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Staphylococcus epidermidis has been many virulence agents which instantly prompt damage to its host tissues. The capability to forming a biofilm is considered one of the most major virulence agents for many types of bacteria included S. epidermidis to supporting any illness. A biofilm is usually formed by attached microbial cells sessile within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS has been consisted of; proteins arranged from one to two percentage including enzymes, RNA, and DNA less than one percent, while the polysaccharides were one to two and the main remaining composition is, water up to 97% that is liable to the movement of nutrients inside the biofilm components. Current knowledge leads to small RNAs (sRNAs) bis- (3'-5')-cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and quorum sensing (QS) as the primary arranger of bacterial biofilms formation. QS-controlled genes constituted about 10% of the total bacterial genome. Biofilm composition is reliant on the stimulation of certain genes expression that leads to the starting point of biofilm foundation. So, the present study aimed to study the impact of Al2O3 & Fe3O4 nanoparticles on extracellular matrix-binding protein (embp), autolysin E (atlE), and Tntercellular adhesion protein C (icaC) genes expression level which are involved in biofilm-forming of S. epidermidis bacteria. By using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The result showed significantly impact (P < 0.05) of Al2O3 & Fe3O4 nanoparticles on expression levels of (embp), (atlE), and (icaC) genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the vigorous anticancer agents, Resveratrol (RESV) has been demonstrated as a remarkable drug for treating most cancer types. The skin cancer cells (epidermoid carcinoma) indicate a high level of resistance to classical chemotherapy. previous researches exhibited that human serum albumin (HSA) nanostructure might have notable potential as nanocarrier in several medical aspects such as cancer therapy. The goal of the study is to demonstrate the ability of RESV drug delivery to HSA nanoparticles in skin cancer cells. Using the zeta sizer, the AFM, and FESEM and Using fluorescence microscopy following the loading of the RESV medicine with HSA, the Nano-device internalization profile has been determined. The suitable dose of prepared Nano formulation was then calculated with the MTT test for both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Then the apoptosis induction assay was performed using flow cytometry. The characterization studies showed that fabricated nanostructure has a spherical shape with 200±17 nm in average hydrodynamic diameter, 0.012±1.4 polydispersity, and -41±0. Mv in zeta potential value. Meanwhile, the suitable RESV loading efficiency (-71%) was acquired. Both cytotoxic and programmed cell death studies confirmed noticeable toxic effects and apoptosis stimulation ratio. The RESV nanoformulation also indicated a controlled release of RESV at 37 °C in citrate and phosphate with acidic and normal pH respectively. All findings proved that the RESV nanoformulation has a significant toxic/apoptotic effect against cancerous cells and conversely was noticed that has not any toxic/apoptotic in normal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work,studing the effect of varasoion of laser fluence on nanocrystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles were formed using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAIL) mechanism with different wavelength laser operation. The optical properties of the synthesis nanoparticles using two different wavelengths (1064 and 532 nm) of the Nd: YAG laser and two laser fluencies (16 and 32 J/cm2) were studied. The optical properties of nanoparticles were examined by employing UV-Visible spectroscopy (VV-Vis.), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The obtained results show the peak absoption of formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles twords to short wavelength with low laser fluences at 532nm. Also ,seems narrow size distribution and an average size of 24±6.13nm for the nanoparticles obtained by the fundamenal and second harmonics generation (SHG) of the laser, respectively. The obtained nanoparticles have very good colloidal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural extract of Caryophyllus aromaticus (clove) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was packed in honey/chitosan (HTCs) to manufacturing biocompatible antibacterial nanofibrous wound bandage. This work will compare two types of antibacterial agents, the first is a natural extract which is the clove extracted from Caryophyllus aromaticus, and the second is metal nanoparticles, which are aluminum 0xide nanoparticles. The clove extract (CE) and aluminum oxide NPs (Al2O3 NPs) are enriched to the HTCs to prepare the HTCs-CE, HTCs-Al2O3NPs, and HTCs-CE/Al2O3 NPs nanofibers mates respectively. All prepared mats were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In vitro, antibacterial testing against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, and s. pyogenes were carrying out in comparison with the Meropenem and Imipenem antibiotics. MTT assay is used for the evaluation of the cell viability and the cell proliferation of developed nanofibers. The result appears that all HTCs, HTCs-CE, HTCs-Al2O3NPs, and HTCs-CE/Al2O3NPs treatments have a different ability to inhibit bacterial growth depend on bacterial types. These treatments are showed significantly greater efficiency in bacterial growth inhibition as compared with all mentioned antibiotics. 0n the other hand, the cell culture studies proved that the nanofiber mats have good biocompatibility compared to the commercial Aquacel®Ag. The MTT assay results indicated that the nanofiber mats become more effective in cell viability and proliferation as compared with the control. Moreover, all HTCs, HTCs-CE, HTCs-Al2O3NPs, and HTCs-CE/Al2O3NPs showed significant effects on cell viability and proliferation compared with the commercial dressing Aquacel®Ag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]