extract has become the global trend in exploring green materials and smart farming. Moreover, Moringa oleifera leaves powder (MOLP) has huge micro and macro-elements with potent activity against plant stress caused by abiotic factors. The present pilot study was conducted to explore the growth-enhancing potential of MOLP water extract (5% solution) for the growth of Amaranthus sp. The MOLP water extract treatment was applied for four weeks in the greenhouse model. Application of MOLP water extract can trigger the significant alteration of the Amaranthus sp plant's growth rate compared to placebo. MOLP water extracts significantly improve the Amaranthus sp plant height, the number of leaves and maintain the pH and soil moisture. Hence, the new approach of MOLP water extract biofertilizer supplementation has a positive value to increase growth rate and reduce abiotic stress. Further studies are required not only in the vegetable plant but also other crops species that play an essential contribution to human needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]